Wetlands - Environment | Environment for UPSC 2026 (Pre & Mains) PDF Download

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WETLANDS 
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WETLANDS 
WETLANDS 
Wetlands occur where water meets land. 
 They include mangroves, peatlands and marshes, 
deltas, floodplains and flooded forests, rice-fields, 
and even coral reefs.  
Wetlands exist in every country and in every climatic 
zone, from the polar regions to the tropics, and from 
high altitudes to dry regions. 
Wetlands are areas with water that is static or flowing, 
fresh, brackish or saline, the depth of which at low 
tide does not exceed 6 m. 
These habitats experience periodic flooding from 
adjacent deep water habitats and therefore support 
plants and animals specifically adapted to such 
shallow flooding or water logging. 
Page 3


 
WETLANDS 
WETLANDS 
Wetlands occur where water meets land. 
 They include mangroves, peatlands and marshes, 
deltas, floodplains and flooded forests, rice-fields, 
and even coral reefs.  
Wetlands exist in every country and in every climatic 
zone, from the polar regions to the tropics, and from 
high altitudes to dry regions. 
Wetlands are areas with water that is static or flowing, 
fresh, brackish or saline, the depth of which at low 
tide does not exceed 6 m. 
These habitats experience periodic flooding from 
adjacent deep water habitats and therefore support 
plants and animals specifically adapted to such 
shallow flooding or water logging. 
Page 4


 
WETLANDS 
WETLANDS 
Wetlands occur where water meets land. 
 They include mangroves, peatlands and marshes, 
deltas, floodplains and flooded forests, rice-fields, 
and even coral reefs.  
Wetlands exist in every country and in every climatic 
zone, from the polar regions to the tropics, and from 
high altitudes to dry regions. 
Wetlands are areas with water that is static or flowing, 
fresh, brackish or saline, the depth of which at low 
tide does not exceed 6 m. 
These habitats experience periodic flooding from 
adjacent deep water habitats and therefore support 
plants and animals specifically adapted to such 
shallow flooding or water logging. 
 
PEATLAND 
Peatlands are wetlands with a thick water-logged soil layer 
made up of dead and decaying plant material. 
 
Page 5


 
WETLANDS 
WETLANDS 
Wetlands occur where water meets land. 
 They include mangroves, peatlands and marshes, 
deltas, floodplains and flooded forests, rice-fields, 
and even coral reefs.  
Wetlands exist in every country and in every climatic 
zone, from the polar regions to the tropics, and from 
high altitudes to dry regions. 
Wetlands are areas with water that is static or flowing, 
fresh, brackish or saline, the depth of which at low 
tide does not exceed 6 m. 
These habitats experience periodic flooding from 
adjacent deep water habitats and therefore support 
plants and animals specifically adapted to such 
shallow flooding or water logging. 
 
PEATLAND 
Peatlands are wetlands with a thick water-logged soil layer 
made up of dead and decaying plant material. 
 
TYPES OF WETLANDS