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Chapter -1
Sociology - The Discipline
1. Modernity and social changes in europe and 
emergence of sociology.
2. Scope of the subject and comparison with 
other social sciences.
3. Sociology and common sense.
Page 2


Chapter -1
Sociology - The Discipline
1. Modernity and social changes in europe and 
emergence of sociology.
2. Scope of the subject and comparison with 
other social sciences.
3. Sociology and common sense.
1. 
Modernity and Social Changes in 
Europe 
and 
Emergence of Sociology.
Page 3


Chapter -1
Sociology - The Discipline
1. Modernity and social changes in europe and 
emergence of sociology.
2. Scope of the subject and comparison with 
other social sciences.
3. Sociology and common sense.
1. 
Modernity and Social Changes in 
Europe 
and 
Emergence of Sociology.
Imagine it like this
Enlightenment ?
Change on Societal Level because of various reasons ?
‘Rise of Modern Societies’ ?
Problems and Reactions associated with it ?
Search for solutions ?
Rise of Sociology as a BoK
Page 4


Chapter -1
Sociology - The Discipline
1. Modernity and social changes in europe and 
emergence of sociology.
2. Scope of the subject and comparison with 
other social sciences.
3. Sociology and common sense.
1. 
Modernity and Social Changes in 
Europe 
and 
Emergence of Sociology.
Imagine it like this
Enlightenment ?
Change on Societal Level because of various reasons ?
‘Rise of Modern Societies’ ?
Problems and Reactions associated with it ?
Search for solutions ?
Rise of Sociology as a BoK
We’ll discuss these things in detail
to look for various factors and prepare
for various questions that can be asked
Page 5


Chapter -1
Sociology - The Discipline
1. Modernity and social changes in europe and 
emergence of sociology.
2. Scope of the subject and comparison with 
other social sciences.
3. Sociology and common sense.
1. 
Modernity and Social Changes in 
Europe 
and 
Emergence of Sociology.
Imagine it like this
Enlightenment ?
Change on Societal Level because of various reasons ?
‘Rise of Modern Societies’ ?
Problems and Reactions associated with it ?
Search for solutions ?
Rise of Sociology as a BoK
We’ll discuss these things in detail
to look for various factors and prepare
for various questions that can be asked
1) Age of enlightenment:
- Belief that people could comprehend and control the universe by means of reason and 
empirical research
- Belief of universal social laws
- Society can be made better
2) New invention, discoveries
3) Revolutions
- Political
- Economic
- Social
- Commercial
- Intellectual
Read More
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FAQs on Notes: The Discipline- 1 - Sociology Mains Optional for UPSC 2024

1. What is the UPSC exam?
Ans. The UPSC exam, also known as the Union Public Service Commission exam, is a competitive examination conducted by the central government of India. It is held for the recruitment of various civil services positions in the country, including the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Police Service (IPS), and Indian Foreign Service (IFS), among others.
2. How can I apply for the UPSC exam?
Ans. To apply for the UPSC exam, candidates need to visit the official website of the Union Public Service Commission. The application process is conducted online. Candidates are required to fill out the application form, upload necessary documents, and pay the application fee as mentioned in the official notification. Detailed instructions and guidelines are provided on the UPSC website for the application process.
3. What is the eligibility criteria for the UPSC exam?
Ans. The eligibility criteria for the UPSC exam are as follows: - Nationality: The candidate must be a citizen of India, a subject of Nepal, or a subject of Bhutan. - Age limit: The candidate must be between 21 and 32 years of age, with certain relaxations for reserved category candidates. - Educational qualification: The candidate must hold a bachelor's degree from a recognized university or possess an equivalent qualification. - Attempts limit: The number of attempts for the UPSC exam varies based on the candidate's category. General category candidates can attempt the exam six times, while there are relaxations for reserved category candidates.
4. What is the exam pattern for the UPSC exam?
Ans. The UPSC exam consists of three stages: 1. Preliminary Examination (Prelims): It comprises two objective-type papers - General Studies Paper-I and General Studies Paper-II (CSAT). Only the marks obtained in General Studies Paper-I are considered for qualifying to the next stage. 2. Main Examination (Mains): It consists of nine descriptive papers, including one qualifying paper and seven papers that are counted for ranking. The qualifying paper is on Indian languages, while the other papers cover various subjects such as essay, general studies, optional subjects, etc. 3. Personality Test (Interview): Candidates who qualify the Mains examination are called for a personal interview to assess their personality, mental alertness, critical thinking, and other traits.
5. How should I prepare for the UPSC exam?
Ans. Here are some tips to prepare for the UPSC exam: - Understand the syllabus and exam pattern thoroughly. - Create a study schedule and allocate sufficient time to each subject. - Read newspapers and stay updated with current affairs. - Refer to standard books and study materials recommended by experts. - Practice previous years' question papers and take mock tests regularly. - Develop a strong conceptual understanding and focus on analytical skills. - Stay motivated and maintain a positive attitude throughout the preparation journey. - Seek guidance from experienced mentors or join coaching institutes if required.
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