Notes: Poverty Alleviation Schemes | Sociology Mains Optional for UPSC 2024 PDF Download

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C (ii) Rural and Agrarian transformation in India 
 
Poverty Alleviation Schemes 
Many schemes, Important ones being– 
• 20 points programme – Controlling poverty, inflation, lending, crime control, 
irrigation, rural employment, SC/ST specific programs, women/children specific etc. 
• Integrated Rural Dev Program (IRDP) – 1982. From 20 selected districts to entire 
country. Self-employment schemes. Targeted approach based on – (i) Number of 
poor households. (ii) Resources available. (iii) Time-span for results. Limitation – (i) 
Leakages. (ii) Finding “guarantor”. (iii) Misallocation of loans. (iv) Little knowledge of 
schemes. 
• TRYSEM (Training Rural Youth for Self Employement) – Age 18-35. Priority to 
SC/ST. But inadequate stipend and low level of skills given. 
• Food for Work Prog 
• MNREGA – (with social impacts) 
o Right based - Work given in time bound guarantee (15 days) (liability on 
State). 
o Women Empowerment – 1/3 persons have to be women. 
? Work Site facilities – Crèche, water, shade etc. 
? Work within 5 kms (otherwise 10% extra). 
o Decentralised Planning – 50% of the work to be allotted to Gram Panchayats. 
o Labour Intensive Work – 60:40 ratio of wage and material. Machinery 
prohibited. 
o Public Accountability – Social Audits. 
o Transparency – All records available to anyone on payment of a fee. 
 
 
 
Evaluation of MNREGA– 
o Low quality Asset created  
o Policies generally arm chair. Does not resonate with ground reality. 
Page 2


 
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
Sleepy Classes 
C (ii) Rural and Agrarian transformation in India 
 
Poverty Alleviation Schemes 
Many schemes, Important ones being– 
• 20 points programme – Controlling poverty, inflation, lending, crime control, 
irrigation, rural employment, SC/ST specific programs, women/children specific etc. 
• Integrated Rural Dev Program (IRDP) – 1982. From 20 selected districts to entire 
country. Self-employment schemes. Targeted approach based on – (i) Number of 
poor households. (ii) Resources available. (iii) Time-span for results. Limitation – (i) 
Leakages. (ii) Finding “guarantor”. (iii) Misallocation of loans. (iv) Little knowledge of 
schemes. 
• TRYSEM (Training Rural Youth for Self Employement) – Age 18-35. Priority to 
SC/ST. But inadequate stipend and low level of skills given. 
• Food for Work Prog 
• MNREGA – (with social impacts) 
o Right based - Work given in time bound guarantee (15 days) (liability on 
State). 
o Women Empowerment – 1/3 persons have to be women. 
? Work Site facilities – Crèche, water, shade etc. 
? Work within 5 kms (otherwise 10% extra). 
o Decentralised Planning – 50% of the work to be allotted to Gram Panchayats. 
o Labour Intensive Work – 60:40 ratio of wage and material. Machinery 
prohibited. 
o Public Accountability – Social Audits. 
o Transparency – All records available to anyone on payment of a fee. 
 
 
 
Evaluation of MNREGA– 
o Low quality Asset created  
o Policies generally arm chair. Does not resonate with ground reality. 
 
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o Populist approach. Less emphasis on 3Es.  (Efficiency, Economy, 
Effectiveness)  
o No focus on rural-industrialisation. 
o No coordination among various programmes. 
o Improper delivery of funds. /Ghosh Beneficiaries  
o No effective awareness building measures. 
o Increased dependence of masses on state  
o Women given work (48% of total)