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FAQs on Flashcards: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

1. What is the main difference between stamen and carpel in flowering plants?
Ans. The stamen is the male reproductive organ containing anthers that produce pollen grains, while the carpel is the female reproductive organ containing the ovary where ovules develop. Both structures are essential for sexual reproduction in flowering plants and work together during pollination and fertilisation to produce seeds.
2. How does pollination lead to fertilisation in CBSE Class 12 Biology?
Ans. Pollination transfers pollen from anthers to the stigma of the carpel through wind, water, or animal vectors. The pollen tube then grows through the style, allowing male gametes to reach the ovule. Double fertilisation occurs when one male gamete fertilises the egg cell and another fertilises the polar nuclei, forming the embryo and endosperm respectively.
3. What are the main parts of an anther and what do they produce?
Ans. An anther contains four pollen sacs (microsporangia) that produce microspores through meiosis. These microspores develop into pollen grains, each containing a vegetative cell and a generative cell. The pollen grain is the male gametophyte that carries male gametes needed for sexual reproduction in flowering plants.
4. Why do some plants need cross-pollination instead of self-pollination?
Ans. Cross-pollination introduces genetic variation and prevents inbreeding depression caused by self-pollination. Many flowering plants have evolved mechanisms like dichogamy (staggered maturation of stamens and carpels) and self-incompatibility to promote cross-pollination. This genetic diversity increases adaptability and fitness in plant populations.
5. What happens during megasporogenesis and how many functional megaspores form?
Ans. Megasporogenesis is the formation of megaspores from a megaspore mother cell within the nucellus of the ovule through meiosis. Typically, one functional megaspore survives while three degenerate. This functional megaspore undergoes mitosis to form the female gametophyte, also called the embryo sac, which contains the egg cell for fertilisation.
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