Components of Ecosystem | Environment for UPSC 2024 (Pre & Mains) PDF Download

 Page 1


COMPONENTS  
OF  
ECOSYSTEM 
Page 2


COMPONENTS  
OF  
ECOSYSTEM 
 
 
An ecosystem comprises of two basic 
components 
? Abiotic components and 
? Biotic components 
 
The relationship between the biotic 
components and abiotic components of an 
ecosystem is called 'holocoenosis' 
 
Page 3


COMPONENTS  
OF  
ECOSYSTEM 
 
 
An ecosystem comprises of two basic 
components 
? Abiotic components and 
? Biotic components 
 
The relationship between the biotic 
components and abiotic components of an 
ecosystem is called 'holocoenosis' 
 
ABIOTIC COMPONENTS 
Abiotic components of an ecosystem include all 
chemical and physical elements i.e. non-living 
components.  
Abiotic components can vary from region to 
region, from one ecosystem to another.  
They determine and restrict the population 
growth, number, and diversity of biotic 
factors in an ecosystem.  
Hence they are called limiting factors. 
 
Page 4


COMPONENTS  
OF  
ECOSYSTEM 
 
 
An ecosystem comprises of two basic 
components 
? Abiotic components and 
? Biotic components 
 
The relationship between the biotic 
components and abiotic components of an 
ecosystem is called 'holocoenosis' 
 
ABIOTIC COMPONENTS 
Abiotic components of an ecosystem include all 
chemical and physical elements i.e. non-living 
components.  
Abiotic components can vary from region to 
region, from one ecosystem to another.  
They determine and restrict the population 
growth, number, and diversity of biotic 
factors in an ecosystem.  
Hence they are called limiting factors. 
 
A terrestrial ecosystem consists of abiotic 
factors like climate, type of soil or rock, 
altitude, temperature, nutrients, and 
minerals,  
whereas abiotic components in an aquatic 
ecosystem include dissolved gases, depth of 
water, salinity, pH of water, light intensity etc. 
 
Page 5


COMPONENTS  
OF  
ECOSYSTEM 
 
 
An ecosystem comprises of two basic 
components 
? Abiotic components and 
? Biotic components 
 
The relationship between the biotic 
components and abiotic components of an 
ecosystem is called 'holocoenosis' 
 
ABIOTIC COMPONENTS 
Abiotic components of an ecosystem include all 
chemical and physical elements i.e. non-living 
components.  
Abiotic components can vary from region to 
region, from one ecosystem to another.  
They determine and restrict the population 
growth, number, and diversity of biotic 
factors in an ecosystem.  
Hence they are called limiting factors. 
 
A terrestrial ecosystem consists of abiotic 
factors like climate, type of soil or rock, 
altitude, temperature, nutrients, and 
minerals,  
whereas abiotic components in an aquatic 
ecosystem include dissolved gases, depth of 
water, salinity, pH of water, light intensity etc. 
 
Sunlight is the main source of energy on Earth, 
which makes it an extremely important 
abiotic factor.  
Sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis. 
Photosynthetically active radiation, often 
abbreviated PAR, designates the spectral 
range of solar radiation from 400 to 700 
nanometers that photosynthetic organisms 
are able to use in the process 
of photosynthesis. 
Of the incident solar radiation less than 50 per 
cent of it is photosynthetically active 
radiation (PAR).