Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand- Physical | Geography for UPSC CSE PDF Download

 Page 1


Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand- 
Physical 
 
 
Uttar Pradesh 
Introduction 
Uttar Pradesh, with a staggering population of 199,581,477 as per the 2011 
census, holds the distinction of being India's most populous state. This vibrant 
state is divided into 75 districts, and its capital is Lucknow. Located in northern 
India, Uttar Pradesh shares its borders with several states and countries. It is 
bounded by Nepal to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the northwest, Madhya 
Pradesh to the south, Haryana to the west, Rajasthan to the southwest, and Bihar 
to the east. 
Agriculture: The Backbone of Uttar Pradesh 
Uttar Pradesh thrives on agriculture, and it boasts a diverse range of crops. The 
main crops cultivated in this state include wheat, rice, sugar cane, apples, 
mangoes, pulses, oilseeds, and potatoes. These agricultural endeavors contribute 
significantly to the state's economy, making Uttar Pradesh an agricultural 
powerhouse. 
A Growing Service Sector 
In addition to its agricultural prominence, Uttar Pradesh also boasts a thriving 
service sector. This sector encompasses various industries, such as tourism, 
healthcare, information technology services, financial services, and insurance. 
Uttar Pradesh has emerged as a popular tourist destination, attracting a large 
number of visitors. The world-famous Taj Mahal in Agra, one of the Seven 
Wonders of the World, is a testament to the state's rich cultural heritage. Another 
notable event that draws massive crowds is the 'Kumbh Mela,' a major Hindu 
pilgrimage and festival. 
Lodging Facilities and Major Cities 
To cater to the needs of its visitors, Uttar Pradesh offers a range of state-of-the-
art hotels, ensuring a comfortable stay for both national and international 
tourists. Apart from the capital, Lucknow, there are several other significant cities 
Page 2


Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand- 
Physical 
 
 
Uttar Pradesh 
Introduction 
Uttar Pradesh, with a staggering population of 199,581,477 as per the 2011 
census, holds the distinction of being India's most populous state. This vibrant 
state is divided into 75 districts, and its capital is Lucknow. Located in northern 
India, Uttar Pradesh shares its borders with several states and countries. It is 
bounded by Nepal to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the northwest, Madhya 
Pradesh to the south, Haryana to the west, Rajasthan to the southwest, and Bihar 
to the east. 
Agriculture: The Backbone of Uttar Pradesh 
Uttar Pradesh thrives on agriculture, and it boasts a diverse range of crops. The 
main crops cultivated in this state include wheat, rice, sugar cane, apples, 
mangoes, pulses, oilseeds, and potatoes. These agricultural endeavors contribute 
significantly to the state's economy, making Uttar Pradesh an agricultural 
powerhouse. 
A Growing Service Sector 
In addition to its agricultural prominence, Uttar Pradesh also boasts a thriving 
service sector. This sector encompasses various industries, such as tourism, 
healthcare, information technology services, financial services, and insurance. 
Uttar Pradesh has emerged as a popular tourist destination, attracting a large 
number of visitors. The world-famous Taj Mahal in Agra, one of the Seven 
Wonders of the World, is a testament to the state's rich cultural heritage. Another 
notable event that draws massive crowds is the 'Kumbh Mela,' a major Hindu 
pilgrimage and festival. 
Lodging Facilities and Major Cities 
To cater to the needs of its visitors, Uttar Pradesh offers a range of state-of-the-
art hotels, ensuring a comfortable stay for both national and international 
tourists. Apart from the capital, Lucknow, there are several other significant cities 
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand- 
Physical 
 
 
in Uttar Pradesh that contribute to its cultural and economic landscape. These 
cities include Prayagraj, Varanasi, Ayodhya, and Mathura. Each city has its own 
unique charm, architectural marvels, and historical significance. 
Key Facts and Figures about Uttar Pradesh 
Uttar Pradesh, being a vast and diverse state, offers a plethora of information and 
interesting facts. Here are some key details about the state: 
State Information 
? Capital: Lucknow 
? Date of Formation: January 26, 1950 
? Governor: Anandiben Patel 
? Chief Minister: Yogi Adityanath 
Tourist Attractions 
? Taj Mahal, Agra 
? Sangam, Prayagraj 
? Varanasi 
Festivals 
? Karva Chauth 
? Annakoot 
? Shitala Ashtami 
? Eid 
Major Dance and Music Forms 
? Kathak 
? Lucknow and Benares Gharanas of music 
Arts and Crafts 
? Chikankari or shadow-work embroidery 
? Baranasi brocades, including the zari, amru, and abrawan 
? Sanjhi or the art of cutting paper stencils 
Page 3


Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand- 
Physical 
 
 
Uttar Pradesh 
Introduction 
Uttar Pradesh, with a staggering population of 199,581,477 as per the 2011 
census, holds the distinction of being India's most populous state. This vibrant 
state is divided into 75 districts, and its capital is Lucknow. Located in northern 
India, Uttar Pradesh shares its borders with several states and countries. It is 
bounded by Nepal to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the northwest, Madhya 
Pradesh to the south, Haryana to the west, Rajasthan to the southwest, and Bihar 
to the east. 
Agriculture: The Backbone of Uttar Pradesh 
Uttar Pradesh thrives on agriculture, and it boasts a diverse range of crops. The 
main crops cultivated in this state include wheat, rice, sugar cane, apples, 
mangoes, pulses, oilseeds, and potatoes. These agricultural endeavors contribute 
significantly to the state's economy, making Uttar Pradesh an agricultural 
powerhouse. 
A Growing Service Sector 
In addition to its agricultural prominence, Uttar Pradesh also boasts a thriving 
service sector. This sector encompasses various industries, such as tourism, 
healthcare, information technology services, financial services, and insurance. 
Uttar Pradesh has emerged as a popular tourist destination, attracting a large 
number of visitors. The world-famous Taj Mahal in Agra, one of the Seven 
Wonders of the World, is a testament to the state's rich cultural heritage. Another 
notable event that draws massive crowds is the 'Kumbh Mela,' a major Hindu 
pilgrimage and festival. 
Lodging Facilities and Major Cities 
To cater to the needs of its visitors, Uttar Pradesh offers a range of state-of-the-
art hotels, ensuring a comfortable stay for both national and international 
tourists. Apart from the capital, Lucknow, there are several other significant cities 
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand- 
Physical 
 
 
in Uttar Pradesh that contribute to its cultural and economic landscape. These 
cities include Prayagraj, Varanasi, Ayodhya, and Mathura. Each city has its own 
unique charm, architectural marvels, and historical significance. 
Key Facts and Figures about Uttar Pradesh 
Uttar Pradesh, being a vast and diverse state, offers a plethora of information and 
interesting facts. Here are some key details about the state: 
State Information 
? Capital: Lucknow 
? Date of Formation: January 26, 1950 
? Governor: Anandiben Patel 
? Chief Minister: Yogi Adityanath 
Tourist Attractions 
? Taj Mahal, Agra 
? Sangam, Prayagraj 
? Varanasi 
Festivals 
? Karva Chauth 
? Annakoot 
? Shitala Ashtami 
? Eid 
Major Dance and Music Forms 
? Kathak 
? Lucknow and Benares Gharanas of music 
Arts and Crafts 
? Chikankari or shadow-work embroidery 
? Baranasi brocades, including the zari, amru, and abrawan 
? Sanjhi or the art of cutting paper stencils 
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand- 
Physical 
 
 
Languages 
? Hindi 
? Urdu 
Demography 
? Size: 240,928 sq. km 
? Population (Census 2011): 199,812,341 
Rivers 
? Ganga 
? Yamuna 
? Gomti 
? Ghaghra 
? Ramganga 
? Betwa 
Forests and Wildlife Sanctuaries 
? Dudhwa National Park 
? State Animal: Swamp Deer 
? State Bird: Sarus Crane 
? State Flower: Palash 
? State Tree: Ashok 
Major Crops 
? Wheat 
? Rice 
? Pulses 
? Sugar Cane 
Factoids 
? The ancient Dhamek Stupa in Sarnath marks the spot where Buddha gave 
his first sermon. 
Page 4


Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand- 
Physical 
 
 
Uttar Pradesh 
Introduction 
Uttar Pradesh, with a staggering population of 199,581,477 as per the 2011 
census, holds the distinction of being India's most populous state. This vibrant 
state is divided into 75 districts, and its capital is Lucknow. Located in northern 
India, Uttar Pradesh shares its borders with several states and countries. It is 
bounded by Nepal to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the northwest, Madhya 
Pradesh to the south, Haryana to the west, Rajasthan to the southwest, and Bihar 
to the east. 
Agriculture: The Backbone of Uttar Pradesh 
Uttar Pradesh thrives on agriculture, and it boasts a diverse range of crops. The 
main crops cultivated in this state include wheat, rice, sugar cane, apples, 
mangoes, pulses, oilseeds, and potatoes. These agricultural endeavors contribute 
significantly to the state's economy, making Uttar Pradesh an agricultural 
powerhouse. 
A Growing Service Sector 
In addition to its agricultural prominence, Uttar Pradesh also boasts a thriving 
service sector. This sector encompasses various industries, such as tourism, 
healthcare, information technology services, financial services, and insurance. 
Uttar Pradesh has emerged as a popular tourist destination, attracting a large 
number of visitors. The world-famous Taj Mahal in Agra, one of the Seven 
Wonders of the World, is a testament to the state's rich cultural heritage. Another 
notable event that draws massive crowds is the 'Kumbh Mela,' a major Hindu 
pilgrimage and festival. 
Lodging Facilities and Major Cities 
To cater to the needs of its visitors, Uttar Pradesh offers a range of state-of-the-
art hotels, ensuring a comfortable stay for both national and international 
tourists. Apart from the capital, Lucknow, there are several other significant cities 
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand- 
Physical 
 
 
in Uttar Pradesh that contribute to its cultural and economic landscape. These 
cities include Prayagraj, Varanasi, Ayodhya, and Mathura. Each city has its own 
unique charm, architectural marvels, and historical significance. 
Key Facts and Figures about Uttar Pradesh 
Uttar Pradesh, being a vast and diverse state, offers a plethora of information and 
interesting facts. Here are some key details about the state: 
State Information 
? Capital: Lucknow 
? Date of Formation: January 26, 1950 
? Governor: Anandiben Patel 
? Chief Minister: Yogi Adityanath 
Tourist Attractions 
? Taj Mahal, Agra 
? Sangam, Prayagraj 
? Varanasi 
Festivals 
? Karva Chauth 
? Annakoot 
? Shitala Ashtami 
? Eid 
Major Dance and Music Forms 
? Kathak 
? Lucknow and Benares Gharanas of music 
Arts and Crafts 
? Chikankari or shadow-work embroidery 
? Baranasi brocades, including the zari, amru, and abrawan 
? Sanjhi or the art of cutting paper stencils 
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand- 
Physical 
 
 
Languages 
? Hindi 
? Urdu 
Demography 
? Size: 240,928 sq. km 
? Population (Census 2011): 199,812,341 
Rivers 
? Ganga 
? Yamuna 
? Gomti 
? Ghaghra 
? Ramganga 
? Betwa 
Forests and Wildlife Sanctuaries 
? Dudhwa National Park 
? State Animal: Swamp Deer 
? State Bird: Sarus Crane 
? State Flower: Palash 
? State Tree: Ashok 
Major Crops 
? Wheat 
? Rice 
? Pulses 
? Sugar Cane 
Factoids 
? The ancient Dhamek Stupa in Sarnath marks the spot where Buddha gave 
his first sermon. 
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand- 
Physical 
 
 
? The Taj Mahal, built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan for his wife Mumtaz 
Mahal, took 22 years to complete. 
Districts in Uttar Pradesh 
Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh is further divided into 75 districts, each contributing 
to the state's administrative framework. Here is a list of the districts: 
1. Agra 
2. Aligarh 
3. Prayagraj (formerly Allahabad) 
4. Ambedkar Nagar 
5. Amethi 
6. Amroha 
7. Auraiya 
8. Azamgarh 
9. Baghpat 
10. Bahraich 
11. Ballia 
12. Balrampur 
13. Banda 
14. Barabanki 
15. Bareilly 
16. Basti 
17. Bhadohi 
18. Bijnor 
19. Budaun 
20. Bulandshahr 
21. Chandauli 
22. Chitrakoot 
23. Deoria 
24. Etah 
25. Etawah 
26. Faizabad 
27. Farrukhabad 
28. Fatehpur 
29. Firozabad 
Page 5


Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand- 
Physical 
 
 
Uttar Pradesh 
Introduction 
Uttar Pradesh, with a staggering population of 199,581,477 as per the 2011 
census, holds the distinction of being India's most populous state. This vibrant 
state is divided into 75 districts, and its capital is Lucknow. Located in northern 
India, Uttar Pradesh shares its borders with several states and countries. It is 
bounded by Nepal to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the northwest, Madhya 
Pradesh to the south, Haryana to the west, Rajasthan to the southwest, and Bihar 
to the east. 
Agriculture: The Backbone of Uttar Pradesh 
Uttar Pradesh thrives on agriculture, and it boasts a diverse range of crops. The 
main crops cultivated in this state include wheat, rice, sugar cane, apples, 
mangoes, pulses, oilseeds, and potatoes. These agricultural endeavors contribute 
significantly to the state's economy, making Uttar Pradesh an agricultural 
powerhouse. 
A Growing Service Sector 
In addition to its agricultural prominence, Uttar Pradesh also boasts a thriving 
service sector. This sector encompasses various industries, such as tourism, 
healthcare, information technology services, financial services, and insurance. 
Uttar Pradesh has emerged as a popular tourist destination, attracting a large 
number of visitors. The world-famous Taj Mahal in Agra, one of the Seven 
Wonders of the World, is a testament to the state's rich cultural heritage. Another 
notable event that draws massive crowds is the 'Kumbh Mela,' a major Hindu 
pilgrimage and festival. 
Lodging Facilities and Major Cities 
To cater to the needs of its visitors, Uttar Pradesh offers a range of state-of-the-
art hotels, ensuring a comfortable stay for both national and international 
tourists. Apart from the capital, Lucknow, there are several other significant cities 
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand- 
Physical 
 
 
in Uttar Pradesh that contribute to its cultural and economic landscape. These 
cities include Prayagraj, Varanasi, Ayodhya, and Mathura. Each city has its own 
unique charm, architectural marvels, and historical significance. 
Key Facts and Figures about Uttar Pradesh 
Uttar Pradesh, being a vast and diverse state, offers a plethora of information and 
interesting facts. Here are some key details about the state: 
State Information 
? Capital: Lucknow 
? Date of Formation: January 26, 1950 
? Governor: Anandiben Patel 
? Chief Minister: Yogi Adityanath 
Tourist Attractions 
? Taj Mahal, Agra 
? Sangam, Prayagraj 
? Varanasi 
Festivals 
? Karva Chauth 
? Annakoot 
? Shitala Ashtami 
? Eid 
Major Dance and Music Forms 
? Kathak 
? Lucknow and Benares Gharanas of music 
Arts and Crafts 
? Chikankari or shadow-work embroidery 
? Baranasi brocades, including the zari, amru, and abrawan 
? Sanjhi or the art of cutting paper stencils 
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand- 
Physical 
 
 
Languages 
? Hindi 
? Urdu 
Demography 
? Size: 240,928 sq. km 
? Population (Census 2011): 199,812,341 
Rivers 
? Ganga 
? Yamuna 
? Gomti 
? Ghaghra 
? Ramganga 
? Betwa 
Forests and Wildlife Sanctuaries 
? Dudhwa National Park 
? State Animal: Swamp Deer 
? State Bird: Sarus Crane 
? State Flower: Palash 
? State Tree: Ashok 
Major Crops 
? Wheat 
? Rice 
? Pulses 
? Sugar Cane 
Factoids 
? The ancient Dhamek Stupa in Sarnath marks the spot where Buddha gave 
his first sermon. 
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand- 
Physical 
 
 
? The Taj Mahal, built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan for his wife Mumtaz 
Mahal, took 22 years to complete. 
Districts in Uttar Pradesh 
Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh is further divided into 75 districts, each contributing 
to the state's administrative framework. Here is a list of the districts: 
1. Agra 
2. Aligarh 
3. Prayagraj (formerly Allahabad) 
4. Ambedkar Nagar 
5. Amethi 
6. Amroha 
7. Auraiya 
8. Azamgarh 
9. Baghpat 
10. Bahraich 
11. Ballia 
12. Balrampur 
13. Banda 
14. Barabanki 
15. Bareilly 
16. Basti 
17. Bhadohi 
18. Bijnor 
19. Budaun 
20. Bulandshahr 
21. Chandauli 
22. Chitrakoot 
23. Deoria 
24. Etah 
25. Etawah 
26. Faizabad 
27. Farrukhabad 
28. Fatehpur 
29. Firozabad 
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand- 
Physical 
 
 
30. Gautam Buddha Nagar (Noida) 
31. Ghaziabad 
32. Ghazipur 
33. Gonda 
34. Gorakhpur 
35. Hamirpur 
36. Hapur 
37. Hardoi 
38. Hathras 
39. Jalaun 
40. Jaunpur 
41. Jhansi 
42. Kannauj 
43. Kanpur Dehat (Rural) 
44. Kanpur Nagar (Urban) 
45. Kasganj 
46. Kaushambi 
47. Kushinagar 
48. Lakhimpur Kheri 
49. Lalitpur 
50. Lucknow 
51. Maharajganj 
52. Mahoba 
53. Mainpuri 
54. Mathura 
55. Mau 
56. Meerut 
57. Mirzapur 
58. Moradabad 
59. Muzaffarnagar 
60. Pilibhit 
61. Pratapgarh 
62. Rae Bareli 
63. Rampur 
64. Saharanpur 
65. Sambhal