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FAQs on Old NCERT Textbook (Bipan Chandra):Social and Cultural Awakening in the 1st Half of the 19th Century - Old & New NCERTs for IAS Preparation (Must Read) - UPSC

1. What was the significance of the social and cultural awakening in the first half of the 19th century?
Ans. The social and cultural awakening in the first half of the 19th century played a crucial role in shaping the Indian society and its transformation. It led to the rise of various reform movements, such as the abolition of sati, widow remarriage, and the promotion of women's education. This awakening also fostered a sense of national identity and pride, laying the foundation for the Indian freedom struggle against British colonial rule.
2. Who were the key figures of the social and cultural awakening in the first half of the 19th century?
Ans. The social and cultural awakening in the first half of the 19th century was spearheaded by several notable figures. Raja Ram Mohan Roy, often regarded as the "Father of Modern India," played a pivotal role in advocating social reforms and was a staunch supporter of women's rights. Other prominent figures include Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, who championed the cause of widow remarriage and women's education, and Swami Vivekananda, who revitalized Hinduism and promoted its universal message.
3. What were the major reform movements during the social and cultural awakening in the first half of the 19th century?
Ans. The social and cultural awakening in the first half of the 19th century witnessed several significant reform movements. The abolition of sati, the practice of burning widows on their husbands' funeral pyres, was a major achievement. Another significant movement was the promotion of widow remarriage, which challenged the prevailing social stigma associated with widows. The movement for women's education also gained momentum during this period, with efforts to establish schools and colleges for girls.
4. How did the social and cultural awakening contribute to the Indian freedom struggle?
Ans. The social and cultural awakening in the first half of the 19th century played a crucial role in laying the foundation for the Indian freedom struggle. It fostered a sense of national identity, pride, and unity among Indians, transcending regional and religious differences. The reform movements also created a platform for political activism, with many leaders of these movements becoming key figures in the later stages of the freedom struggle. The awakening also challenged the oppressive nature of British colonial rule and sowed the seeds of resistance.
5. What were the challenges faced by the social and cultural awakening in the first half of the 19th century?
Ans. The social and cultural awakening in the first half of the 19th century faced various challenges. Traditionalists and conservative elements within society resisted the reforms, often viewing them as a threat to established norms and practices. The British colonial administration, too, was skeptical of the movements and attempted to suppress them at times. Additionally, there were also internal divisions and disagreements among the reformers themselves, which hindered the progress of the awakening. Despite these challenges, the movements persevered and brought about significant social and cultural changes.
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