Kigali Agreement | Environment for UPSC 2024 (Pre & Mains) PDF Download

 Page 1


KIGALI AGREEMENT 
Page 2


KIGALI AGREEMENT 
INTRODUCTION 
Kigali agreement is legally binding agreement 
dealing with limiting the emission of HFC by 85% 
by 2045.  
 It will come into force from 1 January 2019. 
This phase down is expected to arrest the global 
average temperature rise up to 0.5
o 
C by 2100. 
Kigali agreement is an amendment to Montreal 
Protocol. 
HFCs are mainly used in refrigerant and air 
conditioning gases and are major contributor for 
global warming. 
 
 
 
Page 3


KIGALI AGREEMENT 
INTRODUCTION 
Kigali agreement is legally binding agreement 
dealing with limiting the emission of HFC by 85% 
by 2045.  
 It will come into force from 1 January 2019. 
This phase down is expected to arrest the global 
average temperature rise up to 0.5
o 
C by 2100. 
Kigali agreement is an amendment to Montreal 
Protocol. 
HFCs are mainly used in refrigerant and air 
conditioning gases and are major contributor for 
global warming. 
 
 
 
Page 4


KIGALI AGREEMENT 
INTRODUCTION 
Kigali agreement is legally binding agreement 
dealing with limiting the emission of HFC by 85% 
by 2045.  
 It will come into force from 1 January 2019. 
This phase down is expected to arrest the global 
average temperature rise up to 0.5
o 
C by 2100. 
Kigali agreement is an amendment to Montreal 
Protocol. 
HFCs are mainly used in refrigerant and air 
conditioning gases and are major contributor for 
global warming. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SIGNIFICANCE 
 
Prevention of additional 0.5°C warming expected to be 
caused by HFCs which are much more  potent greenhouse 
emitters than CO2 and are also dangerously increasing up 
to 10% each year. 
Cope up with increased demand for cooling because of Fast 
expanding middle class and hot climates of developing 
countries. 
Agreement is legally binding. 
 Will provide development of super-efficient, cost effective 
cooling technologies 
 Kigali Agreement is the single largest contribution of world 
towards Paris agreement of limiting the temperature rise 
below 2°C 
It has generated a wave of awareness, because there were 
many who till now were not aware of what actually HFCs 
are. 
 
Page 5


KIGALI AGREEMENT 
INTRODUCTION 
Kigali agreement is legally binding agreement 
dealing with limiting the emission of HFC by 85% 
by 2045.  
 It will come into force from 1 January 2019. 
This phase down is expected to arrest the global 
average temperature rise up to 0.5
o 
C by 2100. 
Kigali agreement is an amendment to Montreal 
Protocol. 
HFCs are mainly used in refrigerant and air 
conditioning gases and are major contributor for 
global warming. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SIGNIFICANCE 
 
Prevention of additional 0.5°C warming expected to be 
caused by HFCs which are much more  potent greenhouse 
emitters than CO2 and are also dangerously increasing up 
to 10% each year. 
Cope up with increased demand for cooling because of Fast 
expanding middle class and hot climates of developing 
countries. 
Agreement is legally binding. 
 Will provide development of super-efficient, cost effective 
cooling technologies 
 Kigali Agreement is the single largest contribution of world 
towards Paris agreement of limiting the temperature rise 
below 2°C 
It has generated a wave of awareness, because there were 
many who till now were not aware of what actually HFCs 
are. 
 
DIFFERENT TIMELINES 
All signatory countries have been divided into three groups with 
different timelines to go about reductions of HFCs. 
 This agreement shows a new form of grouping 
First group 
 It includes richest countries like US and those in European Union 
(EU).  
They will freeze production and consumption of HFCs by 2018.  
They will reduce them to about 15% of 2012 levels by 2036. 
 Second group 
 It includes countries like China, Brazil and all of Africa etc.  
They will freeze HFC use by 2024 and cut it to 20% of 2021 levels by 
2045. 
 Third group 
 It includes countries India, Pakistan, Pakistan, Iran, Saudi Arabia etc.  
They will be freezing HFC use by 2028 and reducing it to about 15% of 
2025 levels by 2047.