Daily Analysis of 'The Hindu' - 28th June, 2020 | Additional Study Material for UPSC PDF Download

 Page 1


28-06-2020
1
A A L Y S A L I S N
28- JU N E - 2020
S. No News Articles
Page Number* 
C B D H T
1
When the Indian Ocean’s ancient climate patterns return
13 11 11 11 11
2
RBI extends borrowing time for banks
12 10 10 10 10
3
Why is there a stress on randomised controlled trials? (FAQ) 14 12 12 12 12
4 S. China Sea rights should be rooted in UN treaty: ASEAN 11 9 9 9 9
5
Govt. approves use of dexamethasone 10 8 8 8 8
6
Prelims Practice Question(s)
7
Practice Mains Question
The Hindu News Analysis – 28
th
June 2020
  
Page 2


28-06-2020
1
A A L Y S A L I S N
28- JU N E - 2020
S. No News Articles
Page Number* 
C B D H T
1
When the Indian Ocean’s ancient climate patterns return
13 11 11 11 11
2
RBI extends borrowing time for banks
12 10 10 10 10
3
Why is there a stress on randomised controlled trials? (FAQ) 14 12 12 12 12
4 S. China Sea rights should be rooted in UN treaty: ASEAN 11 9 9 9 9
5
Govt. approves use of dexamethasone 10 8 8 8 8
6
Prelims Practice Question(s)
7
Practice Mains Question
The Hindu News Analysis – 28
th
June 2020
  
28-06-2020
2
Pg: 13 – C; 11 – B, D, H, T; 
• News - Climate change could reawaken El Nino in
the Indian ocean, according to a study.
• El Nino and La Nina - interactions between the
atmosphere and ocean, in the tropical belt of the
Pacific Ocean.
• El Nino
? Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the central
and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean become
substantially higher than normal - associated with
changes in pressure pattern in the southern
oceans - called as Southern Oscillation – ENSO
• La Nina
? The cold phase of ENSO is La Nina - the sea
surface temperature in the central and eastern
tropical Pacific Ocean become lower than normal.
Page 3


28-06-2020
1
A A L Y S A L I S N
28- JU N E - 2020
S. No News Articles
Page Number* 
C B D H T
1
When the Indian Ocean’s ancient climate patterns return
13 11 11 11 11
2
RBI extends borrowing time for banks
12 10 10 10 10
3
Why is there a stress on randomised controlled trials? (FAQ) 14 12 12 12 12
4 S. China Sea rights should be rooted in UN treaty: ASEAN 11 9 9 9 9
5
Govt. approves use of dexamethasone 10 8 8 8 8
6
Prelims Practice Question(s)
7
Practice Mains Question
The Hindu News Analysis – 28
th
June 2020
  
28-06-2020
2
Pg: 13 – C; 11 – B, D, H, T; 
• News - Climate change could reawaken El Nino in
the Indian ocean, according to a study.
• El Nino and La Nina - interactions between the
atmosphere and ocean, in the tropical belt of the
Pacific Ocean.
• El Nino
? Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the central
and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean become
substantially higher than normal - associated with
changes in pressure pattern in the southern
oceans - called as Southern Oscillation – ENSO
• La Nina
? The cold phase of ENSO is La Nina - the sea
surface temperature in the central and eastern
tropical Pacific Ocean become lower than normal.
28-06-2020
3
• Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) - Difference in sea
surface temperature between the tropical
western Indian ocean area (Western Pole) in
the Arabian sea AND tropical southeastern
Indian Ocean area, south of Indonesia
(Eastern Pole) - involves oscillation.
? Positive phase - western pole is warmer
and eastern pole is cooler - droughts in
Indonesia region but heavy rainfall in
India.
? Negative Phase - Eastern pole is warmer
and western pole is cooler
? brings warmer water and greater
precipitation in eastern near-equatorial
IO region.
? During April-May - early monsoon onset over
Kerala
? During March-April - enhanced seasonal
summer monsoon rainfall over peninsular India
than central and northern India.
• Study predicts El Nino-like events in the Indian
Ocean in the near future
? to pose another source of uncertainty in rainfall
prediction
? Expected to amplify the existing variability seen
in Indian monsoon
? This long-term change is forced by increasing GHG
emissions
? Indian ocean exhibited the altered state, in the
climatic interval nearly 21,000 years before
present, in the Last Glacial Maximum.
• At this period, the continental ice sheets
reached their maximum total mass in the last
ice age - the temperature near earth ’s surface
in unglaciated regions was around 5°C - Global
sea level was 125m below the modern levels.
Emergence of an equatorial mode of climate 
variability in the Indian Ocean
• Will be initiated remotely over the western 
Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea by an 
atmospheric circulation anomaly. 
• The interplay of the oceanic water 
movements will lead to difference in Sea 
Surface temperature in Eastern Equatorial 
Indian Ocean (EEIO). 
• Climatological warming of EEIO in the late 
boreal summer.
• This long-term change in Indian ocean, is 
forced by increasing GHG emissions. 
Page 4


28-06-2020
1
A A L Y S A L I S N
28- JU N E - 2020
S. No News Articles
Page Number* 
C B D H T
1
When the Indian Ocean’s ancient climate patterns return
13 11 11 11 11
2
RBI extends borrowing time for banks
12 10 10 10 10
3
Why is there a stress on randomised controlled trials? (FAQ) 14 12 12 12 12
4 S. China Sea rights should be rooted in UN treaty: ASEAN 11 9 9 9 9
5
Govt. approves use of dexamethasone 10 8 8 8 8
6
Prelims Practice Question(s)
7
Practice Mains Question
The Hindu News Analysis – 28
th
June 2020
  
28-06-2020
2
Pg: 13 – C; 11 – B, D, H, T; 
• News - Climate change could reawaken El Nino in
the Indian ocean, according to a study.
• El Nino and La Nina - interactions between the
atmosphere and ocean, in the tropical belt of the
Pacific Ocean.
• El Nino
? Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the central
and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean become
substantially higher than normal - associated with
changes in pressure pattern in the southern
oceans - called as Southern Oscillation – ENSO
• La Nina
? The cold phase of ENSO is La Nina - the sea
surface temperature in the central and eastern
tropical Pacific Ocean become lower than normal.
28-06-2020
3
• Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) - Difference in sea
surface temperature between the tropical
western Indian ocean area (Western Pole) in
the Arabian sea AND tropical southeastern
Indian Ocean area, south of Indonesia
(Eastern Pole) - involves oscillation.
? Positive phase - western pole is warmer
and eastern pole is cooler - droughts in
Indonesia region but heavy rainfall in
India.
? Negative Phase - Eastern pole is warmer
and western pole is cooler
? brings warmer water and greater
precipitation in eastern near-equatorial
IO region.
? During April-May - early monsoon onset over
Kerala
? During March-April - enhanced seasonal
summer monsoon rainfall over peninsular India
than central and northern India.
• Study predicts El Nino-like events in the Indian
Ocean in the near future
? to pose another source of uncertainty in rainfall
prediction
? Expected to amplify the existing variability seen
in Indian monsoon
? This long-term change is forced by increasing GHG
emissions
? Indian ocean exhibited the altered state, in the
climatic interval nearly 21,000 years before
present, in the Last Glacial Maximum.
• At this period, the continental ice sheets
reached their maximum total mass in the last
ice age - the temperature near earth ’s surface
in unglaciated regions was around 5°C - Global
sea level was 125m below the modern levels.
Emergence of an equatorial mode of climate 
variability in the Indian Ocean
• Will be initiated remotely over the western 
Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea by an 
atmospheric circulation anomaly. 
• The interplay of the oceanic water 
movements will lead to difference in Sea 
Surface temperature in Eastern Equatorial 
Indian Ocean (EEIO). 
• Climatological warming of EEIO in the late 
boreal summer.
• This long-term change in Indian ocean, is 
forced by increasing GHG emissions. 
28-06-2020
4
Foraminifera
• a microscopic zooplankton.
• By studying its shells, researchers concluded
about the EL Nino-like phenomena in the
Indian ocean in the past.
• Creates calcium carbonate (CaCO3) shells to
protect themselves – while making, they
incorporate oxygen from the ocean - shells
contain
16
O and
18
O isotopes of oxygen -
researchers arrived at the ocean temperature
at the time of the shell ’s creation.
Previous Year Question – Prelims 2017
Q. With reference to ‘Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)’
sometimes mentioned in the news while
forecasting Indian monsoon, which of the
following statements is/are correct?
1. IOD phenomenon is characterised by a
difference in sea surface temperature
between tropical Western Indian Ocean and
tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean.
2. An IOD phenomenon can influence an El
Nino’s impact on the monsoon.
Select the correct answer using the code given
below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Practice Question – Prelims
Q. Consider the following statements.
1. In the El Nino Event, the Sea Surface
Temperature (SST) in the central and
eastern tropical Pacific Ocean become
substantially lower than normal.
2. The isotope analysis of Foraminifera shell is
helpful in determining the ocean
temperature at the time of the shell's
creation.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Page 5


28-06-2020
1
A A L Y S A L I S N
28- JU N E - 2020
S. No News Articles
Page Number* 
C B D H T
1
When the Indian Ocean’s ancient climate patterns return
13 11 11 11 11
2
RBI extends borrowing time for banks
12 10 10 10 10
3
Why is there a stress on randomised controlled trials? (FAQ) 14 12 12 12 12
4 S. China Sea rights should be rooted in UN treaty: ASEAN 11 9 9 9 9
5
Govt. approves use of dexamethasone 10 8 8 8 8
6
Prelims Practice Question(s)
7
Practice Mains Question
The Hindu News Analysis – 28
th
June 2020
  
28-06-2020
2
Pg: 13 – C; 11 – B, D, H, T; 
• News - Climate change could reawaken El Nino in
the Indian ocean, according to a study.
• El Nino and La Nina - interactions between the
atmosphere and ocean, in the tropical belt of the
Pacific Ocean.
• El Nino
? Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the central
and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean become
substantially higher than normal - associated with
changes in pressure pattern in the southern
oceans - called as Southern Oscillation – ENSO
• La Nina
? The cold phase of ENSO is La Nina - the sea
surface temperature in the central and eastern
tropical Pacific Ocean become lower than normal.
28-06-2020
3
• Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) - Difference in sea
surface temperature between the tropical
western Indian ocean area (Western Pole) in
the Arabian sea AND tropical southeastern
Indian Ocean area, south of Indonesia
(Eastern Pole) - involves oscillation.
? Positive phase - western pole is warmer
and eastern pole is cooler - droughts in
Indonesia region but heavy rainfall in
India.
? Negative Phase - Eastern pole is warmer
and western pole is cooler
? brings warmer water and greater
precipitation in eastern near-equatorial
IO region.
? During April-May - early monsoon onset over
Kerala
? During March-April - enhanced seasonal
summer monsoon rainfall over peninsular India
than central and northern India.
• Study predicts El Nino-like events in the Indian
Ocean in the near future
? to pose another source of uncertainty in rainfall
prediction
? Expected to amplify the existing variability seen
in Indian monsoon
? This long-term change is forced by increasing GHG
emissions
? Indian ocean exhibited the altered state, in the
climatic interval nearly 21,000 years before
present, in the Last Glacial Maximum.
• At this period, the continental ice sheets
reached their maximum total mass in the last
ice age - the temperature near earth ’s surface
in unglaciated regions was around 5°C - Global
sea level was 125m below the modern levels.
Emergence of an equatorial mode of climate 
variability in the Indian Ocean
• Will be initiated remotely over the western 
Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea by an 
atmospheric circulation anomaly. 
• The interplay of the oceanic water 
movements will lead to difference in Sea 
Surface temperature in Eastern Equatorial 
Indian Ocean (EEIO). 
• Climatological warming of EEIO in the late 
boreal summer.
• This long-term change in Indian ocean, is 
forced by increasing GHG emissions. 
28-06-2020
4
Foraminifera
• a microscopic zooplankton.
• By studying its shells, researchers concluded
about the EL Nino-like phenomena in the
Indian ocean in the past.
• Creates calcium carbonate (CaCO3) shells to
protect themselves – while making, they
incorporate oxygen from the ocean - shells
contain
16
O and
18
O isotopes of oxygen -
researchers arrived at the ocean temperature
at the time of the shell ’s creation.
Previous Year Question – Prelims 2017
Q. With reference to ‘Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)’
sometimes mentioned in the news while
forecasting Indian monsoon, which of the
following statements is/are correct?
1. IOD phenomenon is characterised by a
difference in sea surface temperature
between tropical Western Indian Ocean and
tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean.
2. An IOD phenomenon can influence an El
Nino’s impact on the monsoon.
Select the correct answer using the code given
below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Practice Question – Prelims
Q. Consider the following statements.
1. In the El Nino Event, the Sea Surface
Temperature (SST) in the central and
eastern tropical Pacific Ocean become
substantially lower than normal.
2. The isotope analysis of Foraminifera shell is
helpful in determining the ocean
temperature at the time of the shell's
creation.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
28-06-2020
5
Pg: 12 – C; 10 – B, D, H, T; 
Credit and Monetary Policy of RBI
• It is the policy by which the desired level of
money flow and its demand is regulated.
• RBI uses several monetary instruments - CRR,
SLR, Repo and Reverse Repo and Marginal
Standing Facility rate etc.
• Primary objective of RBI ’s monetary policy is
to maintain sufficient liquidity in the market
and price stability.
News
• Borrowing limits of scheduled banks under the
Marginal Standing Facility scheme was increased
from 2 to 3% of their Net Demand and Time
Liabilities (NDTL).
? Now extended till September 30.
Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF)
• A facility extended by RBI to the scheduled
commercial banks and primary dealers to avail
of liquidity in case of requirement or park
excess funds with the RBI in case of excess
liquidity.
• LAF is on an overnight or term basis against
a collateral - such as Government Securities.
• Banks can borrow money by selling securities
to RBI at a predetermined rate - repo rate.
• Banks are permitted to borrow only a certain
percentage of its Net Demand and Time
Liabilities (NDTL).