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Inverters 
Series Inverter: In a series inverter, the commutating elements L and C are connected in 
series with the load resistance R. The load resistance R can also be in parallel with C. 
The value of L and C are such that those form an underdamped circuit i.e. 
 
 
Parallel Inverter: During the working of this inverter, capacitor C comes in parallel with the load 
via. the transformer, so this inverter is called a parallel inverter. 
 
Bridge Inverter: Bridge circuits are commonly used in DC-AC conversion. 
Moreover, an output transformer is not essential in a bridge circuit. 
1- ? Half Bridge Inverter-  
Page 2


 
 
Inverters 
Series Inverter: In a series inverter, the commutating elements L and C are connected in 
series with the load resistance R. The load resistance R can also be in parallel with C. 
The value of L and C are such that those form an underdamped circuit i.e. 
 
 
Parallel Inverter: During the working of this inverter, capacitor C comes in parallel with the load 
via. the transformer, so this inverter is called a parallel inverter. 
 
Bridge Inverter: Bridge circuits are commonly used in DC-AC conversion. 
Moreover, an output transformer is not essential in a bridge circuit. 
1- ? Half Bridge Inverter-  
 
 
1- ? Full Bridge Inverter- 
 
 
Amplitude Modulation Depth:  
 
where V m, V C, are the modulating and carrier signal voltages, respectively. 
For sinusoidal PWM, the amplitude modulation depth must be less than 1.0 
Output Voltages:                                    
 
Page 3


 
 
Inverters 
Series Inverter: In a series inverter, the commutating elements L and C are connected in 
series with the load resistance R. The load resistance R can also be in parallel with C. 
The value of L and C are such that those form an underdamped circuit i.e. 
 
 
Parallel Inverter: During the working of this inverter, capacitor C comes in parallel with the load 
via. the transformer, so this inverter is called a parallel inverter. 
 
Bridge Inverter: Bridge circuits are commonly used in DC-AC conversion. 
Moreover, an output transformer is not essential in a bridge circuit. 
1- ? Half Bridge Inverter-  
 
 
1- ? Full Bridge Inverter- 
 
 
Amplitude Modulation Depth:  
 
where V m, V C, are the modulating and carrier signal voltages, respectively. 
For sinusoidal PWM, the amplitude modulation depth must be less than 1.0 
Output Voltages:                                    
 
 
 
the fundamental line-line voltage is given by 
 
Available output voltage: 
Assuming that the DC voltage is created using a diode rectifier and capacitor dc 
link, the maximum available DC voltage is given by 
 
where VLLS is the line-line supply voltage. The maximum output using sinusoidal 
PWM (ma=1) is 
 
Resistive Load: 
 
where, Vs = DC voltage source 
R = Load resistance 
R-C (Resistive-Capacitive Load): 
 
Where, VC(t) = Voltage across capacitor at time t 
Where, VC(t) = Voltage across capacitor at time t 
Initial rate of rise of capacitor voltage: 
 
Page 4


 
 
Inverters 
Series Inverter: In a series inverter, the commutating elements L and C are connected in 
series with the load resistance R. The load resistance R can also be in parallel with C. 
The value of L and C are such that those form an underdamped circuit i.e. 
 
 
Parallel Inverter: During the working of this inverter, capacitor C comes in parallel with the load 
via. the transformer, so this inverter is called a parallel inverter. 
 
Bridge Inverter: Bridge circuits are commonly used in DC-AC conversion. 
Moreover, an output transformer is not essential in a bridge circuit. 
1- ? Half Bridge Inverter-  
 
 
1- ? Full Bridge Inverter- 
 
 
Amplitude Modulation Depth:  
 
where V m, V C, are the modulating and carrier signal voltages, respectively. 
For sinusoidal PWM, the amplitude modulation depth must be less than 1.0 
Output Voltages:                                    
 
 
 
the fundamental line-line voltage is given by 
 
Available output voltage: 
Assuming that the DC voltage is created using a diode rectifier and capacitor dc 
link, the maximum available DC voltage is given by 
 
where VLLS is the line-line supply voltage. The maximum output using sinusoidal 
PWM (ma=1) is 
 
Resistive Load: 
 
where, Vs = DC voltage source 
R = Load resistance 
R-C (Resistive-Capacitive Load): 
 
Where, VC(t) = Voltage across capacitor at time t 
Where, VC(t) = Voltage across capacitor at time t 
Initial rate of rise of capacitor voltage: 
 
 
 
R-L Load: 
 
 
L-C Load: 
 
 
R-L-C Load: 
 
Page 5


 
 
Inverters 
Series Inverter: In a series inverter, the commutating elements L and C are connected in 
series with the load resistance R. The load resistance R can also be in parallel with C. 
The value of L and C are such that those form an underdamped circuit i.e. 
 
 
Parallel Inverter: During the working of this inverter, capacitor C comes in parallel with the load 
via. the transformer, so this inverter is called a parallel inverter. 
 
Bridge Inverter: Bridge circuits are commonly used in DC-AC conversion. 
Moreover, an output transformer is not essential in a bridge circuit. 
1- ? Half Bridge Inverter-  
 
 
1- ? Full Bridge Inverter- 
 
 
Amplitude Modulation Depth:  
 
where V m, V C, are the modulating and carrier signal voltages, respectively. 
For sinusoidal PWM, the amplitude modulation depth must be less than 1.0 
Output Voltages:                                    
 
 
 
the fundamental line-line voltage is given by 
 
Available output voltage: 
Assuming that the DC voltage is created using a diode rectifier and capacitor dc 
link, the maximum available DC voltage is given by 
 
where VLLS is the line-line supply voltage. The maximum output using sinusoidal 
PWM (ma=1) is 
 
Resistive Load: 
 
where, Vs = DC voltage source 
R = Load resistance 
R-C (Resistive-Capacitive Load): 
 
Where, VC(t) = Voltage across capacitor at time t 
Where, VC(t) = Voltage across capacitor at time t 
Initial rate of rise of capacitor voltage: 
 
 
 
R-L Load: 
 
 
L-C Load: 
 
 
R-L-C Load: 
 
 
 
 
Single Phase Half Wave Diode Rectifier: 
with R Load: 
 
 
With L load: 
 
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FAQs on Power Electronics Formulas for GATE EE Exam - GATE Notes & Videos for Electrical Engineering - Electrical Engineering (EE)

1. What are some important power electronics formulas that are frequently asked in the GATE EE exam?
Ans. Some important power electronics formulas that are frequently asked in the GATE EE exam are: - Power in an AC circuit: P = VIcosθ, where P is the power, V is the voltage, I is the current, and θ is the phase angle. - Average power in a single-phase AC circuit: Pavg = VrmsIrmscosθ, where Pavg is the average power, Vrms is the root mean square voltage, Irms is the root mean square current, and θ is the phase angle. - Power factor: PF = cosθ, where PF is the power factor and θ is the phase angle. - Power in a three-phase AC circuit: P = √3VLILcosθ, where P is the power, VL is the line voltage, IL is the line current, and θ is the phase angle. - Efficiency of a power electronic converter: η = (Output Power/Input Power) * 100%.
2. How can power electronics formulas be applied in solving numerical problems in the GATE EE exam?
Ans. Power electronics formulas can be applied in solving numerical problems in the GATE EE exam by following these steps: 1. Identify the given parameters: Determine what values are given in the problem statement, such as voltage, current, power, power factor, etc. 2. Determine the formula to be used: Based on the given parameters and the information required to be calculated, select the appropriate power electronics formula. 3. Substitute the values: Substitute the given values into the formula. 4. Solve for the unknown: Use mathematical operations to solve for the unknown parameter in the formula. 5. Check units and dimensions: Ensure that the units and dimensions of the calculated result are consistent with the problem statement. 6. Round off the answer: Round off the final answer to the appropriate number of significant figures as required.
3. Can power electronics formulas be used to analyze and design power electronic circuits?
Ans. Yes, power electronics formulas can be used to analyze and design power electronic circuits. These formulas provide relationships between different electrical parameters, such as voltage, current, power, and power factor, which are essential for analyzing and designing power electronic circuits. By applying these formulas, engineers can calculate the values of various components, such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors, required in power electronic circuits. Additionally, these formulas help in understanding the behavior and performance of power electronic circuits, enabling engineers to optimize their design for efficiency and reliability.
4. How important is it to memorize power electronics formulas for the GATE EE exam?
Ans. Memorizing power electronics formulas is crucial for the GATE EE exam. The exam often includes numerical problems that require the application of these formulas to solve them. By memorizing the formulas, candidates can save time during the exam by quickly recalling the relevant formula for a given problem. Moreover, memorizing the formulas allows candidates to focus on understanding the concepts behind them rather than wasting time deriving the formulas during the exam. Therefore, it is highly recommended to memorize the power electronics formulas to perform well in the GATE EE exam.
5. Are there any specific techniques or strategies to effectively utilize power electronics formulas during the GATE EE exam?
Ans. Yes, here are some techniques and strategies to effectively utilize power electronics formulas during the GATE EE exam: - Practice solving numerical problems using power electronics formulas regularly to enhance your speed and accuracy. - Create a formula sheet or flashcards with all the important power electronics formulas, and revise them frequently to memorize them effectively. - Understand the concepts behind the formulas to apply them correctly in different problem scenarios. - During the exam, read the problem statement carefully to identify the relevant parameters and determine which formula to use. - Substitute the given values into the formula accurately, paying attention to units and dimensions. - Double-check your calculations and ensure that the final answer is rounded off correctly. - If you are unsure about a specific formula, try to derive it using basic principles and concepts. By following these techniques and strategies, you can effectively utilize power electronics formulas and improve your performance in the GATE EE exam.
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