Notes: Fundamental Rights Article 19-22 | Political Science & International Relations: Mains Optional - UPSC PDF Download

 Page 1


 
Article 19 (Right to Freedom): 
citizens the six rights. These are:
(i) Right to freedom of speech and expression.
(ii) Right to assemble peaceably 
(iii) Right to form associations or unions or co
societies. 
(iv) Right to move freely throughout the territory of India.
(v) Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of 
India. 
(vi) Right to practice any profession or to carry on any 
occupation, trade or business.
Originally, Article 19 contained seven rights. But, the right to 
acquire, hold and dispose of property was deleted by the 44th 
Amendment Act of 1978.
only state action and not private
are available only to the citizens and to
but not to foreigners or legal persons like
corporations, etc. 
 
 
 
 
 
Rights 
within 
Article 19 
 
Article 19 (Right to Freedom): Article 19 guarantees to all 
citizens the six rights. These are: 
Right to freedom of speech and expression. 
Right to assemble peaceably and without arms. 
Right to form associations or unions or co
Right to move freely throughout the territory of India.
Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of 
Right to practice any profession or to carry on any 
occupation, trade or business. 
Originally, Article 19 contained seven rights. But, the right to 
and dispose of property was deleted by the 44th 
Amendment Act of 1978. These six rights are protected against 
only state action and not private individuals. Moreover, these rights 
are available only to the citizens and to shareholders of a company 
but not to foreigners or legal persons like companies or 
Inclusions Restrictions
Article 19 guarantees to all 
Right to form associations or unions or co-operative 
Right to move freely throughout the territory of India. 
Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of 
Right to practice any profession or to carry on any 
Originally, Article 19 contained seven rights. But, the right to 
and dispose of property was deleted by the 44th 
These six rights are protected against 
dividuals. Moreover, these rights 
shareholders of a company 
companies or 
Restrictions 
Page 2


 
Article 19 (Right to Freedom): 
citizens the six rights. These are:
(i) Right to freedom of speech and expression.
(ii) Right to assemble peaceably 
(iii) Right to form associations or unions or co
societies. 
(iv) Right to move freely throughout the territory of India.
(v) Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of 
India. 
(vi) Right to practice any profession or to carry on any 
occupation, trade or business.
Originally, Article 19 contained seven rights. But, the right to 
acquire, hold and dispose of property was deleted by the 44th 
Amendment Act of 1978.
only state action and not private
are available only to the citizens and to
but not to foreigners or legal persons like
corporations, etc. 
 
 
 
 
 
Rights 
within 
Article 19 
 
Article 19 (Right to Freedom): Article 19 guarantees to all 
citizens the six rights. These are: 
Right to freedom of speech and expression. 
Right to assemble peaceably and without arms. 
Right to form associations or unions or co
Right to move freely throughout the territory of India.
Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of 
Right to practice any profession or to carry on any 
occupation, trade or business. 
Originally, Article 19 contained seven rights. But, the right to 
and dispose of property was deleted by the 44th 
Amendment Act of 1978. These six rights are protected against 
only state action and not private individuals. Moreover, these rights 
are available only to the citizens and to shareholders of a company 
but not to foreigners or legal persons like companies or 
Inclusions Restrictions
Article 19 guarantees to all 
Right to form associations or unions or co-operative 
Right to move freely throughout the territory of India. 
Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of 
Right to practice any profession or to carry on any 
Originally, Article 19 contained seven rights. But, the right to 
and dispose of property was deleted by the 44th 
These six rights are protected against 
dividuals. Moreover, these rights 
shareholders of a company 
companies or 
Restrictions 
 
  
1. Freedom of 
Speech and 
Expression 
2. Every 
express his views, opinions, 
belief and convictions freely 
by word of
printing, picturing or in any 
other manner.
3. According to Supreme 
Court, it includes:
(a) Right to propagate one’s 
views as well
others.
(b) Freedom of the press.
(c) Freedom of commercial 
advertisements.
(d) Right against tapping of 
telephonic conversation.
(e) Right to telecast, that is, 
government has no 
monopoly on electronic
media.
(f) Right against bundh 
called by
organisation.
(g) Right to know about 
government activities.
(h) Freedom of silence.
(i) Right against imposition 
of pre
newspaper.
(j) Right to demonstration or 
picketing but not right to 
 
Every citizen has the right to 
express his views, opinions, 
belief and convictions freely 
by word of mouth, writing, 
printing, picturing or in any 
other manner. 
According to Supreme 
Court, it includes: 
(a) Right to propagate one’s 
views as well as views of 
others. 
(b) Freedom of the press. 
(c) Freedom of commercial 
advertisements. 
(d) Right against tapping of 
telephonic conversation. 
(e) Right to telecast, that is, 
government has no 
monopoly on electronic 
media. 
(f) Right against bundh 
called by a political party or 
organisation. 
(g) Right to know about 
government activities. 
(h) Freedom of silence. 
(i) Right against imposition 
of pre-censorship on a 
newspaper. 
(j) Right to demonstration or 
picketing but not right to 
 
The State can impose
reasonable restrictions 
on the exercise of the 
freedom 
expression on the 
grounds of:
? sovereignty and 
integrity of India,
? security of the 
state, 
? friendly re
with 
states, 
? public order,
? decency or 
morality,
? contempt of 
court,
? defamation, and
? incitement to an 
offence.
The State can impose 
reasonable restrictions 
on the exercise of the 
 of speech and 
expression on the 
grounds of: 
sovereignty and 
integrity of India, 
security of the 
state,  
friendly relations 
with foreign 
states,  
public order, 
decency or 
morality, 
contempt of 
court, 
efamation, and 
incitement to an 
offence. 
Page 3


 
Article 19 (Right to Freedom): 
citizens the six rights. These are:
(i) Right to freedom of speech and expression.
(ii) Right to assemble peaceably 
(iii) Right to form associations or unions or co
societies. 
(iv) Right to move freely throughout the territory of India.
(v) Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of 
India. 
(vi) Right to practice any profession or to carry on any 
occupation, trade or business.
Originally, Article 19 contained seven rights. But, the right to 
acquire, hold and dispose of property was deleted by the 44th 
Amendment Act of 1978.
only state action and not private
are available only to the citizens and to
but not to foreigners or legal persons like
corporations, etc. 
 
 
 
 
 
Rights 
within 
Article 19 
 
Article 19 (Right to Freedom): Article 19 guarantees to all 
citizens the six rights. These are: 
Right to freedom of speech and expression. 
Right to assemble peaceably and without arms. 
Right to form associations or unions or co
Right to move freely throughout the territory of India.
Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of 
Right to practice any profession or to carry on any 
occupation, trade or business. 
Originally, Article 19 contained seven rights. But, the right to 
and dispose of property was deleted by the 44th 
Amendment Act of 1978. These six rights are protected against 
only state action and not private individuals. Moreover, these rights 
are available only to the citizens and to shareholders of a company 
but not to foreigners or legal persons like companies or 
Inclusions Restrictions
Article 19 guarantees to all 
Right to form associations or unions or co-operative 
Right to move freely throughout the territory of India. 
Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of 
Right to practice any profession or to carry on any 
Originally, Article 19 contained seven rights. But, the right to 
and dispose of property was deleted by the 44th 
These six rights are protected against 
dividuals. Moreover, these rights 
shareholders of a company 
companies or 
Restrictions 
 
  
1. Freedom of 
Speech and 
Expression 
2. Every 
express his views, opinions, 
belief and convictions freely 
by word of
printing, picturing or in any 
other manner.
3. According to Supreme 
Court, it includes:
(a) Right to propagate one’s 
views as well
others.
(b) Freedom of the press.
(c) Freedom of commercial 
advertisements.
(d) Right against tapping of 
telephonic conversation.
(e) Right to telecast, that is, 
government has no 
monopoly on electronic
media.
(f) Right against bundh 
called by
organisation.
(g) Right to know about 
government activities.
(h) Freedom of silence.
(i) Right against imposition 
of pre
newspaper.
(j) Right to demonstration or 
picketing but not right to 
 
Every citizen has the right to 
express his views, opinions, 
belief and convictions freely 
by word of mouth, writing, 
printing, picturing or in any 
other manner. 
According to Supreme 
Court, it includes: 
(a) Right to propagate one’s 
views as well as views of 
others. 
(b) Freedom of the press. 
(c) Freedom of commercial 
advertisements. 
(d) Right against tapping of 
telephonic conversation. 
(e) Right to telecast, that is, 
government has no 
monopoly on electronic 
media. 
(f) Right against bundh 
called by a political party or 
organisation. 
(g) Right to know about 
government activities. 
(h) Freedom of silence. 
(i) Right against imposition 
of pre-censorship on a 
newspaper. 
(j) Right to demonstration or 
picketing but not right to 
 
The State can impose
reasonable restrictions 
on the exercise of the 
freedom 
expression on the 
grounds of:
? sovereignty and 
integrity of India,
? security of the 
state, 
? friendly re
with 
states, 
? public order,
? decency or 
morality,
? contempt of 
court,
? defamation, and
? incitement to an 
offence.
The State can impose 
reasonable restrictions 
on the exercise of the 
 of speech and 
expression on the 
grounds of: 
sovereignty and 
integrity of India, 
security of the 
state,  
friendly relations 
with foreign 
states,  
public order, 
decency or 
morality, 
contempt of 
court, 
efamation, and 
incitement to an 
offence. 
 
strike
 
2. Freedom of 
Assembly 
It includes the right to hold public 
meetings, demonstrations
out processions. This freedom can 
be exercised only on public land
and the assembly must be 
peaceful and unarmed.
does not include the right
strike. 
3. Freedom of 
Association 
All citizens have th
associations or 
operative societies
political parties, clubs, trade 
unions etc. 
It includes the right to start 
as continue 
union as well as
of not to form or join an 
association
 
strike 
It includes the right to hold public 
meetings, demonstrations and take 
out processions. This freedom can 
be exercised only on public land 
and the assembly must be 
peaceful and unarmed. This right 
does not include the right to 
The State can impose 
reasonable restricti
on the exercise of right 
of assembly on two 
grounds, namely, 
sovereignty and 
integrity of India and 
public order including 
the maintenance of 
traffic in the area 
concerned
144 of CrPc and 141 
of IPC) 
All citizens have the right to form 
associations or unions or co-
operative societies including 
political parties, clubs, trade 
unions etc.  
includes the right to start as well 
ue an association or 
s well as the negative right 
of not to form or join an 
association or union but NONE to 
Reasonable restrictions 
can be imposed on th
exercise of this right 
by the State on the 
grounds of sovereignty 
and integ
public order and 
morality.
Trade unions have no 
guaranteed right to
The State can impose 
reasonable restrictions 
on the exercise of right 
assembly on two 
grounds, namely, 
gnty and 
integrity of India and 
public order including 
the maintenance of 
traffic in the area 
ned (Section 
144 of CrPc and 141 
 
Reasonable restrictions 
can be imposed on the 
exercise of this right 
State on the 
grounds of sovereignty 
and integrity of India, 
public order and 
morality. 
unions have no 
guaranteed right to 
Page 4


 
Article 19 (Right to Freedom): 
citizens the six rights. These are:
(i) Right to freedom of speech and expression.
(ii) Right to assemble peaceably 
(iii) Right to form associations or unions or co
societies. 
(iv) Right to move freely throughout the territory of India.
(v) Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of 
India. 
(vi) Right to practice any profession or to carry on any 
occupation, trade or business.
Originally, Article 19 contained seven rights. But, the right to 
acquire, hold and dispose of property was deleted by the 44th 
Amendment Act of 1978.
only state action and not private
are available only to the citizens and to
but not to foreigners or legal persons like
corporations, etc. 
 
 
 
 
 
Rights 
within 
Article 19 
 
Article 19 (Right to Freedom): Article 19 guarantees to all 
citizens the six rights. These are: 
Right to freedom of speech and expression. 
Right to assemble peaceably and without arms. 
Right to form associations or unions or co
Right to move freely throughout the territory of India.
Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of 
Right to practice any profession or to carry on any 
occupation, trade or business. 
Originally, Article 19 contained seven rights. But, the right to 
and dispose of property was deleted by the 44th 
Amendment Act of 1978. These six rights are protected against 
only state action and not private individuals. Moreover, these rights 
are available only to the citizens and to shareholders of a company 
but not to foreigners or legal persons like companies or 
Inclusions Restrictions
Article 19 guarantees to all 
Right to form associations or unions or co-operative 
Right to move freely throughout the territory of India. 
Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of 
Right to practice any profession or to carry on any 
Originally, Article 19 contained seven rights. But, the right to 
and dispose of property was deleted by the 44th 
These six rights are protected against 
dividuals. Moreover, these rights 
shareholders of a company 
companies or 
Restrictions 
 
  
1. Freedom of 
Speech and 
Expression 
2. Every 
express his views, opinions, 
belief and convictions freely 
by word of
printing, picturing or in any 
other manner.
3. According to Supreme 
Court, it includes:
(a) Right to propagate one’s 
views as well
others.
(b) Freedom of the press.
(c) Freedom of commercial 
advertisements.
(d) Right against tapping of 
telephonic conversation.
(e) Right to telecast, that is, 
government has no 
monopoly on electronic
media.
(f) Right against bundh 
called by
organisation.
(g) Right to know about 
government activities.
(h) Freedom of silence.
(i) Right against imposition 
of pre
newspaper.
(j) Right to demonstration or 
picketing but not right to 
 
Every citizen has the right to 
express his views, opinions, 
belief and convictions freely 
by word of mouth, writing, 
printing, picturing or in any 
other manner. 
According to Supreme 
Court, it includes: 
(a) Right to propagate one’s 
views as well as views of 
others. 
(b) Freedom of the press. 
(c) Freedom of commercial 
advertisements. 
(d) Right against tapping of 
telephonic conversation. 
(e) Right to telecast, that is, 
government has no 
monopoly on electronic 
media. 
(f) Right against bundh 
called by a political party or 
organisation. 
(g) Right to know about 
government activities. 
(h) Freedom of silence. 
(i) Right against imposition 
of pre-censorship on a 
newspaper. 
(j) Right to demonstration or 
picketing but not right to 
 
The State can impose
reasonable restrictions 
on the exercise of the 
freedom 
expression on the 
grounds of:
? sovereignty and 
integrity of India,
? security of the 
state, 
? friendly re
with 
states, 
? public order,
? decency or 
morality,
? contempt of 
court,
? defamation, and
? incitement to an 
offence.
The State can impose 
reasonable restrictions 
on the exercise of the 
 of speech and 
expression on the 
grounds of: 
sovereignty and 
integrity of India, 
security of the 
state,  
friendly relations 
with foreign 
states,  
public order, 
decency or 
morality, 
contempt of 
court, 
efamation, and 
incitement to an 
offence. 
 
strike
 
2. Freedom of 
Assembly 
It includes the right to hold public 
meetings, demonstrations
out processions. This freedom can 
be exercised only on public land
and the assembly must be 
peaceful and unarmed.
does not include the right
strike. 
3. Freedom of 
Association 
All citizens have th
associations or 
operative societies
political parties, clubs, trade 
unions etc. 
It includes the right to start 
as continue 
union as well as
of not to form or join an 
association
 
strike 
It includes the right to hold public 
meetings, demonstrations and take 
out processions. This freedom can 
be exercised only on public land 
and the assembly must be 
peaceful and unarmed. This right 
does not include the right to 
The State can impose 
reasonable restricti
on the exercise of right 
of assembly on two 
grounds, namely, 
sovereignty and 
integrity of India and 
public order including 
the maintenance of 
traffic in the area 
concerned
144 of CrPc and 141 
of IPC) 
All citizens have the right to form 
associations or unions or co-
operative societies including 
political parties, clubs, trade 
unions etc.  
includes the right to start as well 
ue an association or 
s well as the negative right 
of not to form or join an 
association or union but NONE to 
Reasonable restrictions 
can be imposed on th
exercise of this right 
by the State on the 
grounds of sovereignty 
and integ
public order and 
morality.
Trade unions have no 
guaranteed right to
The State can impose 
reasonable restrictions 
on the exercise of right 
assembly on two 
grounds, namely, 
gnty and 
integrity of India and 
public order including 
the maintenance of 
traffic in the area 
ned (Section 
144 of CrPc and 141 
 
Reasonable restrictions 
can be imposed on the 
exercise of this right 
State on the 
grounds of sovereignty 
and integrity of India, 
public order and 
morality. 
unions have no 
guaranteed right to 
 
recognition. 
4. Freedom of 
Movement 
Citizens can move freely from one 
state to another or from one place 
to another withi
right to move inside or outside the 
country. 
5. Freedom of 
Residence 
Every citizen has the ri
reside and settle in any 
territory of the country. This right 
has two parts: (a) the right to 
reside in any part of the country, 
which means to stay at any place 
temporarily, and (b) the right to 
settle in any p
which means 
domicile at any place 
permanently.
6. Freedom of 
Profession, 
etc. 
All citizens are 
practise any 
on any occupation, trade or 
business. This right is very
as it covers all the means of 
 
recognition.  effective bargaining or 
right to strike or right 
to declare a lock
can move freely from one 
another or from one place 
to another within a state but not 
right to move inside or outside the 
 
The grounds of 
imposing reasonable 
restrictions on this 
freedom are two, 
namely, the interests 
of general public and 
the protection of 
interests of any 
scheduled tribe.
ery citizen has the right to 
reside and settle in any part of the 
territory of the country. This right 
has two parts: (a) the right to 
reside in any part of the country, 
hich means to stay at any place 
temporarily, and (b) the right to 
settle in any part of the country, 
which means to set up a home or 
domicile at any place 
permanently. 
The State can impose 
reasonable restriction
on the exercise of this 
right on two grounds, 
namely, the interest of 
general public and the 
protection of 
of any sche
tribes. 
All citizens are given the right to 
practise any profession or to carry 
on any occupation, trade or 
business. This right is very wide 
as it covers all the means of 
The State can impose 
reasonable restrictions 
on the exercise of this 
right in th
the general public. 
effective bargaining or 
right to strike or right 
to declare a lock-out. 
The grounds of 
imposing reasonable 
ctions on this 
freedom are two, 
namely, the interests 
of general public and 
protection of 
interests of any 
scheduled tribe. 
The State can impose 
reasonable restrictions 
on the exercise of this 
on two grounds, 
namely, the interest of 
al public and the 
protection of interests 
of any scheduled 
The State can impose 
reasonable restrictions 
n the exercise of this 
the interest of 
the general public. 
Page 5


 
Article 19 (Right to Freedom): 
citizens the six rights. These are:
(i) Right to freedom of speech and expression.
(ii) Right to assemble peaceably 
(iii) Right to form associations or unions or co
societies. 
(iv) Right to move freely throughout the territory of India.
(v) Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of 
India. 
(vi) Right to practice any profession or to carry on any 
occupation, trade or business.
Originally, Article 19 contained seven rights. But, the right to 
acquire, hold and dispose of property was deleted by the 44th 
Amendment Act of 1978.
only state action and not private
are available only to the citizens and to
but not to foreigners or legal persons like
corporations, etc. 
 
 
 
 
 
Rights 
within 
Article 19 
 
Article 19 (Right to Freedom): Article 19 guarantees to all 
citizens the six rights. These are: 
Right to freedom of speech and expression. 
Right to assemble peaceably and without arms. 
Right to form associations or unions or co
Right to move freely throughout the territory of India.
Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of 
Right to practice any profession or to carry on any 
occupation, trade or business. 
Originally, Article 19 contained seven rights. But, the right to 
and dispose of property was deleted by the 44th 
Amendment Act of 1978. These six rights are protected against 
only state action and not private individuals. Moreover, these rights 
are available only to the citizens and to shareholders of a company 
but not to foreigners or legal persons like companies or 
Inclusions Restrictions
Article 19 guarantees to all 
Right to form associations or unions or co-operative 
Right to move freely throughout the territory of India. 
Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of 
Right to practice any profession or to carry on any 
Originally, Article 19 contained seven rights. But, the right to 
and dispose of property was deleted by the 44th 
These six rights are protected against 
dividuals. Moreover, these rights 
shareholders of a company 
companies or 
Restrictions 
 
  
1. Freedom of 
Speech and 
Expression 
2. Every 
express his views, opinions, 
belief and convictions freely 
by word of
printing, picturing or in any 
other manner.
3. According to Supreme 
Court, it includes:
(a) Right to propagate one’s 
views as well
others.
(b) Freedom of the press.
(c) Freedom of commercial 
advertisements.
(d) Right against tapping of 
telephonic conversation.
(e) Right to telecast, that is, 
government has no 
monopoly on electronic
media.
(f) Right against bundh 
called by
organisation.
(g) Right to know about 
government activities.
(h) Freedom of silence.
(i) Right against imposition 
of pre
newspaper.
(j) Right to demonstration or 
picketing but not right to 
 
Every citizen has the right to 
express his views, opinions, 
belief and convictions freely 
by word of mouth, writing, 
printing, picturing or in any 
other manner. 
According to Supreme 
Court, it includes: 
(a) Right to propagate one’s 
views as well as views of 
others. 
(b) Freedom of the press. 
(c) Freedom of commercial 
advertisements. 
(d) Right against tapping of 
telephonic conversation. 
(e) Right to telecast, that is, 
government has no 
monopoly on electronic 
media. 
(f) Right against bundh 
called by a political party or 
organisation. 
(g) Right to know about 
government activities. 
(h) Freedom of silence. 
(i) Right against imposition 
of pre-censorship on a 
newspaper. 
(j) Right to demonstration or 
picketing but not right to 
 
The State can impose
reasonable restrictions 
on the exercise of the 
freedom 
expression on the 
grounds of:
? sovereignty and 
integrity of India,
? security of the 
state, 
? friendly re
with 
states, 
? public order,
? decency or 
morality,
? contempt of 
court,
? defamation, and
? incitement to an 
offence.
The State can impose 
reasonable restrictions 
on the exercise of the 
 of speech and 
expression on the 
grounds of: 
sovereignty and 
integrity of India, 
security of the 
state,  
friendly relations 
with foreign 
states,  
public order, 
decency or 
morality, 
contempt of 
court, 
efamation, and 
incitement to an 
offence. 
 
strike
 
2. Freedom of 
Assembly 
It includes the right to hold public 
meetings, demonstrations
out processions. This freedom can 
be exercised only on public land
and the assembly must be 
peaceful and unarmed.
does not include the right
strike. 
3. Freedom of 
Association 
All citizens have th
associations or 
operative societies
political parties, clubs, trade 
unions etc. 
It includes the right to start 
as continue 
union as well as
of not to form or join an 
association
 
strike 
It includes the right to hold public 
meetings, demonstrations and take 
out processions. This freedom can 
be exercised only on public land 
and the assembly must be 
peaceful and unarmed. This right 
does not include the right to 
The State can impose 
reasonable restricti
on the exercise of right 
of assembly on two 
grounds, namely, 
sovereignty and 
integrity of India and 
public order including 
the maintenance of 
traffic in the area 
concerned
144 of CrPc and 141 
of IPC) 
All citizens have the right to form 
associations or unions or co-
operative societies including 
political parties, clubs, trade 
unions etc.  
includes the right to start as well 
ue an association or 
s well as the negative right 
of not to form or join an 
association or union but NONE to 
Reasonable restrictions 
can be imposed on th
exercise of this right 
by the State on the 
grounds of sovereignty 
and integ
public order and 
morality.
Trade unions have no 
guaranteed right to
The State can impose 
reasonable restrictions 
on the exercise of right 
assembly on two 
grounds, namely, 
gnty and 
integrity of India and 
public order including 
the maintenance of 
traffic in the area 
ned (Section 
144 of CrPc and 141 
 
Reasonable restrictions 
can be imposed on the 
exercise of this right 
State on the 
grounds of sovereignty 
and integrity of India, 
public order and 
morality. 
unions have no 
guaranteed right to 
 
recognition. 
4. Freedom of 
Movement 
Citizens can move freely from one 
state to another or from one place 
to another withi
right to move inside or outside the 
country. 
5. Freedom of 
Residence 
Every citizen has the ri
reside and settle in any 
territory of the country. This right 
has two parts: (a) the right to 
reside in any part of the country, 
which means to stay at any place 
temporarily, and (b) the right to 
settle in any p
which means 
domicile at any place 
permanently.
6. Freedom of 
Profession, 
etc. 
All citizens are 
practise any 
on any occupation, trade or 
business. This right is very
as it covers all the means of 
 
recognition.  effective bargaining or 
right to strike or right 
to declare a lock
can move freely from one 
another or from one place 
to another within a state but not 
right to move inside or outside the 
 
The grounds of 
imposing reasonable 
restrictions on this 
freedom are two, 
namely, the interests 
of general public and 
the protection of 
interests of any 
scheduled tribe.
ery citizen has the right to 
reside and settle in any part of the 
territory of the country. This right 
has two parts: (a) the right to 
reside in any part of the country, 
hich means to stay at any place 
temporarily, and (b) the right to 
settle in any part of the country, 
which means to set up a home or 
domicile at any place 
permanently. 
The State can impose 
reasonable restriction
on the exercise of this 
right on two grounds, 
namely, the interest of 
general public and the 
protection of 
of any sche
tribes. 
All citizens are given the right to 
practise any profession or to carry 
on any occupation, trade or 
business. This right is very wide 
as it covers all the means of 
The State can impose 
reasonable restrictions 
on the exercise of this 
right in th
the general public. 
effective bargaining or 
right to strike or right 
to declare a lock-out. 
The grounds of 
imposing reasonable 
ctions on this 
freedom are two, 
namely, the interests 
of general public and 
protection of 
interests of any 
scheduled tribe. 
The State can impose 
reasonable restrictions 
on the exercise of this 
on two grounds, 
namely, the interest of 
al public and the 
protection of interests 
of any scheduled 
The State can impose 
reasonable restrictions 
n the exercise of this 
the interest of 
the general public. 
 
earning one’s livelihood.
This right does not inc
right to carry on a profession or 
business or
that is immoral (trafficking in 
women or children) or
(harmful drugs or explosives, 
etc,). 
 
One major conflict areas w.r.t. Freedom of expression 
A of IPC which defines sedition. It states “Whoever, by words, either 
spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representation, or 
otherwise, brings or attempts to bring into hatred or contempt, or 
excites or attempts to excite disaffection towards the Government 
established by law shall be punished with imprisonment for life, to 
which fine may be added, or with imprisonment which may extend to 
three years, to which fine may be added, or with fine.”
• In various cases Kedarnath singh (1962), Balwant Singh (1985), 
the Supreme Court has underlined hat this section should be 
 
earning one’s livelihood. 
This right does not include the 
right to carry on a profession or 
business or trade or occupation 
that is immoral (trafficking in 
women or children) or dangerous 
(harmful drugs or explosives, 
Further, the State is 
empowered to:
(a) prescribe 
professional or 
technical qualific
necessary for 
practising 
profession or carrying 
on any occupation, 
trade or business; and
(b) carry on by itself 
any trade, bus
industry or service 
whether to the 
exclusion (complete or 
partial) of citizens or 
otherwise.
One major conflict areas w.r.t. Freedom of expression is Section 124
A of IPC which defines sedition. It states “Whoever, by words, either 
en, or by signs, or by visible representation, or 
otherwise, brings or attempts to bring into hatred or contempt, or 
excites or attempts to excite disaffection towards the Government 
established by law shall be punished with imprisonment for life, to 
fine may be added, or with imprisonment which may extend to 
three years, to which fine may be added, or with fine.” 
In various cases Kedarnath singh (1962), Balwant Singh (1985), 
the Supreme Court has underlined hat this section should be 
Further, the State is 
empowered to: 
(a) prescribe 
professional or 
technical qualifications 
necessary for 
practising any 
profession or carrying 
on any occupation, 
trade or business; and 
(b) carry on by itself 
any trade, business, 
ustry or service 
whether to the 
exclusion (complete or 
partial) of citizens or 
otherwise. 
is Section 124-
A of IPC which defines sedition. It states “Whoever, by words, either 
en, or by signs, or by visible representation, or 
otherwise, brings or attempts to bring into hatred or contempt, or 
excites or attempts to excite disaffection towards the Government 
established by law shall be punished with imprisonment for life, to 
fine may be added, or with imprisonment which may extend to 
In various cases Kedarnath singh (1962), Balwant Singh (1985), 
the Supreme Court has underlined hat this section should be