India & United Nations | International Relations for UPSC 2024 (Pre & Mains) PDF Download

 Page 1


 
India &  
United Nations 
(International 
Relations) 
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Page 2


 
India &  
United Nations 
(International 
Relations) 
Visit our website www.sleepyclasses.com or  
our YouTube channel for entire GS Course  FREE  of cost 
Also Available: Prelims Crash Course || Prelims T est Series 
1. Organs 1 .............................................................................................................
General Assembly 1 .....................................................................................................
Security Council 2 ........................................................................................................
Economic & Social Council 2 ....................................................................................
Trusteeship Council 2 .................................................................................................
International Court of Justice 2 .............................................................................
Secretariat 3 ...................................................................................................................
2. Specialised Agencies 3 .................................................................................
Funds & Programmes 3 ..............................................................................................
Specialised Agencies 3 ...............................................................................................
3. Sanctions 4 ........................................................................................................
4. India And UN 4 ................................................................................................
History 5 ..........................................................................................................................
Contribution in Peacekeeping Missions 5 ..........................................................
Achievements 6 .............................................................................................................
5. India’s role in Evolution of UN 6 ...............................................................
6. Way Forward 8 ................................................................................................
7. Conclusion 8 .....................................................................................................
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T able of Contents
Page 3


 
India &  
United Nations 
(International 
Relations) 
Visit our website www.sleepyclasses.com or  
our YouTube channel for entire GS Course  FREE  of cost 
Also Available: Prelims Crash Course || Prelims T est Series 
1. Organs 1 .............................................................................................................
General Assembly 1 .....................................................................................................
Security Council 2 ........................................................................................................
Economic & Social Council 2 ....................................................................................
Trusteeship Council 2 .................................................................................................
International Court of Justice 2 .............................................................................
Secretariat 3 ...................................................................................................................
2. Specialised Agencies 3 .................................................................................
Funds & Programmes 3 ..............................................................................................
Specialised Agencies 3 ...............................................................................................
3. Sanctions 4 ........................................................................................................
4. India And UN 4 ................................................................................................
History 5 ..........................................................................................................................
Contribution in Peacekeeping Missions 5 ..........................................................
Achievements 6 .............................................................................................................
5. India’s role in Evolution of UN 6 ...............................................................
6. Way Forward 8 ................................................................................................
7. Conclusion 8 .....................................................................................................
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T able of Contents United Nations Organisation 
• United Nations Charter was signed at a conference in San Francisco in June 1945, led by four 
countries: Britain, China, Soviet Union and United States.  
• It is currently made up of 193 Member States 
• Due to the powers vested in its Charter and its unique international character, the United Nations can 
take action on the issues confronting humanity in the 21st century, such as peace and security, climate 
change, sustainable development, human rights, disarmament, terrorism, humanitarian and health 
emergencies, gender equality, governance, food production, and more. 
• UN also provides a forum for its members to express their views in the General Assembly, the 
Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, and other bodies and committees. By enabling 
dialogue between its members, and by hosting negotiations, the Organization has become a 
mechanism for governments to ?nd areas of agreement and solve problems together. 
• 2020 marks the 75th anniversary of the United Nations. 
• There are six of?cial languages of the UN.  These are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and 
Spanish. 
1. Organs 
The main organs of the UN are  
• the General Assembly,  
• the Security Council,  
• the Economic and Social Council,  
• the Trusteeship Council,  
•
the International Court of Justice, and  
• the UN Secretariat 
All were established in 1945 when the UN was founded 
General Assembly 
• Main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ 
• All 193 members represented here, making it the only UN body will universal representation 
•
Decisions on important questions, such as those on peace and security, admission of new members 
and budgetary matters, require a two-thirds majority of the General Assembly. Decisions on other 
questions are by simple majority 
• The General Assembly, each year, elects a GA President to serve a one-year term of of?ce 
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 1
Page 4


 
India &  
United Nations 
(International 
Relations) 
Visit our website www.sleepyclasses.com or  
our YouTube channel for entire GS Course  FREE  of cost 
Also Available: Prelims Crash Course || Prelims T est Series 
1. Organs 1 .............................................................................................................
General Assembly 1 .....................................................................................................
Security Council 2 ........................................................................................................
Economic & Social Council 2 ....................................................................................
Trusteeship Council 2 .................................................................................................
International Court of Justice 2 .............................................................................
Secretariat 3 ...................................................................................................................
2. Specialised Agencies 3 .................................................................................
Funds & Programmes 3 ..............................................................................................
Specialised Agencies 3 ...............................................................................................
3. Sanctions 4 ........................................................................................................
4. India And UN 4 ................................................................................................
History 5 ..........................................................................................................................
Contribution in Peacekeeping Missions 5 ..........................................................
Achievements 6 .............................................................................................................
5. India’s role in Evolution of UN 6 ...............................................................
6. Way Forward 8 ................................................................................................
7. Conclusion 8 .....................................................................................................
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T able of Contents United Nations Organisation 
• United Nations Charter was signed at a conference in San Francisco in June 1945, led by four 
countries: Britain, China, Soviet Union and United States.  
• It is currently made up of 193 Member States 
• Due to the powers vested in its Charter and its unique international character, the United Nations can 
take action on the issues confronting humanity in the 21st century, such as peace and security, climate 
change, sustainable development, human rights, disarmament, terrorism, humanitarian and health 
emergencies, gender equality, governance, food production, and more. 
• UN also provides a forum for its members to express their views in the General Assembly, the 
Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, and other bodies and committees. By enabling 
dialogue between its members, and by hosting negotiations, the Organization has become a 
mechanism for governments to ?nd areas of agreement and solve problems together. 
• 2020 marks the 75th anniversary of the United Nations. 
• There are six of?cial languages of the UN.  These are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and 
Spanish. 
1. Organs 
The main organs of the UN are  
• the General Assembly,  
• the Security Council,  
• the Economic and Social Council,  
• the Trusteeship Council,  
•
the International Court of Justice, and  
• the UN Secretariat 
All were established in 1945 when the UN was founded 
General Assembly 
• Main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ 
• All 193 members represented here, making it the only UN body will universal representation 
•
Decisions on important questions, such as those on peace and security, admission of new members 
and budgetary matters, require a two-thirds majority of the General Assembly. Decisions on other 
questions are by simple majority 
• The General Assembly, each year, elects a GA President to serve a one-year term of of?ce 
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 1
Security Council 
• It has the primary responsibility under the UN Charter for maintenance of international peace and 
security  
• 15 members (5 Permanent + 10 Non-permanent) 
•
Security Council takes the lead in determining the existence of a threat to the peace or act of 
aggression 
• Security Council can resort to imposing sanctions or even authorize the use of force to maintain or 
restore international peace and security 
• The Security Council has a Presidency, which rotates, and changes, every month 
Economic & Social Council 
•
Principal body for coordination, policy review, policy dialogue and recommendations on economic, 
social and environmental issues, as well as implementation of internationally agreed development 
goals 
•
Serves as the central mechanism for activities of the UN system and its specialized agencies in the 
economic, social and environmental ?elds, supervising subsidiary and expert bodies 
•
It has 54 members, elected by the General Assembly for overlapping three-year terms 
• It is the United Nations’ central platform for re?ection, debate, and innovative thinking on sustainable 
development 
Trusteeship Council 
•
Established to provide international supervision for 11 Trust T erritories that had been placed under 
the administration of seven Member States, and ensure that adequate steps were taken to prepare 
the T erritories for self-government and independence 
• By 1994, all Trust T erritories had attained self-government or independence 
• The Trusteeship Council suspended operation on 1 November 1994. By a resolution adopted on 25 
May 1994, the Council amended its rules of procedure to drop the obligation to meet annually and 
agreed to meet as occasion required -- by its decision or the decision of its President, or at the request 
of a majority of its members or the General Assembly or the Security Council 
International Court of Justice 
• Principal judicial organ of the United Nations 
• Its seat is at the Peace Palace in the Hague (Netherlands) 
?It is the only one of the six principal organs of the United Nations not located in New York (United 
States of America) 
•
The Court’s role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by 
States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations 
organs and specialized agencies. 
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Page 5


 
India &  
United Nations 
(International 
Relations) 
Visit our website www.sleepyclasses.com or  
our YouTube channel for entire GS Course  FREE  of cost 
Also Available: Prelims Crash Course || Prelims T est Series 
1. Organs 1 .............................................................................................................
General Assembly 1 .....................................................................................................
Security Council 2 ........................................................................................................
Economic & Social Council 2 ....................................................................................
Trusteeship Council 2 .................................................................................................
International Court of Justice 2 .............................................................................
Secretariat 3 ...................................................................................................................
2. Specialised Agencies 3 .................................................................................
Funds & Programmes 3 ..............................................................................................
Specialised Agencies 3 ...............................................................................................
3. Sanctions 4 ........................................................................................................
4. India And UN 4 ................................................................................................
History 5 ..........................................................................................................................
Contribution in Peacekeeping Missions 5 ..........................................................
Achievements 6 .............................................................................................................
5. India’s role in Evolution of UN 6 ...............................................................
6. Way Forward 8 ................................................................................................
7. Conclusion 8 .....................................................................................................
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T able of Contents United Nations Organisation 
• United Nations Charter was signed at a conference in San Francisco in June 1945, led by four 
countries: Britain, China, Soviet Union and United States.  
• It is currently made up of 193 Member States 
• Due to the powers vested in its Charter and its unique international character, the United Nations can 
take action on the issues confronting humanity in the 21st century, such as peace and security, climate 
change, sustainable development, human rights, disarmament, terrorism, humanitarian and health 
emergencies, gender equality, governance, food production, and more. 
• UN also provides a forum for its members to express their views in the General Assembly, the 
Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, and other bodies and committees. By enabling 
dialogue between its members, and by hosting negotiations, the Organization has become a 
mechanism for governments to ?nd areas of agreement and solve problems together. 
• 2020 marks the 75th anniversary of the United Nations. 
• There are six of?cial languages of the UN.  These are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and 
Spanish. 
1. Organs 
The main organs of the UN are  
• the General Assembly,  
• the Security Council,  
• the Economic and Social Council,  
• the Trusteeship Council,  
•
the International Court of Justice, and  
• the UN Secretariat 
All were established in 1945 when the UN was founded 
General Assembly 
• Main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ 
• All 193 members represented here, making it the only UN body will universal representation 
•
Decisions on important questions, such as those on peace and security, admission of new members 
and budgetary matters, require a two-thirds majority of the General Assembly. Decisions on other 
questions are by simple majority 
• The General Assembly, each year, elects a GA President to serve a one-year term of of?ce 
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 1
Security Council 
• It has the primary responsibility under the UN Charter for maintenance of international peace and 
security  
• 15 members (5 Permanent + 10 Non-permanent) 
•
Security Council takes the lead in determining the existence of a threat to the peace or act of 
aggression 
• Security Council can resort to imposing sanctions or even authorize the use of force to maintain or 
restore international peace and security 
• The Security Council has a Presidency, which rotates, and changes, every month 
Economic & Social Council 
•
Principal body for coordination, policy review, policy dialogue and recommendations on economic, 
social and environmental issues, as well as implementation of internationally agreed development 
goals 
•
Serves as the central mechanism for activities of the UN system and its specialized agencies in the 
economic, social and environmental ?elds, supervising subsidiary and expert bodies 
•
It has 54 members, elected by the General Assembly for overlapping three-year terms 
• It is the United Nations’ central platform for re?ection, debate, and innovative thinking on sustainable 
development 
Trusteeship Council 
•
Established to provide international supervision for 11 Trust T erritories that had been placed under 
the administration of seven Member States, and ensure that adequate steps were taken to prepare 
the T erritories for self-government and independence 
• By 1994, all Trust T erritories had attained self-government or independence 
• The Trusteeship Council suspended operation on 1 November 1994. By a resolution adopted on 25 
May 1994, the Council amended its rules of procedure to drop the obligation to meet annually and 
agreed to meet as occasion required -- by its decision or the decision of its President, or at the request 
of a majority of its members or the General Assembly or the Security Council 
International Court of Justice 
• Principal judicial organ of the United Nations 
• Its seat is at the Peace Palace in the Hague (Netherlands) 
?It is the only one of the six principal organs of the United Nations not located in New York (United 
States of America) 
•
The Court’s role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by 
States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations 
organs and specialized agencies. 
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 2
Secretariat  
• It comprises the Secretary-General and tens of thousands of international UN staff members who 
carry out the day-to-day work of the UN as mandated by the General Assembly and the 
Organization's other principal organs.   
•
The Secretary-General is chief administrative of?cer of the Organization, appointed by the General 
Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council for a ?ve-year, renewable term 
• UN staff members are recruited internationally and locally, and work in duty stations and on 
peacekeeping missions all around the world 
2. Specialised Agencies 
The UN system, also known unof?cially as the 'UN family' , is made up of the UN itself and many 
programmes, funds, and specialized agencies, all with their own leadership and budget.  The programmes 
and funds are ?nanced through voluntary rather than assessed contributions. The Specialized Agencies are 
independent international organizations funded by both voluntary and assessed contributions. 
Funds & Programmes 
1. UNDP (NYC, USA): Helps eradicate poverty, reduce inequalities and build resilience so countries can 
sustain progress. It is UN’s development agency and plays a critical role in helping countries achieve 
Sustainable Development Goals 
2. UNEP (Nairobi, Kenya): Est. in 1972, it acts as a catalyst, advocate, educator and facilitator to 
promote the wise use and sustainable development of the global environment 
3. UNFPA (NYC, USA): United National Population Fund is the lead UN agency for delivering a world 
where every pregnancy is wanted, every birth is safe, and every young person's potential is ful?lled 
4. UN-Habitat (Nairobi, Kenya): United Nations Human Settlements Programme aim to promote 
socially and environmentally sustainable human settlements development and the achievement of 
adequate shelter for all 
5. UNICEF (NYC, USA): Save children’s lives, to defend their rights, and to help them ful?l their 
potential, from early childhood through adolescence 
6. WFP (Rome, Italy): Eradicate hunger and malnutrition.  It is the world’s largest humanitarian agency. 
Every year, the programme feeds almost 80 million people in around 75 countries 
Specialised Agencies 
1. FAO (Rome, Italy): It leads international efforts to ?ght hunger. It is both a forum for negotiating 
agreements between developing and developed countries and a source of technical knowledge and 
information to aid development 
2. ICAO (Montreal, Canada): It develops standards for global air transport and assists its 192 Member 
States in sharing the world’s skies to their socio-economic bene?t 
3. ILO (Geneva, Switzerland): It promotes international labor rights by formulating international 
standards on the freedom to associate, collective bargaining, the abolition of forced labor, and 
equality of opportunity and treatment 
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