Yojana Magazine September 2022 - 4 (Hindi) | Monthly Yojana & Kurukshetra Magazine in Hindi - UPSC PDF Download

 Page 1


54 ;kstuk] flrEcj 2022
varfj{k foKku
rfj{k foKku vkSj mlosQ vuqç;ksxksa dks le>us osQ fy, 
Hkkjrh; varfj{k vuqlaèkku laxBu (bljks) us ns'k osQ 
fofHk Hkkxksa esa dbZ laLFkku LFkkfir fd, gSaA muesa tEew 
vkSj d'ehj 'kkfey gS tgka bljks vkSj tEew osQaæh; fo'ofo|ky; 
(lh;wts) osQ lg;ksx ls ,d mÂr varfj{k vuqlaèkku osQaæ lrh'k èkou 
varfj{k foKku osQaæ (,lMhlh,l,l) tEew osQaæh; fo'ofo|ky; 
LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA
lh;wts esa ,lMhlh,l,l dh 
LFkkiuk blosQ mÙkj Hkkjr esa çeq• osQaæ 
gksus osQ ukrs tEew&d'ehj osQ fy, ,d  
egRoiw.kZ miyfCèk gSA ;g osQaæ bl {ks=k osQ fy, 
varfj{k vuqç;ksxksa dh {kerk dk nksgu djus 
esa enn djsxk vkSj ;qokvksa dks varfj{k foKku 
osQ lkFk&lkFk jkԻ osQ fodkl esa ;ksxnku djus 
dk volj çnku djsxkA varfj{k vuqç;ksxksa dk 
nk;jk tEew&d'ehj vkSj c`gÙkj fgeky;h {ks=k 
osQ fy, fo'ks"k :i ls çklafxd gS D;ksafd 
bldh vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj fuokl LFky ouLifr 
vkPNknu] ou {ks=k] fge] HkwL•yu] fgeL•yu] 
Hkwty] es?kkoj.k] ok;qeaMyh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa 
vkfn ls çHkkfor gSa vkSj bu ij lqnwj laosnu 
(fjeksV lsaflax) osQ tfj, varfj{k ls vklkuh 
ls utj j•h tk ldrh gSA bl osQaæ esa fLFkr 
fjeksV lsaflax vkSj thvkbZ,l ç;ksx'kkyk,a ok;q 
çnw"kdksa vkSj d.kkdkj inkFkks± dh fLFkfr vkSj 
iwokZuqeku dk ewY;kadu djus esa lgk;d gSaA 
lkFk gh os rkieku mRØe.k vkSj ok;qeaMyh; 
fLFkjrk osQ lkFk muosQ ijLij lEcUèk dk irk 
yxkrh gSa vkSj eslksLosQy ok;qeaMyh; ekWMy 
vkSj 3Mh&oh,vkj MkVk ,flfeys'ku rduhd 
dk mi;ksx djosQ tEew&d'ehj osQ ekSle dh 
?kVukvksa dh eslksLosQy ekWMfyax djrh gSaA {ks=k 
ys•d tEew osQaæh; fo'ofo|ky; esa ,lksfl,V çksisQlj gSaA bZesy% vinay.phy@cujammu.ac.in
vkdk'k ls ijs
MkW fou; oqQekj
va
esa ckjEckj vkus okyh çkÑfrd vkinkvksa dks è;ku esa j•rs gq, ekSle 
vkSj ok;qeaMyh; vuqlaèkku osQ fy, bl {ks=k dh Hkw&vkèkkfjr i;Zos{k.k 
{kerkvksa dks etcwr djus dh vko';drk dk Hkh vR;Ur egRo gSA 
bl osQaæ dh LFkkiuk tEew&d'ehj {ks=k osQ fodkl osQ fy, mHkjrh 
Hkw&LFkkfud vkSj varfj{k çkS|ksfxdh vko';drkvksa dks Hkh iwjh djsxhA
lh;wts osQ lrh'k èkou varfj{k foKku osQaæ esa Hkw&LFkkfud MkVk 
fo'ys"k.k dh lqfoèkk,a gksaxh tks çkÑfrd lalkèkuksa osQ lrr mi;ksx 
vkSj Hkwfe&mi;ksx iSVuZ dh ;kstuk cukus esa 
enn djsaxhA blesa ok;qeaMyh; vè;;u osQ 
fy, Hkw&vkèkkfjr i;Zos{k.k lqfoèkk,¡ gksaxhA 
;gk¡ •xksy HkkSfrdh vkSj ok;qeaMyh; laosnu 
osQ fy, ,d 'kksèk ç;ksx'kkyk osQ vykok 
mÙkj Hkkjr dh ufn;ksa esa ekSleh fge] ciQZ 
vkSj fgeunksa osQ :i esa laxzfgr cM+h ek=kk 
esa ty osQ csgrj mi;ksx osQ fy, Xysf'k;j 
vè;;u ç;ksx'kkyk gksxhA blosQ vykok ;gka 
vkink çcUèku osQaæ Hkh LFkkfir fd;k tk,xk 
tks tEew&d'ehj {ks=k esa ck<+] HkwL•yu] taxy 
esa yxus okyh vkx] lw•k vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu 
tSlh fofHk vkinkvksa ij vuqlaèkku djsxkA ;g 
osQaæ tEew vkSj d'ehj osQ vkl&ikl osQ {ks=k esa 
tyok;q vkSj ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k dh lajpuk ij 
ck;ks,jkslksy osQ fofoèk çHkkoksa dk irk yxkus esa 
Hkh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk jgk gSA
,lMhlh,l,l tEew vkSj d'ehj esa 
LFkkfir viuh rjg dk igyk laLFkku gSA ;g 
osQaæ varfj{k foKku osQ {ks=k esa f'k{kk osQ fy, 
u, rjhdksa dh ,d fo'kky  Ük`a•yk çnku 
djrk gSA lgk;d çkS|ksfxdh ls ykHkkfUor 
fo'ks"k vko';drkvksa okys tEew&d'ehj osQ 
f'kf{kr yksxksa osQ fy, jkst+xkj osQ vfèkd 
volj çkIr gksaxsA                   n
i`Foh osQ Åijh ok;qeaMy ;k mlls ijs ços'k djus okys varfj{k ;ku ls fd, x, vuqlaèkku osQ :i esa 
ifjHkkf"kr varfj{k foKku esa ekSle foKku] HkwfoKku] paæ] lkSj] xzg foKku] •xksy foKku vkSj •xksy 
HkkSfrdh lfgr vusd {ks=k 'kkfey gSaA mÂr vuqlaèkku osQ tfj;s tEew&d'ehj vkSj yík• {ks=k us varfj{k 
foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh osQ {ks=k esa vikj laHkkouk n'kkZ;h gSA
varfj{k vuqç;ksxksa dk nk;jk 
tEew&d'ehj vkSj c`gÙkj 
fgeky;h {ks=k osQ fy, fo'ks"k 
:i ls çklafxd gS D;ksafd bldh 
vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj fuokl LFky 
ouLifr vkPNknu] ou {ks=k] fge] 
HkwL•yu] fgeL•yu] Hkwty] 
es?kkoj.k] ok;qeaMyh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa 
vkfn ls çHkkfor gSa vkSj bu ij 
lqnwj laosnu (fjeksV lsaflax) osQ 
tfj, varfj{k ls vklkuh ls utj 
j•h tk ldrh gSA
Page 2


54 ;kstuk] flrEcj 2022
varfj{k foKku
rfj{k foKku vkSj mlosQ vuqç;ksxksa dks le>us osQ fy, 
Hkkjrh; varfj{k vuqlaèkku laxBu (bljks) us ns'k osQ 
fofHk Hkkxksa esa dbZ laLFkku LFkkfir fd, gSaA muesa tEew 
vkSj d'ehj 'kkfey gS tgka bljks vkSj tEew osQaæh; fo'ofo|ky; 
(lh;wts) osQ lg;ksx ls ,d mÂr varfj{k vuqlaèkku osQaæ lrh'k èkou 
varfj{k foKku osQaæ (,lMhlh,l,l) tEew osQaæh; fo'ofo|ky; 
LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA
lh;wts esa ,lMhlh,l,l dh 
LFkkiuk blosQ mÙkj Hkkjr esa çeq• osQaæ 
gksus osQ ukrs tEew&d'ehj osQ fy, ,d  
egRoiw.kZ miyfCèk gSA ;g osQaæ bl {ks=k osQ fy, 
varfj{k vuqç;ksxksa dh {kerk dk nksgu djus 
esa enn djsxk vkSj ;qokvksa dks varfj{k foKku 
osQ lkFk&lkFk jkԻ osQ fodkl esa ;ksxnku djus 
dk volj çnku djsxkA varfj{k vuqç;ksxksa dk 
nk;jk tEew&d'ehj vkSj c`gÙkj fgeky;h {ks=k 
osQ fy, fo'ks"k :i ls çklafxd gS D;ksafd 
bldh vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj fuokl LFky ouLifr 
vkPNknu] ou {ks=k] fge] HkwL•yu] fgeL•yu] 
Hkwty] es?kkoj.k] ok;qeaMyh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa 
vkfn ls çHkkfor gSa vkSj bu ij lqnwj laosnu 
(fjeksV lsaflax) osQ tfj, varfj{k ls vklkuh 
ls utj j•h tk ldrh gSA bl osQaæ esa fLFkr 
fjeksV lsaflax vkSj thvkbZ,l ç;ksx'kkyk,a ok;q 
çnw"kdksa vkSj d.kkdkj inkFkks± dh fLFkfr vkSj 
iwokZuqeku dk ewY;kadu djus esa lgk;d gSaA 
lkFk gh os rkieku mRØe.k vkSj ok;qeaMyh; 
fLFkjrk osQ lkFk muosQ ijLij lEcUèk dk irk 
yxkrh gSa vkSj eslksLosQy ok;qeaMyh; ekWMy 
vkSj 3Mh&oh,vkj MkVk ,flfeys'ku rduhd 
dk mi;ksx djosQ tEew&d'ehj osQ ekSle dh 
?kVukvksa dh eslksLosQy ekWMfyax djrh gSaA {ks=k 
ys•d tEew osQaæh; fo'ofo|ky; esa ,lksfl,V çksisQlj gSaA bZesy% vinay.phy@cujammu.ac.in
vkdk'k ls ijs
MkW fou; oqQekj
va
esa ckjEckj vkus okyh çkÑfrd vkinkvksa dks è;ku esa j•rs gq, ekSle 
vkSj ok;qeaMyh; vuqlaèkku osQ fy, bl {ks=k dh Hkw&vkèkkfjr i;Zos{k.k 
{kerkvksa dks etcwr djus dh vko';drk dk Hkh vR;Ur egRo gSA 
bl osQaæ dh LFkkiuk tEew&d'ehj {ks=k osQ fodkl osQ fy, mHkjrh 
Hkw&LFkkfud vkSj varfj{k çkS|ksfxdh vko';drkvksa dks Hkh iwjh djsxhA
lh;wts osQ lrh'k èkou varfj{k foKku osQaæ esa Hkw&LFkkfud MkVk 
fo'ys"k.k dh lqfoèkk,a gksaxh tks çkÑfrd lalkèkuksa osQ lrr mi;ksx 
vkSj Hkwfe&mi;ksx iSVuZ dh ;kstuk cukus esa 
enn djsaxhA blesa ok;qeaMyh; vè;;u osQ 
fy, Hkw&vkèkkfjr i;Zos{k.k lqfoèkk,¡ gksaxhA 
;gk¡ •xksy HkkSfrdh vkSj ok;qeaMyh; laosnu 
osQ fy, ,d 'kksèk ç;ksx'kkyk osQ vykok 
mÙkj Hkkjr dh ufn;ksa esa ekSleh fge] ciQZ 
vkSj fgeunksa osQ :i esa laxzfgr cM+h ek=kk 
esa ty osQ csgrj mi;ksx osQ fy, Xysf'k;j 
vè;;u ç;ksx'kkyk gksxhA blosQ vykok ;gka 
vkink çcUèku osQaæ Hkh LFkkfir fd;k tk,xk 
tks tEew&d'ehj {ks=k esa ck<+] HkwL•yu] taxy 
esa yxus okyh vkx] lw•k vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu 
tSlh fofHk vkinkvksa ij vuqlaèkku djsxkA ;g 
osQaæ tEew vkSj d'ehj osQ vkl&ikl osQ {ks=k esa 
tyok;q vkSj ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k dh lajpuk ij 
ck;ks,jkslksy osQ fofoèk çHkkoksa dk irk yxkus esa 
Hkh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk jgk gSA
,lMhlh,l,l tEew vkSj d'ehj esa 
LFkkfir viuh rjg dk igyk laLFkku gSA ;g 
osQaæ varfj{k foKku osQ {ks=k esa f'k{kk osQ fy, 
u, rjhdksa dh ,d fo'kky  Ük`a•yk çnku 
djrk gSA lgk;d çkS|ksfxdh ls ykHkkfUor 
fo'ks"k vko';drkvksa okys tEew&d'ehj osQ 
f'kf{kr yksxksa osQ fy, jkst+xkj osQ vfèkd 
volj çkIr gksaxsA                   n
i`Foh osQ Åijh ok;qeaMy ;k mlls ijs ços'k djus okys varfj{k ;ku ls fd, x, vuqlaèkku osQ :i esa 
ifjHkkf"kr varfj{k foKku esa ekSle foKku] HkwfoKku] paæ] lkSj] xzg foKku] •xksy foKku vkSj •xksy 
HkkSfrdh lfgr vusd {ks=k 'kkfey gSaA mÂr vuqlaèkku osQ tfj;s tEew&d'ehj vkSj yík• {ks=k us varfj{k 
foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh osQ {ks=k esa vikj laHkkouk n'kkZ;h gSA
varfj{k vuqç;ksxksa dk nk;jk 
tEew&d'ehj vkSj c`gÙkj 
fgeky;h {ks=k osQ fy, fo'ks"k 
:i ls çklafxd gS D;ksafd bldh 
vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj fuokl LFky 
ouLifr vkPNknu] ou {ks=k] fge] 
HkwL•yu] fgeL•yu] Hkwty] 
es?kkoj.k] ok;qeaMyh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa 
vkfn ls çHkkfor gSa vkSj bu ij 
lqnwj laosnu (fjeksV lsaflax) osQ 
tfj, varfj{k ls vklkuh ls utj 
j•h tk ldrh gSA
;kstuk] flrEcj 2022 55
guys varfj{k osèk'kkyk
,
d gkfy;k vè;;u esa dgk x;k gS fd yík• esa ysg 
osQ ikl guys esa fLFkr Hkkjrh; •xksyh; osèk'kkyk 
(vkbZ,vks) fo'o Lrj ij lcls mnh;eku osèk'kkyk LFkyksa esa 
ls ,d cu jgk gSA ;g blosQ ykHkksa tSls vfèkd lki+Q jkrsa] 
U;wure çdk'k çnw"k.k] gok esa rjy cwansa ;kuh ,jkslksy dh 
l?kurk] vR;ar 'kq"d ok;qeaMyh; fLFkfr vkSj o"kkZ ls vckfèkr 
gksus osQ dkj.k gSA
•xksyfon~ dbZ o"kks± osQ nkSjku ,df=kr LFkkuh; ekSle 
lacaèkh vkadM+ksa osQ vkèkkj ij vius vkxkeh cM+s VsfyLdksi 
cukus osQ fy, nqfu;k Hkj esa mi;qDr LFkkuksa dh yxkrkj •kst 
dj jgs gSaA bl rjg osQ vè;;u Hkkoh osèk'kkykvksa dh ;kstuk 
cukus vkSj ;g iwokZuqeku yxkus esa egRoiw.kZ gSa fd os le; 
osQ lkFk oSQls cnysaxsA
Hkkjr osQ 'kksèkdrkZvksa vkSj muosQ lg;ksfx;ksa us 8 Å¡pkbZ 
okys osèk'kkykvksa esa jkf=kdky osQ cknyksa osQ te?kV osQ va'k 
dk foLr`r vè;;u fd;k ftlesa Hkkjr esa rhu ;kuh guys 
vkSj ejd (yík•) vkSj nsoLFky (uSuhrky) esa fLFkr Hkkjrh; 
•xksyh; osèk'kkyk (vkbZ,vks) 'kkfey gSaA
fnXik&jRlk jh] guys dk jk‘ªh; osèk'kkyk osQ fy, 
laHkkfor LFky osQ :i esa p;u Hkkjrh; miegk}hi ij ekSle 
lacaèkh fLFkfr;ksa osQ vè;;u] fgeky; vkSj Vªkal&fgeky;h 
{ks=kksa esa mPp Å¡pkbZ okys bykdksa osQ LFkykÑfrd ekufp=kksa 
osQ vè;;u vkSj lkFk&lkFk flracj 1993 esa Ng lEHkkfor 
LFkyksa osQ Vksgh loZs{k.k osQ ckn fd;k x;k FkkA blosQ 
vfrfjDr tuojh vkSj twu 1994 esa laLFkku osQ oSKkfudksa vkSj 
bathfu;jksa us bl LFky osQ nkSjs fd;sA LFkk;h LFky loZs{k.k 
f'kfoj fnlacj 1994 esa fnX?ik&jRlk jh osQ mÙkj esa uhye•qy 
eSnkuh {ks=k osQ fljs ij LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA LFky dk 
foLr`r fu:i.k tuojh 1995 esa 'kq: gqvk vkSj vkt rd 
tkjh gSA
fnXik&jRlk jh dh lcls Å¡ph pksVh 4517 ehVj dh 
Å¡pkbZ ij gS vkSj bldk uke ljLorh ioZr j•k x;k gSA 
vklikl dk uhye•qy eSnkuh {ks=k leqæ ry ls 4240 ehVj 
dh Å¡pkbZ ij gSA ;g  Ük`a•yk 2 fd-eh- iwoZ&if'pe vkSj  
1 fd-eh- mÙkj&nf{k.k esa iSQyh gS ftldk 'kh"kZ yxHkx vkèkk 
oxZ fd-eh- lery {ks=k gSA pksVh esa oqQN pV~Vkuh Vhys gSa ftUgsa 
oqQN ehVj rd lery fd;k x;k gSA nks ehVj pkSM+kbZ okyk 
fgeky;h paæ VsyhLdksi (,plhVh) dk LFkku f'k•j osQ iwoZ 
esa ,e,l,y ls 4500 ehVj dh Å¡pkbZ ij gSA
fofHk •xksy&tyok;q ekinaMksa osQ dbZ o"kks± osQ vkadM+ksa 
dh tkap djus osQ ckn bafM;u baLVhV~;wV vkWiQ ,LVªksfiQftDl 
(vkbZvkbZ,) us 2000 esa Hkkjrh; •xksyh; osèk'kkyk 
(vkbZ,vks)] guys esa 2&ehVj ,ipZj okyk fgeky;h paæ 
VsyhLdksi (,plhVh) LFkkfir fd;kA blosQ ckn bl LFky 
dh fof'k‘rk osQ dkj.k ns'k osQ vusd laLFkkuksa }kjk guys esa 
vkWfIVdy vkSj bUÚkjsM osocSaM ij lapkfyr dbZ •xksyh; 
VsyhLdksiksa dks LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA                 n
Ïksr% ihvkbZch vkSj U;wt+vkWu,;j
Page 3


54 ;kstuk] flrEcj 2022
varfj{k foKku
rfj{k foKku vkSj mlosQ vuqç;ksxksa dks le>us osQ fy, 
Hkkjrh; varfj{k vuqlaèkku laxBu (bljks) us ns'k osQ 
fofHk Hkkxksa esa dbZ laLFkku LFkkfir fd, gSaA muesa tEew 
vkSj d'ehj 'kkfey gS tgka bljks vkSj tEew osQaæh; fo'ofo|ky; 
(lh;wts) osQ lg;ksx ls ,d mÂr varfj{k vuqlaèkku osQaæ lrh'k èkou 
varfj{k foKku osQaæ (,lMhlh,l,l) tEew osQaæh; fo'ofo|ky; 
LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA
lh;wts esa ,lMhlh,l,l dh 
LFkkiuk blosQ mÙkj Hkkjr esa çeq• osQaæ 
gksus osQ ukrs tEew&d'ehj osQ fy, ,d  
egRoiw.kZ miyfCèk gSA ;g osQaæ bl {ks=k osQ fy, 
varfj{k vuqç;ksxksa dh {kerk dk nksgu djus 
esa enn djsxk vkSj ;qokvksa dks varfj{k foKku 
osQ lkFk&lkFk jkԻ osQ fodkl esa ;ksxnku djus 
dk volj çnku djsxkA varfj{k vuqç;ksxksa dk 
nk;jk tEew&d'ehj vkSj c`gÙkj fgeky;h {ks=k 
osQ fy, fo'ks"k :i ls çklafxd gS D;ksafd 
bldh vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj fuokl LFky ouLifr 
vkPNknu] ou {ks=k] fge] HkwL•yu] fgeL•yu] 
Hkwty] es?kkoj.k] ok;qeaMyh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa 
vkfn ls çHkkfor gSa vkSj bu ij lqnwj laosnu 
(fjeksV lsaflax) osQ tfj, varfj{k ls vklkuh 
ls utj j•h tk ldrh gSA bl osQaæ esa fLFkr 
fjeksV lsaflax vkSj thvkbZ,l ç;ksx'kkyk,a ok;q 
çnw"kdksa vkSj d.kkdkj inkFkks± dh fLFkfr vkSj 
iwokZuqeku dk ewY;kadu djus esa lgk;d gSaA 
lkFk gh os rkieku mRØe.k vkSj ok;qeaMyh; 
fLFkjrk osQ lkFk muosQ ijLij lEcUèk dk irk 
yxkrh gSa vkSj eslksLosQy ok;qeaMyh; ekWMy 
vkSj 3Mh&oh,vkj MkVk ,flfeys'ku rduhd 
dk mi;ksx djosQ tEew&d'ehj osQ ekSle dh 
?kVukvksa dh eslksLosQy ekWMfyax djrh gSaA {ks=k 
ys•d tEew osQaæh; fo'ofo|ky; esa ,lksfl,V çksisQlj gSaA bZesy% vinay.phy@cujammu.ac.in
vkdk'k ls ijs
MkW fou; oqQekj
va
esa ckjEckj vkus okyh çkÑfrd vkinkvksa dks è;ku esa j•rs gq, ekSle 
vkSj ok;qeaMyh; vuqlaèkku osQ fy, bl {ks=k dh Hkw&vkèkkfjr i;Zos{k.k 
{kerkvksa dks etcwr djus dh vko';drk dk Hkh vR;Ur egRo gSA 
bl osQaæ dh LFkkiuk tEew&d'ehj {ks=k osQ fodkl osQ fy, mHkjrh 
Hkw&LFkkfud vkSj varfj{k çkS|ksfxdh vko';drkvksa dks Hkh iwjh djsxhA
lh;wts osQ lrh'k èkou varfj{k foKku osQaæ esa Hkw&LFkkfud MkVk 
fo'ys"k.k dh lqfoèkk,a gksaxh tks çkÑfrd lalkèkuksa osQ lrr mi;ksx 
vkSj Hkwfe&mi;ksx iSVuZ dh ;kstuk cukus esa 
enn djsaxhA blesa ok;qeaMyh; vè;;u osQ 
fy, Hkw&vkèkkfjr i;Zos{k.k lqfoèkk,¡ gksaxhA 
;gk¡ •xksy HkkSfrdh vkSj ok;qeaMyh; laosnu 
osQ fy, ,d 'kksèk ç;ksx'kkyk osQ vykok 
mÙkj Hkkjr dh ufn;ksa esa ekSleh fge] ciQZ 
vkSj fgeunksa osQ :i esa laxzfgr cM+h ek=kk 
esa ty osQ csgrj mi;ksx osQ fy, Xysf'k;j 
vè;;u ç;ksx'kkyk gksxhA blosQ vykok ;gka 
vkink çcUèku osQaæ Hkh LFkkfir fd;k tk,xk 
tks tEew&d'ehj {ks=k esa ck<+] HkwL•yu] taxy 
esa yxus okyh vkx] lw•k vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu 
tSlh fofHk vkinkvksa ij vuqlaèkku djsxkA ;g 
osQaæ tEew vkSj d'ehj osQ vkl&ikl osQ {ks=k esa 
tyok;q vkSj ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k dh lajpuk ij 
ck;ks,jkslksy osQ fofoèk çHkkoksa dk irk yxkus esa 
Hkh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk jgk gSA
,lMhlh,l,l tEew vkSj d'ehj esa 
LFkkfir viuh rjg dk igyk laLFkku gSA ;g 
osQaæ varfj{k foKku osQ {ks=k esa f'k{kk osQ fy, 
u, rjhdksa dh ,d fo'kky  Ük`a•yk çnku 
djrk gSA lgk;d çkS|ksfxdh ls ykHkkfUor 
fo'ks"k vko';drkvksa okys tEew&d'ehj osQ 
f'kf{kr yksxksa osQ fy, jkst+xkj osQ vfèkd 
volj çkIr gksaxsA                   n
i`Foh osQ Åijh ok;qeaMy ;k mlls ijs ços'k djus okys varfj{k ;ku ls fd, x, vuqlaèkku osQ :i esa 
ifjHkkf"kr varfj{k foKku esa ekSle foKku] HkwfoKku] paæ] lkSj] xzg foKku] •xksy foKku vkSj •xksy 
HkkSfrdh lfgr vusd {ks=k 'kkfey gSaA mÂr vuqlaèkku osQ tfj;s tEew&d'ehj vkSj yík• {ks=k us varfj{k 
foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh osQ {ks=k esa vikj laHkkouk n'kkZ;h gSA
varfj{k vuqç;ksxksa dk nk;jk 
tEew&d'ehj vkSj c`gÙkj 
fgeky;h {ks=k osQ fy, fo'ks"k 
:i ls çklafxd gS D;ksafd bldh 
vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj fuokl LFky 
ouLifr vkPNknu] ou {ks=k] fge] 
HkwL•yu] fgeL•yu] Hkwty] 
es?kkoj.k] ok;qeaMyh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa 
vkfn ls çHkkfor gSa vkSj bu ij 
lqnwj laosnu (fjeksV lsaflax) osQ 
tfj, varfj{k ls vklkuh ls utj 
j•h tk ldrh gSA
;kstuk] flrEcj 2022 55
guys varfj{k osèk'kkyk
,
d gkfy;k vè;;u esa dgk x;k gS fd yík• esa ysg 
osQ ikl guys esa fLFkr Hkkjrh; •xksyh; osèk'kkyk 
(vkbZ,vks) fo'o Lrj ij lcls mnh;eku osèk'kkyk LFkyksa esa 
ls ,d cu jgk gSA ;g blosQ ykHkksa tSls vfèkd lki+Q jkrsa] 
U;wure çdk'k çnw"k.k] gok esa rjy cwansa ;kuh ,jkslksy dh 
l?kurk] vR;ar 'kq"d ok;qeaMyh; fLFkfr vkSj o"kkZ ls vckfèkr 
gksus osQ dkj.k gSA
•xksyfon~ dbZ o"kks± osQ nkSjku ,df=kr LFkkuh; ekSle 
lacaèkh vkadM+ksa osQ vkèkkj ij vius vkxkeh cM+s VsfyLdksi 
cukus osQ fy, nqfu;k Hkj esa mi;qDr LFkkuksa dh yxkrkj •kst 
dj jgs gSaA bl rjg osQ vè;;u Hkkoh osèk'kkykvksa dh ;kstuk 
cukus vkSj ;g iwokZuqeku yxkus esa egRoiw.kZ gSa fd os le; 
osQ lkFk oSQls cnysaxsA
Hkkjr osQ 'kksèkdrkZvksa vkSj muosQ lg;ksfx;ksa us 8 Å¡pkbZ 
okys osèk'kkykvksa esa jkf=kdky osQ cknyksa osQ te?kV osQ va'k 
dk foLr`r vè;;u fd;k ftlesa Hkkjr esa rhu ;kuh guys 
vkSj ejd (yík•) vkSj nsoLFky (uSuhrky) esa fLFkr Hkkjrh; 
•xksyh; osèk'kkyk (vkbZ,vks) 'kkfey gSaA
fnXik&jRlk jh] guys dk jk‘ªh; osèk'kkyk osQ fy, 
laHkkfor LFky osQ :i esa p;u Hkkjrh; miegk}hi ij ekSle 
lacaèkh fLFkfr;ksa osQ vè;;u] fgeky; vkSj Vªkal&fgeky;h 
{ks=kksa esa mPp Å¡pkbZ okys bykdksa osQ LFkykÑfrd ekufp=kksa 
osQ vè;;u vkSj lkFk&lkFk flracj 1993 esa Ng lEHkkfor 
LFkyksa osQ Vksgh loZs{k.k osQ ckn fd;k x;k FkkA blosQ 
vfrfjDr tuojh vkSj twu 1994 esa laLFkku osQ oSKkfudksa vkSj 
bathfu;jksa us bl LFky osQ nkSjs fd;sA LFkk;h LFky loZs{k.k 
f'kfoj fnlacj 1994 esa fnX?ik&jRlk jh osQ mÙkj esa uhye•qy 
eSnkuh {ks=k osQ fljs ij LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA LFky dk 
foLr`r fu:i.k tuojh 1995 esa 'kq: gqvk vkSj vkt rd 
tkjh gSA
fnXik&jRlk jh dh lcls Å¡ph pksVh 4517 ehVj dh 
Å¡pkbZ ij gS vkSj bldk uke ljLorh ioZr j•k x;k gSA 
vklikl dk uhye•qy eSnkuh {ks=k leqæ ry ls 4240 ehVj 
dh Å¡pkbZ ij gSA ;g  Ük`a•yk 2 fd-eh- iwoZ&if'pe vkSj  
1 fd-eh- mÙkj&nf{k.k esa iSQyh gS ftldk 'kh"kZ yxHkx vkèkk 
oxZ fd-eh- lery {ks=k gSA pksVh esa oqQN pV~Vkuh Vhys gSa ftUgsa 
oqQN ehVj rd lery fd;k x;k gSA nks ehVj pkSM+kbZ okyk 
fgeky;h paæ VsyhLdksi (,plhVh) dk LFkku f'k•j osQ iwoZ 
esa ,e,l,y ls 4500 ehVj dh Å¡pkbZ ij gSA
fofHk •xksy&tyok;q ekinaMksa osQ dbZ o"kks± osQ vkadM+ksa 
dh tkap djus osQ ckn bafM;u baLVhV~;wV vkWiQ ,LVªksfiQftDl 
(vkbZvkbZ,) us 2000 esa Hkkjrh; •xksyh; osèk'kkyk 
(vkbZ,vks)] guys esa 2&ehVj ,ipZj okyk fgeky;h paæ 
VsyhLdksi (,plhVh) LFkkfir fd;kA blosQ ckn bl LFky 
dh fof'k‘rk osQ dkj.k ns'k osQ vusd laLFkkuksa }kjk guys esa 
vkWfIVdy vkSj bUÚkjsM osocSaM ij lapkfyr dbZ •xksyh; 
VsyhLdksiksa dks LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA                 n
Ïksr% ihvkbZch vkSj U;wt+vkWu,;j
;kstuk] flrEcj 2022 57
LÑr lkfgfR;d lekykspuk] vè;kRe vkSj dkO;& 
'kkÐ osQ mn~Hko vkSj fodkl esa d'ehj dk vR;ar 
egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA d'ehj vusd Js’ lkfgfR;d 
lekykspdksa] fl¼kardkjksa] nk'kZfudksa vkSj Vhdkdkjksa dh 
tUe&LFkyh vkSj deZ&LFkyh jgk gSA ikf.kfu] paækpk;Z] Hkjr] 
{ksesUæ] vfHkuoxqIr] olqxqIr] lksekuan] lksenso] fcYg.k] dYg.k] 
iratfy] vkuanoèkZu tSls vusd euh"kh gq, gSa ftUgksaus Hkkjr esa 
Hkk"kk] lkfgR;] bfrgkl vkSj n'kZu osQ fodkl esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku 
fn;k gSA tgka ikf.kfu dh v‘kè;k;h laLÑr O;kdj.k dk vkèkkj 
gS] ogha Hkkjr dk ukV~;'kkÐ ukVd&foèkk osQ fl¼karksa dk ewyHkwr 
xzaFk gSA vkSfpR;] xq.k] jhfr vkSj èofu osQ fl¼kUrdkO;&'kkÐ esa 
d'ehj osQ gh ;ksxnku gSaA ;s fl¼kUr lkfgR; rFkk lkSan;Z&'kkÐ 
dh lHkh fopkjèkkjkvksa esa lfÂfgr gSaA d'ehj esa gh ,sfrgkfld 
prqFkZ ckS¼ laxhfr vk;ksftr dh xbZ Fkh ftlesa v'o?kks"k tSls 
vusd mRÑ‘ ckS¼ fo}ku 'kkfey gq, FksA ckS¼ vkSj 'kSo erksa ls 
lwiQh fjok;r rd µ d'ehj osQ lkfgfR;d&lkaLÑfrd ifjn`'; us 
Hkkjr esa jgL;okn rFkk lkfgR; dh ijEijk dks le`¼ fd;k gSA 
11oha 'krkCnh osQ egku nk'kZfud vfHkuoxqIr dk uke 
d'ehj osQ 'kSo n'kZu osQ lkFk 
vfHk :i ls tqM+k gSA bl n'kZu 
esa vkHkkl&okn (varnZ`f‘) rFkk 
çR;fHkKk (Le`fr&tU; Kku) dh 
èkkj.kkvksa dh O;k[;k dh xbZ 
gSA vfHkuoxqIr us u osQoy bu  
èkkj.kkvksa dks lS¼kfUrd :i fn;k] 
cfYd bUgsa lkSUn;Z&'kkÐ ls Hkh 
tksM+rs gq,] Hkjr osQ ukV~;&'kkÐ esa 
of.kZr vkB jlksa esa uoka µ'kkar jl 
Hkh tksM+kA ra=kkyksd] vfHkuoHkkjrh 
vkSj xhrkFkZ laxzg (Hkxon~xhrk ij 
Hkk";) muosQ çeq• xzaFk gSaA mudh 
jpuk ijekFkZlkj esa d'ehj osQ 'kSo 
la
ysf•dk t+kfdj gqlSu fnYyh dkWyst (fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;) osQ vaxzsth foHkkx esa vflLVsaV çksisQlj gSaA mUgksaus Hkkjrh; jgL;okn rFkk dkO; ls lEcfUèkr fo"k;ksa ij 
vusd iqLrosQa fy•h vkSj laikfnr dh gSaA bZesy% namrata.chaturvedi@gmail.com
d'ehj% dfork vkSj jgL;okn
MkW uezrk prqoZsnh
ckS¼ vkSj 'kSo erksa ls lwiQh fjok;r rd µ d'ehj osQ lkfgfR;d&lkaLÑfrd ifjn`'; us Hkkjr esa 
jgL;okn rFkk lkfgR; dh ijEijk dks le`¼ fd;k gSA
n'kZu dh O;k[;k djus okys 105 Nan gSaA chloha 'krkCnh esa Lokeh 
y{e.k tw us vius fofHk xzUFkksa µ tSls f'ko lwDr] foKku HkSjo] 
n ykbV vkWiQ ra=kk bu d'ehj 'kSfot+~e vkfn osQ tfj, bUgsa lajf{kr 
vkSj O;k[;kf;r fd;kA mUgksaus bl fo"k; ij vusd O;k[;ku Hkh 
fn, ftuosQ ohfM;ks muosQ f'k";ksa us cuk, vkSj çpkfjr fd, gSaA 
muosQ fuèku osQ ckn] mudh f'k"; çHkk nsoh d'ehj osQ 'kSo 
n'kZu osQ Kku rFkk ys•u dk çpkj&çlkj dj jgh gSaA ;ksfxuh 
'kkfjdk nsoh Lokeh y{e.k tw dh ?kfu’ f'k";k FkhaA uhjtkeV~Vw  
}kjk laikfnr iqLrd 'kkfjdknsoh% , ;ksfxuh vkWiQ d'ehj esa 
'kkfjdk nsoh osQ thou vkSj çKk ls lEcfUèkr ys• rFkk laLej.k 
laxzghr gSA 
vkè;kfRed nh{kk rFkk vfHkO;fDr dh ijEijk esa ge ns•rs gSa 
fd Kkuh tuksa dks muosQ f'k";ksa }kjk çk;% xq#] lar vFkok Lokeh 
tSls 'kCnksa ls lacksfèkr djrs gSa] pkgs os iq#"k gksa ;k ÐhA d'ehj 
esa jgL;okn osQ bfrgkl esa gesa ,d ç[;kr iq#"k f'k"; dks mudh 
xq#&ekrk }kjk nhf{kr fd, tkus dh okfpd ijEijk vkSj vk[;ku 
feyrs gSaA og f'k"; gSa uqan ½f"k] vkSj mudh ekr`&rqY; xq# 
ykynsn gSa ftUgsa d'ehj esa ½f"k (orjs'kh vksj #f'k) ijEijk 
n'kZuksa dk laxe 
Page 4


54 ;kstuk] flrEcj 2022
varfj{k foKku
rfj{k foKku vkSj mlosQ vuqç;ksxksa dks le>us osQ fy, 
Hkkjrh; varfj{k vuqlaèkku laxBu (bljks) us ns'k osQ 
fofHk Hkkxksa esa dbZ laLFkku LFkkfir fd, gSaA muesa tEew 
vkSj d'ehj 'kkfey gS tgka bljks vkSj tEew osQaæh; fo'ofo|ky; 
(lh;wts) osQ lg;ksx ls ,d mÂr varfj{k vuqlaèkku osQaæ lrh'k èkou 
varfj{k foKku osQaæ (,lMhlh,l,l) tEew osQaæh; fo'ofo|ky; 
LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA
lh;wts esa ,lMhlh,l,l dh 
LFkkiuk blosQ mÙkj Hkkjr esa çeq• osQaæ 
gksus osQ ukrs tEew&d'ehj osQ fy, ,d  
egRoiw.kZ miyfCèk gSA ;g osQaæ bl {ks=k osQ fy, 
varfj{k vuqç;ksxksa dh {kerk dk nksgu djus 
esa enn djsxk vkSj ;qokvksa dks varfj{k foKku 
osQ lkFk&lkFk jkԻ osQ fodkl esa ;ksxnku djus 
dk volj çnku djsxkA varfj{k vuqç;ksxksa dk 
nk;jk tEew&d'ehj vkSj c`gÙkj fgeky;h {ks=k 
osQ fy, fo'ks"k :i ls çklafxd gS D;ksafd 
bldh vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj fuokl LFky ouLifr 
vkPNknu] ou {ks=k] fge] HkwL•yu] fgeL•yu] 
Hkwty] es?kkoj.k] ok;qeaMyh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa 
vkfn ls çHkkfor gSa vkSj bu ij lqnwj laosnu 
(fjeksV lsaflax) osQ tfj, varfj{k ls vklkuh 
ls utj j•h tk ldrh gSA bl osQaæ esa fLFkr 
fjeksV lsaflax vkSj thvkbZ,l ç;ksx'kkyk,a ok;q 
çnw"kdksa vkSj d.kkdkj inkFkks± dh fLFkfr vkSj 
iwokZuqeku dk ewY;kadu djus esa lgk;d gSaA 
lkFk gh os rkieku mRØe.k vkSj ok;qeaMyh; 
fLFkjrk osQ lkFk muosQ ijLij lEcUèk dk irk 
yxkrh gSa vkSj eslksLosQy ok;qeaMyh; ekWMy 
vkSj 3Mh&oh,vkj MkVk ,flfeys'ku rduhd 
dk mi;ksx djosQ tEew&d'ehj osQ ekSle dh 
?kVukvksa dh eslksLosQy ekWMfyax djrh gSaA {ks=k 
ys•d tEew osQaæh; fo'ofo|ky; esa ,lksfl,V çksisQlj gSaA bZesy% vinay.phy@cujammu.ac.in
vkdk'k ls ijs
MkW fou; oqQekj
va
esa ckjEckj vkus okyh çkÑfrd vkinkvksa dks è;ku esa j•rs gq, ekSle 
vkSj ok;qeaMyh; vuqlaèkku osQ fy, bl {ks=k dh Hkw&vkèkkfjr i;Zos{k.k 
{kerkvksa dks etcwr djus dh vko';drk dk Hkh vR;Ur egRo gSA 
bl osQaæ dh LFkkiuk tEew&d'ehj {ks=k osQ fodkl osQ fy, mHkjrh 
Hkw&LFkkfud vkSj varfj{k çkS|ksfxdh vko';drkvksa dks Hkh iwjh djsxhA
lh;wts osQ lrh'k èkou varfj{k foKku osQaæ esa Hkw&LFkkfud MkVk 
fo'ys"k.k dh lqfoèkk,a gksaxh tks çkÑfrd lalkèkuksa osQ lrr mi;ksx 
vkSj Hkwfe&mi;ksx iSVuZ dh ;kstuk cukus esa 
enn djsaxhA blesa ok;qeaMyh; vè;;u osQ 
fy, Hkw&vkèkkfjr i;Zos{k.k lqfoèkk,¡ gksaxhA 
;gk¡ •xksy HkkSfrdh vkSj ok;qeaMyh; laosnu 
osQ fy, ,d 'kksèk ç;ksx'kkyk osQ vykok 
mÙkj Hkkjr dh ufn;ksa esa ekSleh fge] ciQZ 
vkSj fgeunksa osQ :i esa laxzfgr cM+h ek=kk 
esa ty osQ csgrj mi;ksx osQ fy, Xysf'k;j 
vè;;u ç;ksx'kkyk gksxhA blosQ vykok ;gka 
vkink çcUèku osQaæ Hkh LFkkfir fd;k tk,xk 
tks tEew&d'ehj {ks=k esa ck<+] HkwL•yu] taxy 
esa yxus okyh vkx] lw•k vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu 
tSlh fofHk vkinkvksa ij vuqlaèkku djsxkA ;g 
osQaæ tEew vkSj d'ehj osQ vkl&ikl osQ {ks=k esa 
tyok;q vkSj ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k dh lajpuk ij 
ck;ks,jkslksy osQ fofoèk çHkkoksa dk irk yxkus esa 
Hkh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk jgk gSA
,lMhlh,l,l tEew vkSj d'ehj esa 
LFkkfir viuh rjg dk igyk laLFkku gSA ;g 
osQaæ varfj{k foKku osQ {ks=k esa f'k{kk osQ fy, 
u, rjhdksa dh ,d fo'kky  Ük`a•yk çnku 
djrk gSA lgk;d çkS|ksfxdh ls ykHkkfUor 
fo'ks"k vko';drkvksa okys tEew&d'ehj osQ 
f'kf{kr yksxksa osQ fy, jkst+xkj osQ vfèkd 
volj çkIr gksaxsA                   n
i`Foh osQ Åijh ok;qeaMy ;k mlls ijs ços'k djus okys varfj{k ;ku ls fd, x, vuqlaèkku osQ :i esa 
ifjHkkf"kr varfj{k foKku esa ekSle foKku] HkwfoKku] paæ] lkSj] xzg foKku] •xksy foKku vkSj •xksy 
HkkSfrdh lfgr vusd {ks=k 'kkfey gSaA mÂr vuqlaèkku osQ tfj;s tEew&d'ehj vkSj yík• {ks=k us varfj{k 
foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh osQ {ks=k esa vikj laHkkouk n'kkZ;h gSA
varfj{k vuqç;ksxksa dk nk;jk 
tEew&d'ehj vkSj c`gÙkj 
fgeky;h {ks=k osQ fy, fo'ks"k 
:i ls çklafxd gS D;ksafd bldh 
vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj fuokl LFky 
ouLifr vkPNknu] ou {ks=k] fge] 
HkwL•yu] fgeL•yu] Hkwty] 
es?kkoj.k] ok;qeaMyh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa 
vkfn ls çHkkfor gSa vkSj bu ij 
lqnwj laosnu (fjeksV lsaflax) osQ 
tfj, varfj{k ls vklkuh ls utj 
j•h tk ldrh gSA
;kstuk] flrEcj 2022 55
guys varfj{k osèk'kkyk
,
d gkfy;k vè;;u esa dgk x;k gS fd yík• esa ysg 
osQ ikl guys esa fLFkr Hkkjrh; •xksyh; osèk'kkyk 
(vkbZ,vks) fo'o Lrj ij lcls mnh;eku osèk'kkyk LFkyksa esa 
ls ,d cu jgk gSA ;g blosQ ykHkksa tSls vfèkd lki+Q jkrsa] 
U;wure çdk'k çnw"k.k] gok esa rjy cwansa ;kuh ,jkslksy dh 
l?kurk] vR;ar 'kq"d ok;qeaMyh; fLFkfr vkSj o"kkZ ls vckfèkr 
gksus osQ dkj.k gSA
•xksyfon~ dbZ o"kks± osQ nkSjku ,df=kr LFkkuh; ekSle 
lacaèkh vkadM+ksa osQ vkèkkj ij vius vkxkeh cM+s VsfyLdksi 
cukus osQ fy, nqfu;k Hkj esa mi;qDr LFkkuksa dh yxkrkj •kst 
dj jgs gSaA bl rjg osQ vè;;u Hkkoh osèk'kkykvksa dh ;kstuk 
cukus vkSj ;g iwokZuqeku yxkus esa egRoiw.kZ gSa fd os le; 
osQ lkFk oSQls cnysaxsA
Hkkjr osQ 'kksèkdrkZvksa vkSj muosQ lg;ksfx;ksa us 8 Å¡pkbZ 
okys osèk'kkykvksa esa jkf=kdky osQ cknyksa osQ te?kV osQ va'k 
dk foLr`r vè;;u fd;k ftlesa Hkkjr esa rhu ;kuh guys 
vkSj ejd (yík•) vkSj nsoLFky (uSuhrky) esa fLFkr Hkkjrh; 
•xksyh; osèk'kkyk (vkbZ,vks) 'kkfey gSaA
fnXik&jRlk jh] guys dk jk‘ªh; osèk'kkyk osQ fy, 
laHkkfor LFky osQ :i esa p;u Hkkjrh; miegk}hi ij ekSle 
lacaèkh fLFkfr;ksa osQ vè;;u] fgeky; vkSj Vªkal&fgeky;h 
{ks=kksa esa mPp Å¡pkbZ okys bykdksa osQ LFkykÑfrd ekufp=kksa 
osQ vè;;u vkSj lkFk&lkFk flracj 1993 esa Ng lEHkkfor 
LFkyksa osQ Vksgh loZs{k.k osQ ckn fd;k x;k FkkA blosQ 
vfrfjDr tuojh vkSj twu 1994 esa laLFkku osQ oSKkfudksa vkSj 
bathfu;jksa us bl LFky osQ nkSjs fd;sA LFkk;h LFky loZs{k.k 
f'kfoj fnlacj 1994 esa fnX?ik&jRlk jh osQ mÙkj esa uhye•qy 
eSnkuh {ks=k osQ fljs ij LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA LFky dk 
foLr`r fu:i.k tuojh 1995 esa 'kq: gqvk vkSj vkt rd 
tkjh gSA
fnXik&jRlk jh dh lcls Å¡ph pksVh 4517 ehVj dh 
Å¡pkbZ ij gS vkSj bldk uke ljLorh ioZr j•k x;k gSA 
vklikl dk uhye•qy eSnkuh {ks=k leqæ ry ls 4240 ehVj 
dh Å¡pkbZ ij gSA ;g  Ük`a•yk 2 fd-eh- iwoZ&if'pe vkSj  
1 fd-eh- mÙkj&nf{k.k esa iSQyh gS ftldk 'kh"kZ yxHkx vkèkk 
oxZ fd-eh- lery {ks=k gSA pksVh esa oqQN pV~Vkuh Vhys gSa ftUgsa 
oqQN ehVj rd lery fd;k x;k gSA nks ehVj pkSM+kbZ okyk 
fgeky;h paæ VsyhLdksi (,plhVh) dk LFkku f'k•j osQ iwoZ 
esa ,e,l,y ls 4500 ehVj dh Å¡pkbZ ij gSA
fofHk •xksy&tyok;q ekinaMksa osQ dbZ o"kks± osQ vkadM+ksa 
dh tkap djus osQ ckn bafM;u baLVhV~;wV vkWiQ ,LVªksfiQftDl 
(vkbZvkbZ,) us 2000 esa Hkkjrh; •xksyh; osèk'kkyk 
(vkbZ,vks)] guys esa 2&ehVj ,ipZj okyk fgeky;h paæ 
VsyhLdksi (,plhVh) LFkkfir fd;kA blosQ ckn bl LFky 
dh fof'k‘rk osQ dkj.k ns'k osQ vusd laLFkkuksa }kjk guys esa 
vkWfIVdy vkSj bUÚkjsM osocSaM ij lapkfyr dbZ •xksyh; 
VsyhLdksiksa dks LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA                 n
Ïksr% ihvkbZch vkSj U;wt+vkWu,;j
;kstuk] flrEcj 2022 57
LÑr lkfgfR;d lekykspuk] vè;kRe vkSj dkO;& 
'kkÐ osQ mn~Hko vkSj fodkl esa d'ehj dk vR;ar 
egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA d'ehj vusd Js’ lkfgfR;d 
lekykspdksa] fl¼kardkjksa] nk'kZfudksa vkSj Vhdkdkjksa dh 
tUe&LFkyh vkSj deZ&LFkyh jgk gSA ikf.kfu] paækpk;Z] Hkjr] 
{ksesUæ] vfHkuoxqIr] olqxqIr] lksekuan] lksenso] fcYg.k] dYg.k] 
iratfy] vkuanoèkZu tSls vusd euh"kh gq, gSa ftUgksaus Hkkjr esa 
Hkk"kk] lkfgR;] bfrgkl vkSj n'kZu osQ fodkl esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku 
fn;k gSA tgka ikf.kfu dh v‘kè;k;h laLÑr O;kdj.k dk vkèkkj 
gS] ogha Hkkjr dk ukV~;'kkÐ ukVd&foèkk osQ fl¼karksa dk ewyHkwr 
xzaFk gSA vkSfpR;] xq.k] jhfr vkSj èofu osQ fl¼kUrdkO;&'kkÐ esa 
d'ehj osQ gh ;ksxnku gSaA ;s fl¼kUr lkfgR; rFkk lkSan;Z&'kkÐ 
dh lHkh fopkjèkkjkvksa esa lfÂfgr gSaA d'ehj esa gh ,sfrgkfld 
prqFkZ ckS¼ laxhfr vk;ksftr dh xbZ Fkh ftlesa v'o?kks"k tSls 
vusd mRÑ‘ ckS¼ fo}ku 'kkfey gq, FksA ckS¼ vkSj 'kSo erksa ls 
lwiQh fjok;r rd µ d'ehj osQ lkfgfR;d&lkaLÑfrd ifjn`'; us 
Hkkjr esa jgL;okn rFkk lkfgR; dh ijEijk dks le`¼ fd;k gSA 
11oha 'krkCnh osQ egku nk'kZfud vfHkuoxqIr dk uke 
d'ehj osQ 'kSo n'kZu osQ lkFk 
vfHk :i ls tqM+k gSA bl n'kZu 
esa vkHkkl&okn (varnZ`f‘) rFkk 
çR;fHkKk (Le`fr&tU; Kku) dh 
èkkj.kkvksa dh O;k[;k dh xbZ 
gSA vfHkuoxqIr us u osQoy bu  
èkkj.kkvksa dks lS¼kfUrd :i fn;k] 
cfYd bUgsa lkSUn;Z&'kkÐ ls Hkh 
tksM+rs gq,] Hkjr osQ ukV~;&'kkÐ esa 
of.kZr vkB jlksa esa uoka µ'kkar jl 
Hkh tksM+kA ra=kkyksd] vfHkuoHkkjrh 
vkSj xhrkFkZ laxzg (Hkxon~xhrk ij 
Hkk";) muosQ çeq• xzaFk gSaA mudh 
jpuk ijekFkZlkj esa d'ehj osQ 'kSo 
la
ysf•dk t+kfdj gqlSu fnYyh dkWyst (fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;) osQ vaxzsth foHkkx esa vflLVsaV çksisQlj gSaA mUgksaus Hkkjrh; jgL;okn rFkk dkO; ls lEcfUèkr fo"k;ksa ij 
vusd iqLrosQa fy•h vkSj laikfnr dh gSaA bZesy% namrata.chaturvedi@gmail.com
d'ehj% dfork vkSj jgL;okn
MkW uezrk prqoZsnh
ckS¼ vkSj 'kSo erksa ls lwiQh fjok;r rd µ d'ehj osQ lkfgfR;d&lkaLÑfrd ifjn`'; us Hkkjr esa 
jgL;okn rFkk lkfgR; dh ijEijk dks le`¼ fd;k gSA
n'kZu dh O;k[;k djus okys 105 Nan gSaA chloha 'krkCnh esa Lokeh 
y{e.k tw us vius fofHk xzUFkksa µ tSls f'ko lwDr] foKku HkSjo] 
n ykbV vkWiQ ra=kk bu d'ehj 'kSfot+~e vkfn osQ tfj, bUgsa lajf{kr 
vkSj O;k[;kf;r fd;kA mUgksaus bl fo"k; ij vusd O;k[;ku Hkh 
fn, ftuosQ ohfM;ks muosQ f'k";ksa us cuk, vkSj çpkfjr fd, gSaA 
muosQ fuèku osQ ckn] mudh f'k"; çHkk nsoh d'ehj osQ 'kSo 
n'kZu osQ Kku rFkk ys•u dk çpkj&çlkj dj jgh gSaA ;ksfxuh 
'kkfjdk nsoh Lokeh y{e.k tw dh ?kfu’ f'k";k FkhaA uhjtkeV~Vw  
}kjk laikfnr iqLrd 'kkfjdknsoh% , ;ksfxuh vkWiQ d'ehj esa 
'kkfjdk nsoh osQ thou vkSj çKk ls lEcfUèkr ys• rFkk laLej.k 
laxzghr gSA 
vkè;kfRed nh{kk rFkk vfHkO;fDr dh ijEijk esa ge ns•rs gSa 
fd Kkuh tuksa dks muosQ f'k";ksa }kjk çk;% xq#] lar vFkok Lokeh 
tSls 'kCnksa ls lacksfèkr djrs gSa] pkgs os iq#"k gksa ;k ÐhA d'ehj 
esa jgL;okn osQ bfrgkl esa gesa ,d ç[;kr iq#"k f'k"; dks mudh 
xq#&ekrk }kjk nhf{kr fd, tkus dh okfpd ijEijk vkSj vk[;ku 
feyrs gSaA og f'k"; gSa uqan ½f"k] vkSj mudh ekr`&rqY; xq# 
ykynsn gSa ftUgsa d'ehj esa ½f"k (orjs'kh vksj #f'k) ijEijk 
n'kZuksa dk laxe 
58 ;kstuk] flrEcj 2022
dh tuuh ekuk tkrk gSA pkSngoha 'krkCnh 
esa d'ehj esa vkè;kfRed okrkoj.k 
mRd"kZ ij FkkA mlh dky esa yky nsn 
tSlh lar&dfo;=kh us vius çfl¼ o• 
(pkj iafDr;ksa dh Nan jpuk,¡) jpsA 
okfpd xkFkkvksa esa dgk x;k gS fd 
mUgksaus ,d ckyd dks xksn fy;k] mls 
Lru&iku djk;k vkSj viuk f'k"; rFkk 
mÙkjkfèkdkjh cuk;kA ml ckyd dk tUe 
ls uke 'ks• uw#íhu Fkk vkSj og d'ehj 
dh ½f"k vFkok jsglqr ijEijk osQ çeq• 
lar cusA muosQ jgL;oknh fopkjksa esa 
d'ehj osQ 'kSo er vkSj lwiQh ijEijk osQ 
thou&ewY; lfÂfgr gSaA mUgksaus d'ehjh Hkk"kk esa Jq• dgs tkus 
okys pkj ls Ng iafDr;ksa okys Nan jpsA mUgksaus oqQjku 'kjhiQ dk 
d'ehjh Hkk"kk esa vuqokn Hkh fd;kA mUgksaus d'ehj esa jgL;okn 
dh ½f"k ijEijk dks tufç; cuk;kA bl ijEijk dh ,d çeq• 
fo'ks"krk cM+h la[;k esa efgyk f'k";ksa dh mifLFkfr gS tks vius 
fopkjksa esa vR;ar Li‘ vkSj eq•j gSaA mudh ekrk µ lkSj ekSt] 
tks tYnh gh foèkok gks xbZ Fkha] mudh çkjfEHkd f'k";ksa esa ,d 
FkhaA blls gesa çFke ckS¼ fHk{kq.kh xkSreh dk çlax ;kn vk tkrk 
gS tks Hkxoku rFkkxr cq¼ dh ekSlh Fkha vkSj rFkkxr osQ tUe osQ 
rqjar ckn mudh ekrkµegkek;k dh e`R;q gks tkus osQ ckn mUgksaus 
gh rFkkxr dks ikyk&ikslk FkkA lkSj ekSt osQ vkè;fRed thou 
osQ ckjs esa vfèkd fooj.k miyCèk ugha gSA uqan ½f"k us viuh 
iRuh t+kbZnsn dks Hkh nhf{kr fd;k FkkA mudh çFke ç[;kr f'k";k 
'kke chch FkhA dgrs gSa fd mudh vkè;kfRed psruk bruh çcy 
Fkh fd og viuh ckjkr osQ chp esa gh fudy vkbZ Fkha vkSj 
uqan ½f"k osQ pj.kksa esa fxjdj viuh f'k";k cuk ysus dk vuqjksèk 
fd;k FkkA jgL;oknh ijEijk esa cgr ckbZ vkSj ngr ckbZ dk Hkh 
mYys• gS tks laHkor% lxh cgusa ;k xq# 
cgusa FkhaA okfpd xkFkkvksa esa mYys• gS 
fd vius xq# ls ppkZ vkSj laokn osQ 
tfj, mUgksaus Kku çkIr fd;k FkkA nksuksa 
gh laokn vkSj ppkZ osQ tfj, nhf{kr fd, 
tkus dh i{kèkj Fkha ftlls bl rF; dk 
irk pyrk gS fd fÐ;ksa dh vkè;kfRed 
psruk dk fodkl Lor% gks tkuk t+:jh 
ugha Fkk cfYd fujarj foosdiw.kZ laokn 
ls Hkh Kku&çkfIr gks ldrh FkhA ,slh 
ekU;rk gS fd ngr ckbZ us gt+jr ehj 
eqgEen geknkuh vkSj uqan ½f"k osQ chp 
'kkÐkFkZ esa Hkkx fy;k Fkk ftlesa mUgksaus 
uqan ½f"k dh vksj ls c<+&p<+ dj ppkZ dh FkhA Ðh ;ksfxuh gksus 
dh viuh fLFkfr vkSj {kerk osQ i{k esa mUgksaus dgk Fkk fd bZ'oj 
iq#"k vkSj efgyk lkèkdksa osQ chp Hksn ugha djrkA ,d vU; 
ç[;kr f'k";k 'kkax ckbZ Fkha tks ukp&xkus vkSj jkl&jax dk thou 
NksM+ dj vkRe&Kku dh jkg ij pyh FkhaA pjkjs&'kjhiQ esa vius 
xq# osQ edcjs osQ ikl gh mudh Hkh dcz gSA ,d vU; 'kkax ckbZ 
Hkh Fkha ftuosQ ckjs esa foaQonarh gS fd chekj vkSj fodykax gksus 
osQ ckotwn og rsanq, dh lokjh djrh Fkha vkSj taxyksa esa ;ksfxuh 
dk thou thrh FkhaA 
d'ehj osQ HkfDr&xhrksa vkSj njxkgksa esa egku efgyk larksa 
vkSj xq#vksa dh ijEijk lajf{kr gSA Jhuxj osQ ikl Økyiqjk esa 
chchckfj;k dh njxkg gSA og d'ehj esa lwiQh ijEijk osQ tud 
ekus tkus okys ehj lS;n vyh geknkuh dh iq=koèkw FkhaA bl 
njxkg esa osQoy fÐ;k¡ gh tk ldrh gSaA Jhuxj ls 20 fdyksehVj 
nwj gfjiqjkgjoku xk¡o esa eqLrSn jgrh FkhaA LFkkuh; okfpd ijEijk 
osQ vuqlkj] mudk de mez esa fookg gks x;k Fkk vkSj tYnh gh 
muosQ ifr vkSj nks HkkbZ&cguksa dh e`R;q osQ nq%• us mUgsa bZ'ojh; 
çse vkSj bcknr dh jkg ij eksM+ fn;kA 
og larksa dh lekfèk;ksa esa tkus yxha 
vkSj vius vki dks iwjh rjg bZ'oj osQ 
è;ku vkSj vpZuk esa Mqcks fn;kA LFkkuh; 
yksx mudk cgqr lEeku djrs Fks vkSj 
vius jksx&rkiksa osQ fuokj.k vkSj lgh 
jkg fn•kus osQ fy, mudh çkFkZuk djrs 
FksA mudh lS;n fejkd 'kkg dk'kuh vkSj 
ihj ;klhu lkgc tSls lwiQh larksa ls 
vkè;kfRed ppkZ gksrh jgrh FkhA ;s lar 
chchckfj;k dh vkè;kfRed ifo=krk vkSj 
Js’rk osQ dk;y Fks vkSj vDlj muosQ 
lkfÂè; esa jgrs FksA ;gk¡ oqQN gh efgyk 
larksa osQ çlax fn, x, gSaA ,sls vusd 
larksa&lwfiQ;ksa osQ ;ksxnku ij vHkh xgu 
'kksèk gksuk vko';d gSA 
ledkyhu d'ehjh dfork esa] 
fceykjSuk us ykynsn osQ o•xk;u dh 
ledkyhu d'ehjh dfork esa] 
fceykjSuk us ykynsn osQ o•xk;u 
dh ijEijk dks lajf{kr fd;k gSA pUæ 
nLlh Hkh o•ksa dh jpuk djrs gSa 
ftudk xk;u&çn'kZu fd;k tkrk jgk 
gSA eksfguh dkSy ^eksguk* fookg xhrksa 
vkSj jgL;oknh dforkvksa dh jpuk 
dj laLÑfr osQ laj{k.k esa egRoiw.kZ 
Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh gSaA
egku efgyk larksa vkSj xq#vksa dh ijEijk d'ehjh esa NUnksa vkSj njxkgksa esa lajf{kr gSA
Page 5


54 ;kstuk] flrEcj 2022
varfj{k foKku
rfj{k foKku vkSj mlosQ vuqç;ksxksa dks le>us osQ fy, 
Hkkjrh; varfj{k vuqlaèkku laxBu (bljks) us ns'k osQ 
fofHk Hkkxksa esa dbZ laLFkku LFkkfir fd, gSaA muesa tEew 
vkSj d'ehj 'kkfey gS tgka bljks vkSj tEew osQaæh; fo'ofo|ky; 
(lh;wts) osQ lg;ksx ls ,d mÂr varfj{k vuqlaèkku osQaæ lrh'k èkou 
varfj{k foKku osQaæ (,lMhlh,l,l) tEew osQaæh; fo'ofo|ky; 
LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA
lh;wts esa ,lMhlh,l,l dh 
LFkkiuk blosQ mÙkj Hkkjr esa çeq• osQaæ 
gksus osQ ukrs tEew&d'ehj osQ fy, ,d  
egRoiw.kZ miyfCèk gSA ;g osQaæ bl {ks=k osQ fy, 
varfj{k vuqç;ksxksa dh {kerk dk nksgu djus 
esa enn djsxk vkSj ;qokvksa dks varfj{k foKku 
osQ lkFk&lkFk jkԻ osQ fodkl esa ;ksxnku djus 
dk volj çnku djsxkA varfj{k vuqç;ksxksa dk 
nk;jk tEew&d'ehj vkSj c`gÙkj fgeky;h {ks=k 
osQ fy, fo'ks"k :i ls çklafxd gS D;ksafd 
bldh vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj fuokl LFky ouLifr 
vkPNknu] ou {ks=k] fge] HkwL•yu] fgeL•yu] 
Hkwty] es?kkoj.k] ok;qeaMyh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa 
vkfn ls çHkkfor gSa vkSj bu ij lqnwj laosnu 
(fjeksV lsaflax) osQ tfj, varfj{k ls vklkuh 
ls utj j•h tk ldrh gSA bl osQaæ esa fLFkr 
fjeksV lsaflax vkSj thvkbZ,l ç;ksx'kkyk,a ok;q 
çnw"kdksa vkSj d.kkdkj inkFkks± dh fLFkfr vkSj 
iwokZuqeku dk ewY;kadu djus esa lgk;d gSaA 
lkFk gh os rkieku mRØe.k vkSj ok;qeaMyh; 
fLFkjrk osQ lkFk muosQ ijLij lEcUèk dk irk 
yxkrh gSa vkSj eslksLosQy ok;qeaMyh; ekWMy 
vkSj 3Mh&oh,vkj MkVk ,flfeys'ku rduhd 
dk mi;ksx djosQ tEew&d'ehj osQ ekSle dh 
?kVukvksa dh eslksLosQy ekWMfyax djrh gSaA {ks=k 
ys•d tEew osQaæh; fo'ofo|ky; esa ,lksfl,V çksisQlj gSaA bZesy% vinay.phy@cujammu.ac.in
vkdk'k ls ijs
MkW fou; oqQekj
va
esa ckjEckj vkus okyh çkÑfrd vkinkvksa dks è;ku esa j•rs gq, ekSle 
vkSj ok;qeaMyh; vuqlaèkku osQ fy, bl {ks=k dh Hkw&vkèkkfjr i;Zos{k.k 
{kerkvksa dks etcwr djus dh vko';drk dk Hkh vR;Ur egRo gSA 
bl osQaæ dh LFkkiuk tEew&d'ehj {ks=k osQ fodkl osQ fy, mHkjrh 
Hkw&LFkkfud vkSj varfj{k çkS|ksfxdh vko';drkvksa dks Hkh iwjh djsxhA
lh;wts osQ lrh'k èkou varfj{k foKku osQaæ esa Hkw&LFkkfud MkVk 
fo'ys"k.k dh lqfoèkk,a gksaxh tks çkÑfrd lalkèkuksa osQ lrr mi;ksx 
vkSj Hkwfe&mi;ksx iSVuZ dh ;kstuk cukus esa 
enn djsaxhA blesa ok;qeaMyh; vè;;u osQ 
fy, Hkw&vkèkkfjr i;Zos{k.k lqfoèkk,¡ gksaxhA 
;gk¡ •xksy HkkSfrdh vkSj ok;qeaMyh; laosnu 
osQ fy, ,d 'kksèk ç;ksx'kkyk osQ vykok 
mÙkj Hkkjr dh ufn;ksa esa ekSleh fge] ciQZ 
vkSj fgeunksa osQ :i esa laxzfgr cM+h ek=kk 
esa ty osQ csgrj mi;ksx osQ fy, Xysf'k;j 
vè;;u ç;ksx'kkyk gksxhA blosQ vykok ;gka 
vkink çcUèku osQaæ Hkh LFkkfir fd;k tk,xk 
tks tEew&d'ehj {ks=k esa ck<+] HkwL•yu] taxy 
esa yxus okyh vkx] lw•k vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu 
tSlh fofHk vkinkvksa ij vuqlaèkku djsxkA ;g 
osQaæ tEew vkSj d'ehj osQ vkl&ikl osQ {ks=k esa 
tyok;q vkSj ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k dh lajpuk ij 
ck;ks,jkslksy osQ fofoèk çHkkoksa dk irk yxkus esa 
Hkh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk jgk gSA
,lMhlh,l,l tEew vkSj d'ehj esa 
LFkkfir viuh rjg dk igyk laLFkku gSA ;g 
osQaæ varfj{k foKku osQ {ks=k esa f'k{kk osQ fy, 
u, rjhdksa dh ,d fo'kky  Ük`a•yk çnku 
djrk gSA lgk;d çkS|ksfxdh ls ykHkkfUor 
fo'ks"k vko';drkvksa okys tEew&d'ehj osQ 
f'kf{kr yksxksa osQ fy, jkst+xkj osQ vfèkd 
volj çkIr gksaxsA                   n
i`Foh osQ Åijh ok;qeaMy ;k mlls ijs ços'k djus okys varfj{k ;ku ls fd, x, vuqlaèkku osQ :i esa 
ifjHkkf"kr varfj{k foKku esa ekSle foKku] HkwfoKku] paæ] lkSj] xzg foKku] •xksy foKku vkSj •xksy 
HkkSfrdh lfgr vusd {ks=k 'kkfey gSaA mÂr vuqlaèkku osQ tfj;s tEew&d'ehj vkSj yík• {ks=k us varfj{k 
foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh osQ {ks=k esa vikj laHkkouk n'kkZ;h gSA
varfj{k vuqç;ksxksa dk nk;jk 
tEew&d'ehj vkSj c`gÙkj 
fgeky;h {ks=k osQ fy, fo'ks"k 
:i ls çklafxd gS D;ksafd bldh 
vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj fuokl LFky 
ouLifr vkPNknu] ou {ks=k] fge] 
HkwL•yu] fgeL•yu] Hkwty] 
es?kkoj.k] ok;qeaMyh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa 
vkfn ls çHkkfor gSa vkSj bu ij 
lqnwj laosnu (fjeksV lsaflax) osQ 
tfj, varfj{k ls vklkuh ls utj 
j•h tk ldrh gSA
;kstuk] flrEcj 2022 55
guys varfj{k osèk'kkyk
,
d gkfy;k vè;;u esa dgk x;k gS fd yík• esa ysg 
osQ ikl guys esa fLFkr Hkkjrh; •xksyh; osèk'kkyk 
(vkbZ,vks) fo'o Lrj ij lcls mnh;eku osèk'kkyk LFkyksa esa 
ls ,d cu jgk gSA ;g blosQ ykHkksa tSls vfèkd lki+Q jkrsa] 
U;wure çdk'k çnw"k.k] gok esa rjy cwansa ;kuh ,jkslksy dh 
l?kurk] vR;ar 'kq"d ok;qeaMyh; fLFkfr vkSj o"kkZ ls vckfèkr 
gksus osQ dkj.k gSA
•xksyfon~ dbZ o"kks± osQ nkSjku ,df=kr LFkkuh; ekSle 
lacaèkh vkadM+ksa osQ vkèkkj ij vius vkxkeh cM+s VsfyLdksi 
cukus osQ fy, nqfu;k Hkj esa mi;qDr LFkkuksa dh yxkrkj •kst 
dj jgs gSaA bl rjg osQ vè;;u Hkkoh osèk'kkykvksa dh ;kstuk 
cukus vkSj ;g iwokZuqeku yxkus esa egRoiw.kZ gSa fd os le; 
osQ lkFk oSQls cnysaxsA
Hkkjr osQ 'kksèkdrkZvksa vkSj muosQ lg;ksfx;ksa us 8 Å¡pkbZ 
okys osèk'kkykvksa esa jkf=kdky osQ cknyksa osQ te?kV osQ va'k 
dk foLr`r vè;;u fd;k ftlesa Hkkjr esa rhu ;kuh guys 
vkSj ejd (yík•) vkSj nsoLFky (uSuhrky) esa fLFkr Hkkjrh; 
•xksyh; osèk'kkyk (vkbZ,vks) 'kkfey gSaA
fnXik&jRlk jh] guys dk jk‘ªh; osèk'kkyk osQ fy, 
laHkkfor LFky osQ :i esa p;u Hkkjrh; miegk}hi ij ekSle 
lacaèkh fLFkfr;ksa osQ vè;;u] fgeky; vkSj Vªkal&fgeky;h 
{ks=kksa esa mPp Å¡pkbZ okys bykdksa osQ LFkykÑfrd ekufp=kksa 
osQ vè;;u vkSj lkFk&lkFk flracj 1993 esa Ng lEHkkfor 
LFkyksa osQ Vksgh loZs{k.k osQ ckn fd;k x;k FkkA blosQ 
vfrfjDr tuojh vkSj twu 1994 esa laLFkku osQ oSKkfudksa vkSj 
bathfu;jksa us bl LFky osQ nkSjs fd;sA LFkk;h LFky loZs{k.k 
f'kfoj fnlacj 1994 esa fnX?ik&jRlk jh osQ mÙkj esa uhye•qy 
eSnkuh {ks=k osQ fljs ij LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA LFky dk 
foLr`r fu:i.k tuojh 1995 esa 'kq: gqvk vkSj vkt rd 
tkjh gSA
fnXik&jRlk jh dh lcls Å¡ph pksVh 4517 ehVj dh 
Å¡pkbZ ij gS vkSj bldk uke ljLorh ioZr j•k x;k gSA 
vklikl dk uhye•qy eSnkuh {ks=k leqæ ry ls 4240 ehVj 
dh Å¡pkbZ ij gSA ;g  Ük`a•yk 2 fd-eh- iwoZ&if'pe vkSj  
1 fd-eh- mÙkj&nf{k.k esa iSQyh gS ftldk 'kh"kZ yxHkx vkèkk 
oxZ fd-eh- lery {ks=k gSA pksVh esa oqQN pV~Vkuh Vhys gSa ftUgsa 
oqQN ehVj rd lery fd;k x;k gSA nks ehVj pkSM+kbZ okyk 
fgeky;h paæ VsyhLdksi (,plhVh) dk LFkku f'k•j osQ iwoZ 
esa ,e,l,y ls 4500 ehVj dh Å¡pkbZ ij gSA
fofHk •xksy&tyok;q ekinaMksa osQ dbZ o"kks± osQ vkadM+ksa 
dh tkap djus osQ ckn bafM;u baLVhV~;wV vkWiQ ,LVªksfiQftDl 
(vkbZvkbZ,) us 2000 esa Hkkjrh; •xksyh; osèk'kkyk 
(vkbZ,vks)] guys esa 2&ehVj ,ipZj okyk fgeky;h paæ 
VsyhLdksi (,plhVh) LFkkfir fd;kA blosQ ckn bl LFky 
dh fof'k‘rk osQ dkj.k ns'k osQ vusd laLFkkuksa }kjk guys esa 
vkWfIVdy vkSj bUÚkjsM osocSaM ij lapkfyr dbZ •xksyh; 
VsyhLdksiksa dks LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA                 n
Ïksr% ihvkbZch vkSj U;wt+vkWu,;j
;kstuk] flrEcj 2022 57
LÑr lkfgfR;d lekykspuk] vè;kRe vkSj dkO;& 
'kkÐ osQ mn~Hko vkSj fodkl esa d'ehj dk vR;ar 
egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA d'ehj vusd Js’ lkfgfR;d 
lekykspdksa] fl¼kardkjksa] nk'kZfudksa vkSj Vhdkdkjksa dh 
tUe&LFkyh vkSj deZ&LFkyh jgk gSA ikf.kfu] paækpk;Z] Hkjr] 
{ksesUæ] vfHkuoxqIr] olqxqIr] lksekuan] lksenso] fcYg.k] dYg.k] 
iratfy] vkuanoèkZu tSls vusd euh"kh gq, gSa ftUgksaus Hkkjr esa 
Hkk"kk] lkfgR;] bfrgkl vkSj n'kZu osQ fodkl esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku 
fn;k gSA tgka ikf.kfu dh v‘kè;k;h laLÑr O;kdj.k dk vkèkkj 
gS] ogha Hkkjr dk ukV~;'kkÐ ukVd&foèkk osQ fl¼karksa dk ewyHkwr 
xzaFk gSA vkSfpR;] xq.k] jhfr vkSj èofu osQ fl¼kUrdkO;&'kkÐ esa 
d'ehj osQ gh ;ksxnku gSaA ;s fl¼kUr lkfgR; rFkk lkSan;Z&'kkÐ 
dh lHkh fopkjèkkjkvksa esa lfÂfgr gSaA d'ehj esa gh ,sfrgkfld 
prqFkZ ckS¼ laxhfr vk;ksftr dh xbZ Fkh ftlesa v'o?kks"k tSls 
vusd mRÑ‘ ckS¼ fo}ku 'kkfey gq, FksA ckS¼ vkSj 'kSo erksa ls 
lwiQh fjok;r rd µ d'ehj osQ lkfgfR;d&lkaLÑfrd ifjn`'; us 
Hkkjr esa jgL;okn rFkk lkfgR; dh ijEijk dks le`¼ fd;k gSA 
11oha 'krkCnh osQ egku nk'kZfud vfHkuoxqIr dk uke 
d'ehj osQ 'kSo n'kZu osQ lkFk 
vfHk :i ls tqM+k gSA bl n'kZu 
esa vkHkkl&okn (varnZ`f‘) rFkk 
çR;fHkKk (Le`fr&tU; Kku) dh 
èkkj.kkvksa dh O;k[;k dh xbZ 
gSA vfHkuoxqIr us u osQoy bu  
èkkj.kkvksa dks lS¼kfUrd :i fn;k] 
cfYd bUgsa lkSUn;Z&'kkÐ ls Hkh 
tksM+rs gq,] Hkjr osQ ukV~;&'kkÐ esa 
of.kZr vkB jlksa esa uoka µ'kkar jl 
Hkh tksM+kA ra=kkyksd] vfHkuoHkkjrh 
vkSj xhrkFkZ laxzg (Hkxon~xhrk ij 
Hkk";) muosQ çeq• xzaFk gSaA mudh 
jpuk ijekFkZlkj esa d'ehj osQ 'kSo 
la
ysf•dk t+kfdj gqlSu fnYyh dkWyst (fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;) osQ vaxzsth foHkkx esa vflLVsaV çksisQlj gSaA mUgksaus Hkkjrh; jgL;okn rFkk dkO; ls lEcfUèkr fo"k;ksa ij 
vusd iqLrosQa fy•h vkSj laikfnr dh gSaA bZesy% namrata.chaturvedi@gmail.com
d'ehj% dfork vkSj jgL;okn
MkW uezrk prqoZsnh
ckS¼ vkSj 'kSo erksa ls lwiQh fjok;r rd µ d'ehj osQ lkfgfR;d&lkaLÑfrd ifjn`'; us Hkkjr esa 
jgL;okn rFkk lkfgR; dh ijEijk dks le`¼ fd;k gSA
n'kZu dh O;k[;k djus okys 105 Nan gSaA chloha 'krkCnh esa Lokeh 
y{e.k tw us vius fofHk xzUFkksa µ tSls f'ko lwDr] foKku HkSjo] 
n ykbV vkWiQ ra=kk bu d'ehj 'kSfot+~e vkfn osQ tfj, bUgsa lajf{kr 
vkSj O;k[;kf;r fd;kA mUgksaus bl fo"k; ij vusd O;k[;ku Hkh 
fn, ftuosQ ohfM;ks muosQ f'k";ksa us cuk, vkSj çpkfjr fd, gSaA 
muosQ fuèku osQ ckn] mudh f'k"; çHkk nsoh d'ehj osQ 'kSo 
n'kZu osQ Kku rFkk ys•u dk çpkj&çlkj dj jgh gSaA ;ksfxuh 
'kkfjdk nsoh Lokeh y{e.k tw dh ?kfu’ f'k";k FkhaA uhjtkeV~Vw  
}kjk laikfnr iqLrd 'kkfjdknsoh% , ;ksfxuh vkWiQ d'ehj esa 
'kkfjdk nsoh osQ thou vkSj çKk ls lEcfUèkr ys• rFkk laLej.k 
laxzghr gSA 
vkè;kfRed nh{kk rFkk vfHkO;fDr dh ijEijk esa ge ns•rs gSa 
fd Kkuh tuksa dks muosQ f'k";ksa }kjk çk;% xq#] lar vFkok Lokeh 
tSls 'kCnksa ls lacksfèkr djrs gSa] pkgs os iq#"k gksa ;k ÐhA d'ehj 
esa jgL;okn osQ bfrgkl esa gesa ,d ç[;kr iq#"k f'k"; dks mudh 
xq#&ekrk }kjk nhf{kr fd, tkus dh okfpd ijEijk vkSj vk[;ku 
feyrs gSaA og f'k"; gSa uqan ½f"k] vkSj mudh ekr`&rqY; xq# 
ykynsn gSa ftUgsa d'ehj esa ½f"k (orjs'kh vksj #f'k) ijEijk 
n'kZuksa dk laxe 
58 ;kstuk] flrEcj 2022
dh tuuh ekuk tkrk gSA pkSngoha 'krkCnh 
esa d'ehj esa vkè;kfRed okrkoj.k 
mRd"kZ ij FkkA mlh dky esa yky nsn 
tSlh lar&dfo;=kh us vius çfl¼ o• 
(pkj iafDr;ksa dh Nan jpuk,¡) jpsA 
okfpd xkFkkvksa esa dgk x;k gS fd 
mUgksaus ,d ckyd dks xksn fy;k] mls 
Lru&iku djk;k vkSj viuk f'k"; rFkk 
mÙkjkfèkdkjh cuk;kA ml ckyd dk tUe 
ls uke 'ks• uw#íhu Fkk vkSj og d'ehj 
dh ½f"k vFkok jsglqr ijEijk osQ çeq• 
lar cusA muosQ jgL;oknh fopkjksa esa 
d'ehj osQ 'kSo er vkSj lwiQh ijEijk osQ 
thou&ewY; lfÂfgr gSaA mUgksaus d'ehjh Hkk"kk esa Jq• dgs tkus 
okys pkj ls Ng iafDr;ksa okys Nan jpsA mUgksaus oqQjku 'kjhiQ dk 
d'ehjh Hkk"kk esa vuqokn Hkh fd;kA mUgksaus d'ehj esa jgL;okn 
dh ½f"k ijEijk dks tufç; cuk;kA bl ijEijk dh ,d çeq• 
fo'ks"krk cM+h la[;k esa efgyk f'k";ksa dh mifLFkfr gS tks vius 
fopkjksa esa vR;ar Li‘ vkSj eq•j gSaA mudh ekrk µ lkSj ekSt] 
tks tYnh gh foèkok gks xbZ Fkha] mudh çkjfEHkd f'k";ksa esa ,d 
FkhaA blls gesa çFke ckS¼ fHk{kq.kh xkSreh dk çlax ;kn vk tkrk 
gS tks Hkxoku rFkkxr cq¼ dh ekSlh Fkha vkSj rFkkxr osQ tUe osQ 
rqjar ckn mudh ekrkµegkek;k dh e`R;q gks tkus osQ ckn mUgksaus 
gh rFkkxr dks ikyk&ikslk FkkA lkSj ekSt osQ vkè;fRed thou 
osQ ckjs esa vfèkd fooj.k miyCèk ugha gSA uqan ½f"k us viuh 
iRuh t+kbZnsn dks Hkh nhf{kr fd;k FkkA mudh çFke ç[;kr f'k";k 
'kke chch FkhA dgrs gSa fd mudh vkè;kfRed psruk bruh çcy 
Fkh fd og viuh ckjkr osQ chp esa gh fudy vkbZ Fkha vkSj 
uqan ½f"k osQ pj.kksa esa fxjdj viuh f'k";k cuk ysus dk vuqjksèk 
fd;k FkkA jgL;oknh ijEijk esa cgr ckbZ vkSj ngr ckbZ dk Hkh 
mYys• gS tks laHkor% lxh cgusa ;k xq# 
cgusa FkhaA okfpd xkFkkvksa esa mYys• gS 
fd vius xq# ls ppkZ vkSj laokn osQ 
tfj, mUgksaus Kku çkIr fd;k FkkA nksuksa 
gh laokn vkSj ppkZ osQ tfj, nhf{kr fd, 
tkus dh i{kèkj Fkha ftlls bl rF; dk 
irk pyrk gS fd fÐ;ksa dh vkè;kfRed 
psruk dk fodkl Lor% gks tkuk t+:jh 
ugha Fkk cfYd fujarj foosdiw.kZ laokn 
ls Hkh Kku&çkfIr gks ldrh FkhA ,slh 
ekU;rk gS fd ngr ckbZ us gt+jr ehj 
eqgEen geknkuh vkSj uqan ½f"k osQ chp 
'kkÐkFkZ esa Hkkx fy;k Fkk ftlesa mUgksaus 
uqan ½f"k dh vksj ls c<+&p<+ dj ppkZ dh FkhA Ðh ;ksfxuh gksus 
dh viuh fLFkfr vkSj {kerk osQ i{k esa mUgksaus dgk Fkk fd bZ'oj 
iq#"k vkSj efgyk lkèkdksa osQ chp Hksn ugha djrkA ,d vU; 
ç[;kr f'k";k 'kkax ckbZ Fkha tks ukp&xkus vkSj jkl&jax dk thou 
NksM+ dj vkRe&Kku dh jkg ij pyh FkhaA pjkjs&'kjhiQ esa vius 
xq# osQ edcjs osQ ikl gh mudh Hkh dcz gSA ,d vU; 'kkax ckbZ 
Hkh Fkha ftuosQ ckjs esa foaQonarh gS fd chekj vkSj fodykax gksus 
osQ ckotwn og rsanq, dh lokjh djrh Fkha vkSj taxyksa esa ;ksfxuh 
dk thou thrh FkhaA 
d'ehj osQ HkfDr&xhrksa vkSj njxkgksa esa egku efgyk larksa 
vkSj xq#vksa dh ijEijk lajf{kr gSA Jhuxj osQ ikl Økyiqjk esa 
chchckfj;k dh njxkg gSA og d'ehj esa lwiQh ijEijk osQ tud 
ekus tkus okys ehj lS;n vyh geknkuh dh iq=koèkw FkhaA bl 
njxkg esa osQoy fÐ;k¡ gh tk ldrh gSaA Jhuxj ls 20 fdyksehVj 
nwj gfjiqjkgjoku xk¡o esa eqLrSn jgrh FkhaA LFkkuh; okfpd ijEijk 
osQ vuqlkj] mudk de mez esa fookg gks x;k Fkk vkSj tYnh gh 
muosQ ifr vkSj nks HkkbZ&cguksa dh e`R;q osQ nq%• us mUgsa bZ'ojh; 
çse vkSj bcknr dh jkg ij eksM+ fn;kA 
og larksa dh lekfèk;ksa esa tkus yxha 
vkSj vius vki dks iwjh rjg bZ'oj osQ 
è;ku vkSj vpZuk esa Mqcks fn;kA LFkkuh; 
yksx mudk cgqr lEeku djrs Fks vkSj 
vius jksx&rkiksa osQ fuokj.k vkSj lgh 
jkg fn•kus osQ fy, mudh çkFkZuk djrs 
FksA mudh lS;n fejkd 'kkg dk'kuh vkSj 
ihj ;klhu lkgc tSls lwiQh larksa ls 
vkè;kfRed ppkZ gksrh jgrh FkhA ;s lar 
chchckfj;k dh vkè;kfRed ifo=krk vkSj 
Js’rk osQ dk;y Fks vkSj vDlj muosQ 
lkfÂè; esa jgrs FksA ;gk¡ oqQN gh efgyk 
larksa osQ çlax fn, x, gSaA ,sls vusd 
larksa&lwfiQ;ksa osQ ;ksxnku ij vHkh xgu 
'kksèk gksuk vko';d gSA 
ledkyhu d'ehjh dfork esa] 
fceykjSuk us ykynsn osQ o•xk;u dh 
ledkyhu d'ehjh dfork esa] 
fceykjSuk us ykynsn osQ o•xk;u 
dh ijEijk dks lajf{kr fd;k gSA pUæ 
nLlh Hkh o•ksa dh jpuk djrs gSa 
ftudk xk;u&çn'kZu fd;k tkrk jgk 
gSA eksfguh dkSy ^eksguk* fookg xhrksa 
vkSj jgL;oknh dforkvksa dh jpuk 
dj laLÑfr osQ laj{k.k esa egRoiw.kZ 
Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh gSaA
egku efgyk larksa vkSj xq#vksa dh ijEijk d'ehjh esa NUnksa vkSj njxkgksa esa lajf{kr gSA
;kstuk] flrEcj 2022 59
ijEijk dks lajf{kr fd;k gSA pUæ nLlh Hkh o•ksa dh jpuk djrs 
gSa ftudk xk;u&çn'kZu fd;k tkrk jgk gSA eksfguh dkSy ^eksguk* 
fookg xhrksa vkSj jgL;oknh dforkvksa dh jpuk dj laLÑfr osQ 
laj{k.k esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh gSaA larks"k uknku osQ Hktu 
vkSj jgL;oknh dfork,a d'ehj esa vR;ar yksdfç; gSaA lquhrk 
jSuk iafMr us Ñ".k Hkxoku osQ Hktu dh jpuk ls dforkvksa osQ 
ys•u dh 'kq:vkr dh vkSj vc og d'ehjh esa xty fy•us 
okyh çeq• efgyk jpukdkj gSaA bl {ks=k esa osQoy efgykvksa 
okyk igyk cSaM& ;secjt+y 2015 esa cuk tks lwfiQ;kuk ekSfldh 
(laxhr) vkSj d'ehjh 'kkÐh; laxhr dh ijEijk dks vkxs c<+k 
jgk gSA ;g cSaM yky&nsn] gCck •krwu] xqyke glu x+exhu vkSj 
'ks•&my&vkye tSls jgL;okfn;ksa dh dforkvksa dh çLrqfr 
djrk gSA 
d'ehj dh lar dfof;f=k;ksa osQ çfr J¼katfy O;Dr djrs 
gq, uhjtkeV~Vw us viuh iqLrd n fefLVd ,aM n fyfjd% iQkWj 
oqesu iksbV~l izQkWe d'ehj esa ykynsn] gCck •krwu] :ik Hkokuh 
vkSj vf.kZeky dh dforkvksa dh O;k[;k dh gSA bl iqLrd osQ 
ckjs esa ,d ppkZ esa çksisQlj 'kiQh 'kkSd us bl rF; dh vksj 
è;ku fnyk;k fd ;s pkj dfof;f=k;ka d'ehj esa jgL;okn osQ 
pkj dkyksa dk çfrfufèkRo djrh gSaA mUgksaus ;g Hkh dgk fd 
d'ehj dh lwiQh ijEijk dh ,sfrgkfldrk rFkk efgykvksa dh 
Hkwfedk ij osQafær 'kksèk dh cM+h vko';drk gSA uhjtkeV~Vw us 
viuh iqLrd esa fy•k gS fd tgka rd 'kCnkoyh vkSj Hkk"kk dh 
ljyrk dk ç'u gS] yky nsn vkSj :ik Hkokuh dh dforkvksa esa  
egRoiw.kZ varj gSA yky nsnxgure vius vuqHkwr lR;ksa dks 
vkè;kfRed lR;ksa dks jkst+ejkZ dh dkO; 'kSyh esa O;Dr djrh 
gSa] tcfd :ik Hkokuh çsj.kk rks yky nsn ls ysrh gSa ysfdu og 
iQkjlh vkSj laLÑr dh xw<+ 'kCnkoyh dk ç;ksx djrh gSa ftls 
jgL;okn dh èkkj.kkvksa ls lqifjfpr gh le> ldrs gSaA ;g 
efgykvksa osQ vkè;kfRed ys•u dks ,d u;k vk;ke nsrk gS vkSj 
gesa efgykvksa dh vkè;kfRed psruk osQ vuqHkoksa] vfHkO;fDr;ksa 
vkSj çLrqfr;ksa dh xgurk vkSj fofHk ijrksa ls ifjfpr djkrk 
gS ftldks çk;% Lor% LiwQrZ vkSj fcuk fdlh fo'ys"k.k osQ 
ljy&likV eku fy;k tkrk gSA vf.kZeky vkSj gCck •krwu osQ 
dkO; esa nq%• dk çkèkkU; gS vkSj fojg rFkk mnklh ,d rjg ls 
bl HkkSfrd lalkj osQ fujFkZd gksus dk :id cu tkrs gSaA
gCck •krwu osQ jks'ks dh ;s iafDr;k¡ nsf•, tks vkt Hkh 
yksdfç; laLÑfr dk fgLlk cuh gqbZ gSa & 
jks'ksenukspksygksek---
oy; okfl,xlokbZáh&;S] 
;wl ekjh lqdR;q;h;kbZ
çkjkurgsatkbZt+~;h&gS
okys E;kuhiwl;enuks---
oyoslxlokbZ vcl nqfu;k uhanjhrs•kcl
oqQlosuhnsnh rkbZ ckcl
okyksE;kuhjks'ksenuks
eq>ls :Bdj] esjk fç; pyk x;k---
vkvks lf•;ks] ge pesyh osQ iwQy pqusaA
e`R;q gks tkus ij rks dksbZ thou dk lq• ugha Hkksx ldrkA 
eSa pkgrh gwa] rw •wc iQys&iwQysA
vkvks esjs iq"ie; dkenso] vkvks---
pyks fe=k] ikuh Hkjus pysaA
iwjh nqfu;k xgjh uhan esa lksbZ gS_
eSa rqEgkjh ckV tksg jgh gwaA 
vks esjs :Bs fç;] vc rks vk tkvksA
vks esjs :Bs fç;] vc rks vk tkvksA
bu lqanj iafDr;ksa esa ,d cgw viuh lkl dh Hkkoukvksa dh 
xqIr ysf•dk cu xbZ gSA o• osQ çk:i esa ;s iafDr;k¡ vius 
xgu Hkkoksa osQ dkj.k vej gks xbZ gSA fjpsnsn dh fuEu iafDr;ksa 
lfgr muosQ lkfgR; dks mudh cgw nkukorh us lajf{kr fd;kA ;s 
o• Hkh vkRe&fparu dh xgu vuqHkwfr;ksa vkSj ekuoh; fLFkfr;ksa 
osQ o.kZuksa ls lEi gSaA bUgsa cgw dh e`R;q osQ ckn muosQ iq=k us 
çdkf'kr fd;kA bl ys• osQ var esa] mudk ,d o• çLrqr dj 
jgh gw¡ tks d'ehj osQ jgL;oknh dkO; dh le`f¼ vkSj xgurk 
dks O;Dr djrk gS & 
vkRe vuqHko Nq nhoku fno Kku 
vo; vkRe Kkfud Nh lkjh vuqxzxh
vkRe Kku Nq eqfDr gqan fu'kku 
lqvkLru ;ksxh] Hkksxh] jkxh ;k R;kxhA
vkRe&vuqHkwfr ls bZ'oj dk Kku gksrk gSA
blhfy, cqf¼eku tu Lo;a dks 
tkuus osQ fy, ç;Ru'khy jgrs gSaA
vkRe&Kku lHkh osQ fy, eqfDr dk çrhd gS µ
pkgs dksbZ ;ksxh gks] Hkksxh gks] jkxh gks ;k R;kxh gksA    n
lanHkZ%
1- prqoZsnh] ue`rk] yky nsn% lsaV iksbVsl] f=kos.kh] vDrwcj&fnlacj] 2006] 
https://www.wisdomlib.org/history/compilation/triveni-journal/d/
doc73548.html 5 vxLr 2022 dks fy;k x;kA 
2- dkSy] Vh-,u-] http://www.ikashmir.net/saints/richeded.html  
8 vxLr 2022 dks fy;k x;kA 
3- •ku] ukbyk vyh] n ikpZesaV vkWiQ d'ehj.fgLVªh] ikWfyVh] lkslkbVh] 
U;w;kWdZ] ikyxzso] 2012 
4- lbZn] uiQhlk] ^d'ehjh oqesuiQkbaM , fLçpqvyLisl vkWiQ nsvjvkWu]  
*n xkftZ;u] flracj 2011 https://www.theguardian.com/
commentisfree/belief/2011/sep/06/kashmir-srinagar-shrine 5 vxLr 
2022 dks fy;k x;kA 
5- fl;kjksVk] fe'ksy] ^;sect+Zy% fnvkWyoqesu lwiQh xzqi bu d'ehj*] fFk,Vj] 
vkVZ] ykbiQ] 3 uoacj 2021 https://www.theatreartlife.com/music-
sound/yemberzal-the-all-women-sufi-music-group-in-kashmir/  
4 vxLr 2022 dks fy;k x;kA 
6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fm_6CEanG4 ls 4 vxLr 
2022 dks fy;k x;kA 
7. https://kashmirsufis.wordpress.com/tag/female-saints-of-kashmir/  
ls 4 vxLr 2022 dks fy;k x;kA 
8. https://sufinama.org/articles/women-in-rishi-movement-of-
kashmir-rashid-nazki-sufinama-archive-articles ls 5 vxLr 2022 
dks fy;k x;kA