Notes: Education & Social Change | Sociology Mains Optional for UPSC 2024 PDF Download

 Page 1


 
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Education and Social Change 
 
Education helps in changing basic outlook of a person towards society.  
Education changes the established patterns of social relationships, attitude/values of a person 
and also structure of society 
Thus, Education changes ? Established Patterned, Values, Structure of Society. 
 
Objectives of Education: 
• Pursuit of man to know himself and the universe and to relate himself with the social world 
• Building bridges b/w past and future 
• Accelerating the process of human progress 
• Integral growth of personality traits like intelligence, skill 
• Development in terms of man's condition of life , i.e. , development of both individual and 
society 
• Generating and strengthening harmony and peace 
• Develop Critical thinking 
• Develop tolerance to diverse ideas 
• To know more and more by spending less and less 
• Creates favourable attitude to acceptance of skills 
• Upgradation of skills 
• Focuses attention leading to change e.g. Ecology book now-a-days will affect future 
• Creates awareness 
• Brings change in terms of gender equality 
 
 
Types: 
It Involves – 
• Formal education – Given in schools, universities, etc. 
• Informal - Mass media, family, peers, etc. 
 
 
 
 
Page 2


 
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
https://testseries.sleepyclasses.com/ 
Sleepy Classes 
Education and Social Change 
 
Education helps in changing basic outlook of a person towards society.  
Education changes the established patterns of social relationships, attitude/values of a person 
and also structure of society 
Thus, Education changes ? Established Patterned, Values, Structure of Society. 
 
Objectives of Education: 
• Pursuit of man to know himself and the universe and to relate himself with the social world 
• Building bridges b/w past and future 
• Accelerating the process of human progress 
• Integral growth of personality traits like intelligence, skill 
• Development in terms of man's condition of life , i.e. , development of both individual and 
society 
• Generating and strengthening harmony and peace 
• Develop Critical thinking 
• Develop tolerance to diverse ideas 
• To know more and more by spending less and less 
• Creates favourable attitude to acceptance of skills 
• Upgradation of skills 
• Focuses attention leading to change e.g. Ecology book now-a-days will affect future 
• Creates awareness 
• Brings change in terms of gender equality 
 
 
Types: 
It Involves – 
• Formal education – Given in schools, universities, etc. 
• Informal - Mass media, family, peers, etc. 
 
 
 
 
 
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
https://testseries.sleepyclasses.com/ 
Sleepy Classes 
 
Education in Past 
 
In India during British period, education aimed at producing mainly clerks.  
Education was student-centred rather teacher-centred.  
Christian missionaries engaged in imparting education gave considerable importance to conversion 
of religion.  
Education in school and colleges was not productive which could break down the social, regional 
and linguistic barriers.  
It never aimed at making people masters of technology. It also did not focus on fighting injustice, 
intolerance and superstition. 
 
Education in Present Times 
- Oriented towards promoting values of an urban , competitive consumer society.  
- Education aimed at freedom of individual, excellence of individual, equality amongst all 
people, individual and self reliance and national cohesion. 
 
Education for Future 
• Emphasis must shift from higher secondary and higher education to primary and adult 
education 
• Focus on inventing and re-inventing 
• Service sector oriented 
• Technologically driven 
• Content at university level education needs serious consideration 
• Problem of accountability of teachers needs to be addressed 
• Greater seriousness regarding studies among students 
• Push to vocational/professional courses 
• Issue of making all illiterate persons literate 
• Reducing number of drop-outs 
• Present examination system needs to be improved 
 
Education plays both consecutive & Radical role.  
Karl Mannheim -> Education need to be critical.  
Page 3


 
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
https://testseries.sleepyclasses.com/ 
Sleepy Classes 
Education and Social Change 
 
Education helps in changing basic outlook of a person towards society.  
Education changes the established patterns of social relationships, attitude/values of a person 
and also structure of society 
Thus, Education changes ? Established Patterned, Values, Structure of Society. 
 
Objectives of Education: 
• Pursuit of man to know himself and the universe and to relate himself with the social world 
• Building bridges b/w past and future 
• Accelerating the process of human progress 
• Integral growth of personality traits like intelligence, skill 
• Development in terms of man's condition of life , i.e. , development of both individual and 
society 
• Generating and strengthening harmony and peace 
• Develop Critical thinking 
• Develop tolerance to diverse ideas 
• To know more and more by spending less and less 
• Creates favourable attitude to acceptance of skills 
• Upgradation of skills 
• Focuses attention leading to change e.g. Ecology book now-a-days will affect future 
• Creates awareness 
• Brings change in terms of gender equality 
 
 
Types: 
It Involves – 
• Formal education – Given in schools, universities, etc. 
• Informal - Mass media, family, peers, etc. 
 
 
 
 
 
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
https://testseries.sleepyclasses.com/ 
Sleepy Classes 
 
Education in Past 
 
In India during British period, education aimed at producing mainly clerks.  
Education was student-centred rather teacher-centred.  
Christian missionaries engaged in imparting education gave considerable importance to conversion 
of religion.  
Education in school and colleges was not productive which could break down the social, regional 
and linguistic barriers.  
It never aimed at making people masters of technology. It also did not focus on fighting injustice, 
intolerance and superstition. 
 
Education in Present Times 
- Oriented towards promoting values of an urban , competitive consumer society.  
- Education aimed at freedom of individual, excellence of individual, equality amongst all 
people, individual and self reliance and national cohesion. 
 
Education for Future 
• Emphasis must shift from higher secondary and higher education to primary and adult 
education 
• Focus on inventing and re-inventing 
• Service sector oriented 
• Technologically driven 
• Content at university level education needs serious consideration 
• Problem of accountability of teachers needs to be addressed 
• Greater seriousness regarding studies among students 
• Push to vocational/professional courses 
• Issue of making all illiterate persons literate 
• Reducing number of drop-outs 
• Present examination system needs to be improved 
 
Education plays both consecutive & Radical role.  
Karl Mannheim -> Education need to be critical.  
 
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
https://testseries.sleepyclasses.com/ 
Sleepy Classes 
Steve Lukes -> 3
rd
 Power promoted through education.  
Marx -> Promotes dominant class ideology.  
Education Divides can be seen in the following aspects- 
• Caste related  
• Gender -> undereducated/undernourished  
• Class  
• Elite (“Harijan Elite” -> Sachidanand Sinha “Tribal Elite” -> SD Badgaiyyan  
• Taboo based -> HIV parents, children  
• Religion ? Sachar committee, Ranganath Mishra Committee - Muslims denied entry in 
schools in Ahmedabad. 
 
Changes brought by education can understood at following levels;  
(Changes brought)-> PESTEL Change  
• Political change : values for democracy , equitable rights , duties 
• Economical change : more employment , less burden on agriculture , more SMEs 
• Social Change : literacy , awareness for health and sanitation , decrease in supertious beliefs 
• Environmental change : e.g. chipkoo movement 
• Technological change : defence , communication etc. 
• Ideological change : anti - superstitious movements in Maharashtra 
 
K. Ahmad (1974) -- formal education can play a vital role in 'ideational' change through 
transformation of knowledge , attitudes and values of the people , its effectiveness in bringing about 
structural changes in society is extremely limited . This is because of the linkages between the 
existing practices and procedures in education and vested interests of the status - quoists. 
 
A.R.Desai has questioned the validity of education as an instrument of social change.  
His contention is that after Independence, education has not been purposively geared to obtain the 
desired changes.  
He has criticised the policies and funding and financing of education to attain the goals of social 
mobility and equality.  
Examples: education of SC,ST , Women failed in uplifting their status, unemployment and under-
employment of educated youth. 
Page 4


 
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
https://testseries.sleepyclasses.com/ 
Sleepy Classes 
Education and Social Change 
 
Education helps in changing basic outlook of a person towards society.  
Education changes the established patterns of social relationships, attitude/values of a person 
and also structure of society 
Thus, Education changes ? Established Patterned, Values, Structure of Society. 
 
Objectives of Education: 
• Pursuit of man to know himself and the universe and to relate himself with the social world 
• Building bridges b/w past and future 
• Accelerating the process of human progress 
• Integral growth of personality traits like intelligence, skill 
• Development in terms of man's condition of life , i.e. , development of both individual and 
society 
• Generating and strengthening harmony and peace 
• Develop Critical thinking 
• Develop tolerance to diverse ideas 
• To know more and more by spending less and less 
• Creates favourable attitude to acceptance of skills 
• Upgradation of skills 
• Focuses attention leading to change e.g. Ecology book now-a-days will affect future 
• Creates awareness 
• Brings change in terms of gender equality 
 
 
Types: 
It Involves – 
• Formal education – Given in schools, universities, etc. 
• Informal - Mass media, family, peers, etc. 
 
 
 
 
 
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
https://testseries.sleepyclasses.com/ 
Sleepy Classes 
 
Education in Past 
 
In India during British period, education aimed at producing mainly clerks.  
Education was student-centred rather teacher-centred.  
Christian missionaries engaged in imparting education gave considerable importance to conversion 
of religion.  
Education in school and colleges was not productive which could break down the social, regional 
and linguistic barriers.  
It never aimed at making people masters of technology. It also did not focus on fighting injustice, 
intolerance and superstition. 
 
Education in Present Times 
- Oriented towards promoting values of an urban , competitive consumer society.  
- Education aimed at freedom of individual, excellence of individual, equality amongst all 
people, individual and self reliance and national cohesion. 
 
Education for Future 
• Emphasis must shift from higher secondary and higher education to primary and adult 
education 
• Focus on inventing and re-inventing 
• Service sector oriented 
• Technologically driven 
• Content at university level education needs serious consideration 
• Problem of accountability of teachers needs to be addressed 
• Greater seriousness regarding studies among students 
• Push to vocational/professional courses 
• Issue of making all illiterate persons literate 
• Reducing number of drop-outs 
• Present examination system needs to be improved 
 
Education plays both consecutive & Radical role.  
Karl Mannheim -> Education need to be critical.  
 
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
https://testseries.sleepyclasses.com/ 
Sleepy Classes 
Steve Lukes -> 3
rd
 Power promoted through education.  
Marx -> Promotes dominant class ideology.  
Education Divides can be seen in the following aspects- 
• Caste related  
• Gender -> undereducated/undernourished  
• Class  
• Elite (“Harijan Elite” -> Sachidanand Sinha “Tribal Elite” -> SD Badgaiyyan  
• Taboo based -> HIV parents, children  
• Religion ? Sachar committee, Ranganath Mishra Committee - Muslims denied entry in 
schools in Ahmedabad. 
 
Changes brought by education can understood at following levels;  
(Changes brought)-> PESTEL Change  
• Political change : values for democracy , equitable rights , duties 
• Economical change : more employment , less burden on agriculture , more SMEs 
• Social Change : literacy , awareness for health and sanitation , decrease in supertious beliefs 
• Environmental change : e.g. chipkoo movement 
• Technological change : defence , communication etc. 
• Ideological change : anti - superstitious movements in Maharashtra 
 
K. Ahmad (1974) -- formal education can play a vital role in 'ideational' change through 
transformation of knowledge , attitudes and values of the people , its effectiveness in bringing about 
structural changes in society is extremely limited . This is because of the linkages between the 
existing practices and procedures in education and vested interests of the status - quoists. 
 
A.R.Desai has questioned the validity of education as an instrument of social change.  
His contention is that after Independence, education has not been purposively geared to obtain the 
desired changes.  
He has criticised the policies and funding and financing of education to attain the goals of social 
mobility and equality.  
Examples: education of SC,ST , Women failed in uplifting their status, unemployment and under-
employment of educated youth. 
 
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
https://testseries.sleepyclasses.com/ 
Sleepy Classes 
Presently, concern is not only about education but quality education (ASER reports) ? More – 
Dominant class ideology – Steve Lukes 3
rd
 power  
 
 
 
Criticism of Education 
- Althuser - Education used as state’s apparatus to propagate it’s ideology (Ideological state 
apparatus) 
- 12
th
 FYP - U without Q (focus only on numbers)  
- Pierre Bourdieu - Cultural reproduction - (benefitting only top classes). Corroborated by 
MM Tumin:. Top classes have culture of excellence.  
- Tawney - Tadpole Theory - only the “top of the bottom” get sponsorship from state. 
- Sachidanand Sinha - Dalit Elites 
- Badgaiyyan - Tribal Eltes 
- AR Desai - Education Promoting Status quoism. 
- NEP, 2016 – Promoting Cultural Heritage, Values - Contains vague terms 
- Karl Mannheim - Education needs to be critical. 
 
Govt–Actions 
RTE 
SSA 
MDM 
RHS 
RUSA 
Articles 15 
DPSP  
 
Dr.Ambedkar ? witnessed mobiliity because of education.