COP: 24 Katowice- 2 | Environment for UPSC 2026 (Pre & Mains) PDF Download

 Page 1


 
COP 24, KATOWICE, POLAND 
 
Page 2


 
COP 24, KATOWICE, POLAND 
 
OUTCOMES 
Paris Rulebook Agreed 
The rulebook covers a multitude of questions, 
such as how countries should report their 
greenhouse gas emissions or contributions to 
climate finance, as well as what rules should 
apply to voluntary market mechanisms, such 
as carbon trading. 
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COP 24, KATOWICE, POLAND 
 
OUTCOMES 
Paris Rulebook Agreed 
The rulebook covers a multitude of questions, 
such as how countries should report their 
greenhouse gas emissions or contributions to 
climate finance, as well as what rules should 
apply to voluntary market mechanisms, such 
as carbon trading. 
OUTCOMES 
Two common threads ran through each area of these 
areas.  
First, whether to agree a single set of rules for all 
countries with flexibility for those that need it or to 
maintain the current divide between rules for rich 
and poor. 
 This is referred to as “differentiation”, or sometimes 
“bifurcation”. 
The second thread was the provision of climate finance 
to help developing nations adapt to the impacts of 
global warming, mitigate their emissions and 
participate fully in the Paris process. 
 
Page 4


 
COP 24, KATOWICE, POLAND 
 
OUTCOMES 
Paris Rulebook Agreed 
The rulebook covers a multitude of questions, 
such as how countries should report their 
greenhouse gas emissions or contributions to 
climate finance, as well as what rules should 
apply to voluntary market mechanisms, such 
as carbon trading. 
OUTCOMES 
Two common threads ran through each area of these 
areas.  
First, whether to agree a single set of rules for all 
countries with flexibility for those that need it or to 
maintain the current divide between rules for rich 
and poor. 
 This is referred to as “differentiation”, or sometimes 
“bifurcation”. 
The second thread was the provision of climate finance 
to help developing nations adapt to the impacts of 
global warming, mitigate their emissions and 
participate fully in the Paris process. 
 
OUTCOMES 
Climate pledge guidance – Article 4 
Countries’ climate pledges (“nationally determined 
contributions”, NDCs) are mandated by Article 4 of 
the Paris Agreement.  
The rules around what should be in them are supposed 
to make it easier to compare pledges and to add them 
up as a global aggregate. 
To this end, the final decision says that all countries 
“shall” use the latest emissions accounting guidance 
from the IPCC, last updated in 2006, but now in the 
process of being refreshed next year. 
One significant difference between the 2006 guidance 
and earlier versions is an update to a higher “global 
warming potential” for methane. 
 
 
Page 5


 
COP 24, KATOWICE, POLAND 
 
OUTCOMES 
Paris Rulebook Agreed 
The rulebook covers a multitude of questions, 
such as how countries should report their 
greenhouse gas emissions or contributions to 
climate finance, as well as what rules should 
apply to voluntary market mechanisms, such 
as carbon trading. 
OUTCOMES 
Two common threads ran through each area of these 
areas.  
First, whether to agree a single set of rules for all 
countries with flexibility for those that need it or to 
maintain the current divide between rules for rich 
and poor. 
 This is referred to as “differentiation”, or sometimes 
“bifurcation”. 
The second thread was the provision of climate finance 
to help developing nations adapt to the impacts of 
global warming, mitigate their emissions and 
participate fully in the Paris process. 
 
OUTCOMES 
Climate pledge guidance – Article 4 
Countries’ climate pledges (“nationally determined 
contributions”, NDCs) are mandated by Article 4 of 
the Paris Agreement.  
The rules around what should be in them are supposed 
to make it easier to compare pledges and to add them 
up as a global aggregate. 
To this end, the final decision says that all countries 
“shall” use the latest emissions accounting guidance 
from the IPCC, last updated in 2006, but now in the 
process of being refreshed next year. 
One significant difference between the 2006 guidance 
and earlier versions is an update to a higher “global 
warming potential” for methane. 
 
 
OUTCOMES 
Climate pledge guidance – Article 4 
Additionally, countries agreed that their pledges 
will be recorded in a public registry, based on 
the existing interim portal.  
This will continue to include a search function, 
despite attempts to have it removed. 
There was also agreement that pledges should 
cover a “common timeframe” from 2031, with 
the number of years to be agreed later.  
Some current pledges cover five years while others 
cover 10.