Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala - Physical | Geography for UPSC CSE PDF Download

 Page 1


Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala-
Physical
Karnataka
Introduction
Welcome to the "Know Your State" series, where we explore the fascinating
details of India's diverse states. In this edition, we delve into the vibrant and
culturally rich state of Karnataka. Formerly known as the State of Mysore,
Karnataka was rechristened in 1973. Derived from the term Karunadu, meaning
'Lofty Land,' Karnataka offers a breathtaking blend of historical wonders, natural
beauty, and technological advancements. Join us as we unravel the treasures
hidden within Karnataka's boundaries.
1. Renaming the Land: From Mysore to Karnataka
Originally known as the State of Mysore, Karnataka underwent a significant
transformation when it was officially renamed in 1973. The name 'Karnataka' was
chosen to reflect the state's grandeur and lofty landscapes.
2. Geographical Boundaries: A Multifaceted State
Karnataka is bordered by the Laccadive Sea and the Arabian Sea to the west,
while Maharashtra, Goa, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana surround it from the
north, northwest, and east. Kerala and Tamil Nadu embrace Karnataka from the
southwest and southeast, respectively. Situated on the western edge of the
Deccan Plateau, the state boasts diverse topography, including majestic
mountains, serene plains, and a captivating coastline.
3. Captivating Bengaluru: The Silicon Valley of India
Serving as Karnataka's capital, Bengaluru is a city that seamlessly blends tradition
and technology. Often referred to as the Silicon Valley of India, Bengaluru is a hub
of innovation, entrepreneurship, and technological advancements. With its
vibrant culture, picturesque parks, and world-class educational institutions,
Bengaluru stands as a testament to Karnataka's progressive spirit.
4. A Tapestry of Districts: Exploring Karnataka's Diversity
Karnataka comprises 30 districts, each with its distinct identity and charm. From
the coastal beauty of Uttar Kannada, Udupi, and Dakshin Kannada to the lush
Page 2


Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala-
Physical
Karnataka
Introduction
Welcome to the "Know Your State" series, where we explore the fascinating
details of India's diverse states. In this edition, we delve into the vibrant and
culturally rich state of Karnataka. Formerly known as the State of Mysore,
Karnataka was rechristened in 1973. Derived from the term Karunadu, meaning
'Lofty Land,' Karnataka offers a breathtaking blend of historical wonders, natural
beauty, and technological advancements. Join us as we unravel the treasures
hidden within Karnataka's boundaries.
1. Renaming the Land: From Mysore to Karnataka
Originally known as the State of Mysore, Karnataka underwent a significant
transformation when it was officially renamed in 1973. The name 'Karnataka' was
chosen to reflect the state's grandeur and lofty landscapes.
2. Geographical Boundaries: A Multifaceted State
Karnataka is bordered by the Laccadive Sea and the Arabian Sea to the west,
while Maharashtra, Goa, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana surround it from the
north, northwest, and east. Kerala and Tamil Nadu embrace Karnataka from the
southwest and southeast, respectively. Situated on the western edge of the
Deccan Plateau, the state boasts diverse topography, including majestic
mountains, serene plains, and a captivating coastline.
3. Captivating Bengaluru: The Silicon Valley of India
Serving as Karnataka's capital, Bengaluru is a city that seamlessly blends tradition
and technology. Often referred to as the Silicon Valley of India, Bengaluru is a hub
of innovation, entrepreneurship, and technological advancements. With its
vibrant culture, picturesque parks, and world-class educational institutions,
Bengaluru stands as a testament to Karnataka's progressive spirit.
4. A Tapestry of Districts: Exploring Karnataka's Diversity
Karnataka comprises 30 districts, each with its distinct identity and charm. From
the coastal beauty of Uttar Kannada, Udupi, and Dakshin Kannada to the lush
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala-
Physical
forests of the Malnad region and the sprawling plains of the Maidan, Karnataka
offers a tapestry of landscapes and cultural heritage.
5. Language and Culture: Beyond Kannada
While Kannada is the principal language spoken in Karnataka, the state embraces
a rich tapestry of other languages, including Tulu, Hindi, Bengali, and Malayalam.
This linguistic diversity reflects the cultural vibrancy of Karnataka, where
traditions and customs intertwine harmoniously.
6. Flora and Fauna: A Sanctuary of Natural Splendor
Karnataka's natural beauty is adorned with a rich variety of flora and fauna. The
state boasts several national parks and wildlife sanctuaries that provide a safe
haven for endangered species. Bandipur National Park, Anshi National Park,
Kudremukh National Park, Nagarahole National Park, Bannerghatta National Park,
and Mudumalai National Park are just a few of the ecological gems that Karnataka
proudly preserves.
7. Magnificent Landmarks: Temples, Palaces, and Heritage
Sites
Karnataka's architectural marvels take visitors on a journey through time. The
state is adorned with awe-inspiring temples, grand palaces, and UNESCO World
Heritage Sites. The Bull Temple, Virupaksha Temple in Hampi, Chamundeshwari
Temple in Mysore, and the exquisite ruins of Hampi, a UNESCO World Heritage
Site, are among the many treasures that Karnataka proudly showcases.
8. Exquisite Handicrafts: Showcasing Karnataka's Artistic
Prowess
Karnataka's artistic heritage shines through its exquisite handicrafts. Bidriware,
known for its intricate metalwork, Chitragars' wood chiselling, and the specialized
card game Ganjifa, are examples of the state's artistic prowess. These crafts not
only reflect Karnataka's cultural heritage but also serve as a source of livelihood
for skilled artisans.
9. Bountiful Resources: Karnataka's Mining and Agriculture
Karnataka's rich reserves of minerals such as gold, silver, copper, iron-ore,
Page 3


Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala-
Physical
Karnataka
Introduction
Welcome to the "Know Your State" series, where we explore the fascinating
details of India's diverse states. In this edition, we delve into the vibrant and
culturally rich state of Karnataka. Formerly known as the State of Mysore,
Karnataka was rechristened in 1973. Derived from the term Karunadu, meaning
'Lofty Land,' Karnataka offers a breathtaking blend of historical wonders, natural
beauty, and technological advancements. Join us as we unravel the treasures
hidden within Karnataka's boundaries.
1. Renaming the Land: From Mysore to Karnataka
Originally known as the State of Mysore, Karnataka underwent a significant
transformation when it was officially renamed in 1973. The name 'Karnataka' was
chosen to reflect the state's grandeur and lofty landscapes.
2. Geographical Boundaries: A Multifaceted State
Karnataka is bordered by the Laccadive Sea and the Arabian Sea to the west,
while Maharashtra, Goa, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana surround it from the
north, northwest, and east. Kerala and Tamil Nadu embrace Karnataka from the
southwest and southeast, respectively. Situated on the western edge of the
Deccan Plateau, the state boasts diverse topography, including majestic
mountains, serene plains, and a captivating coastline.
3. Captivating Bengaluru: The Silicon Valley of India
Serving as Karnataka's capital, Bengaluru is a city that seamlessly blends tradition
and technology. Often referred to as the Silicon Valley of India, Bengaluru is a hub
of innovation, entrepreneurship, and technological advancements. With its
vibrant culture, picturesque parks, and world-class educational institutions,
Bengaluru stands as a testament to Karnataka's progressive spirit.
4. A Tapestry of Districts: Exploring Karnataka's Diversity
Karnataka comprises 30 districts, each with its distinct identity and charm. From
the coastal beauty of Uttar Kannada, Udupi, and Dakshin Kannada to the lush
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala-
Physical
forests of the Malnad region and the sprawling plains of the Maidan, Karnataka
offers a tapestry of landscapes and cultural heritage.
5. Language and Culture: Beyond Kannada
While Kannada is the principal language spoken in Karnataka, the state embraces
a rich tapestry of other languages, including Tulu, Hindi, Bengali, and Malayalam.
This linguistic diversity reflects the cultural vibrancy of Karnataka, where
traditions and customs intertwine harmoniously.
6. Flora and Fauna: A Sanctuary of Natural Splendor
Karnataka's natural beauty is adorned with a rich variety of flora and fauna. The
state boasts several national parks and wildlife sanctuaries that provide a safe
haven for endangered species. Bandipur National Park, Anshi National Park,
Kudremukh National Park, Nagarahole National Park, Bannerghatta National Park,
and Mudumalai National Park are just a few of the ecological gems that Karnataka
proudly preserves.
7. Magnificent Landmarks: Temples, Palaces, and Heritage
Sites
Karnataka's architectural marvels take visitors on a journey through time. The
state is adorned with awe-inspiring temples, grand palaces, and UNESCO World
Heritage Sites. The Bull Temple, Virupaksha Temple in Hampi, Chamundeshwari
Temple in Mysore, and the exquisite ruins of Hampi, a UNESCO World Heritage
Site, are among the many treasures that Karnataka proudly showcases.
8. Exquisite Handicrafts: Showcasing Karnataka's Artistic
Prowess
Karnataka's artistic heritage shines through its exquisite handicrafts. Bidriware,
known for its intricate metalwork, Chitragars' wood chiselling, and the specialized
card game Ganjifa, are examples of the state's artistic prowess. These crafts not
only reflect Karnataka's cultural heritage but also serve as a source of livelihood
for skilled artisans.
9. Bountiful Resources: Karnataka's Mining and Agriculture
Karnataka's rich reserves of minerals such as gold, silver, copper, iron-ore,
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala-
Physical
manganese, and granite rock have contributed significantly to the state's
economy. It is also the largest producer of raw silk and coffee in India. The fertile
lands of Karnataka yield major crops like rice, jowar, and coffee, further
establishing the state's agricultural significance.
10. Ports and Maritime Legacy: Connecting Karnataka to the
World
With a coastline along the Laccadive Sea and the Arabian Sea, Karnataka holds
strategic importance in maritime trade. The state's major port, New Mangalore
Port, connects Karnataka to the global economy. Additionally, Karwar, Belekeri,
Tadri, Honnavar, and other riverine anchorage ports play a vital role in facilitating
trade and commerce.
11. Fascinating Facts: Gold, Silk, and Gomateshwara
· Karnataka produces over 90% of India's gold, with historic gold mines in
Kolar District and Raichur District, as well as reserves in Dharwad and
Chitradurga.
· Raichur is renowned for its silver deposits.
· The districts of Hospet and Bellary are prominent for their extensive iron
ore mining.
· Karnataka holds the largest reserves of manganese ore in India.
· The state ranks first in raw silk production and is famous for its
sandalwood-oriented goods.
· Sharavan Belagola houses an 18-meter-high statue of Gomateshwara
(Bahubali), making it a significant Jain pilgrimage center.
· Karnataka is the leading producer of Ragi, a millet crop, in India.
12. Conclusion: Karnataka - A Land of Endless Wonders
Karnataka, with its rich history, diverse landscapes, technological advancements,
and cultural treasures, offers a captivating experience for residents and visitors
alike. From the bustling streets of Bengaluru to the serene Western Ghats and the
awe-inspiring ruins of Hampi, Karnataka's allure is boundless. As you embark on
your journey to explore the state, get ready to be enchanted by the majesty and
warmth of Karnataka - the Land of Endless Wonders.
Page 4


Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala-
Physical
Karnataka
Introduction
Welcome to the "Know Your State" series, where we explore the fascinating
details of India's diverse states. In this edition, we delve into the vibrant and
culturally rich state of Karnataka. Formerly known as the State of Mysore,
Karnataka was rechristened in 1973. Derived from the term Karunadu, meaning
'Lofty Land,' Karnataka offers a breathtaking blend of historical wonders, natural
beauty, and technological advancements. Join us as we unravel the treasures
hidden within Karnataka's boundaries.
1. Renaming the Land: From Mysore to Karnataka
Originally known as the State of Mysore, Karnataka underwent a significant
transformation when it was officially renamed in 1973. The name 'Karnataka' was
chosen to reflect the state's grandeur and lofty landscapes.
2. Geographical Boundaries: A Multifaceted State
Karnataka is bordered by the Laccadive Sea and the Arabian Sea to the west,
while Maharashtra, Goa, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana surround it from the
north, northwest, and east. Kerala and Tamil Nadu embrace Karnataka from the
southwest and southeast, respectively. Situated on the western edge of the
Deccan Plateau, the state boasts diverse topography, including majestic
mountains, serene plains, and a captivating coastline.
3. Captivating Bengaluru: The Silicon Valley of India
Serving as Karnataka's capital, Bengaluru is a city that seamlessly blends tradition
and technology. Often referred to as the Silicon Valley of India, Bengaluru is a hub
of innovation, entrepreneurship, and technological advancements. With its
vibrant culture, picturesque parks, and world-class educational institutions,
Bengaluru stands as a testament to Karnataka's progressive spirit.
4. A Tapestry of Districts: Exploring Karnataka's Diversity
Karnataka comprises 30 districts, each with its distinct identity and charm. From
the coastal beauty of Uttar Kannada, Udupi, and Dakshin Kannada to the lush
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala-
Physical
forests of the Malnad region and the sprawling plains of the Maidan, Karnataka
offers a tapestry of landscapes and cultural heritage.
5. Language and Culture: Beyond Kannada
While Kannada is the principal language spoken in Karnataka, the state embraces
a rich tapestry of other languages, including Tulu, Hindi, Bengali, and Malayalam.
This linguistic diversity reflects the cultural vibrancy of Karnataka, where
traditions and customs intertwine harmoniously.
6. Flora and Fauna: A Sanctuary of Natural Splendor
Karnataka's natural beauty is adorned with a rich variety of flora and fauna. The
state boasts several national parks and wildlife sanctuaries that provide a safe
haven for endangered species. Bandipur National Park, Anshi National Park,
Kudremukh National Park, Nagarahole National Park, Bannerghatta National Park,
and Mudumalai National Park are just a few of the ecological gems that Karnataka
proudly preserves.
7. Magnificent Landmarks: Temples, Palaces, and Heritage
Sites
Karnataka's architectural marvels take visitors on a journey through time. The
state is adorned with awe-inspiring temples, grand palaces, and UNESCO World
Heritage Sites. The Bull Temple, Virupaksha Temple in Hampi, Chamundeshwari
Temple in Mysore, and the exquisite ruins of Hampi, a UNESCO World Heritage
Site, are among the many treasures that Karnataka proudly showcases.
8. Exquisite Handicrafts: Showcasing Karnataka's Artistic
Prowess
Karnataka's artistic heritage shines through its exquisite handicrafts. Bidriware,
known for its intricate metalwork, Chitragars' wood chiselling, and the specialized
card game Ganjifa, are examples of the state's artistic prowess. These crafts not
only reflect Karnataka's cultural heritage but also serve as a source of livelihood
for skilled artisans.
9. Bountiful Resources: Karnataka's Mining and Agriculture
Karnataka's rich reserves of minerals such as gold, silver, copper, iron-ore,
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala-
Physical
manganese, and granite rock have contributed significantly to the state's
economy. It is also the largest producer of raw silk and coffee in India. The fertile
lands of Karnataka yield major crops like rice, jowar, and coffee, further
establishing the state's agricultural significance.
10. Ports and Maritime Legacy: Connecting Karnataka to the
World
With a coastline along the Laccadive Sea and the Arabian Sea, Karnataka holds
strategic importance in maritime trade. The state's major port, New Mangalore
Port, connects Karnataka to the global economy. Additionally, Karwar, Belekeri,
Tadri, Honnavar, and other riverine anchorage ports play a vital role in facilitating
trade and commerce.
11. Fascinating Facts: Gold, Silk, and Gomateshwara
· Karnataka produces over 90% of India's gold, with historic gold mines in
Kolar District and Raichur District, as well as reserves in Dharwad and
Chitradurga.
· Raichur is renowned for its silver deposits.
· The districts of Hospet and Bellary are prominent for their extensive iron
ore mining.
· Karnataka holds the largest reserves of manganese ore in India.
· The state ranks first in raw silk production and is famous for its
sandalwood-oriented goods.
· Sharavan Belagola houses an 18-meter-high statue of Gomateshwara
(Bahubali), making it a significant Jain pilgrimage center.
· Karnataka is the leading producer of Ragi, a millet crop, in India.
12. Conclusion: Karnataka - A Land of Endless Wonders
Karnataka, with its rich history, diverse landscapes, technological advancements,
and cultural treasures, offers a captivating experience for residents and visitors
alike. From the bustling streets of Bengaluru to the serene Western Ghats and the
awe-inspiring ruins of Hampi, Karnataka's allure is boundless. As you embark on
your journey to explore the state, get ready to be enchanted by the majesty and
warmth of Karnataka - the Land of Endless Wonders.
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala-
Physical
Tamil Nadu
Introduction
Situated in the Southern part of India, Tamil Nadu holds a significant position as
one of the most well-known and culturally rich states in the country. With its
diverse geography, ancient history, vibrant society, and delectable cuisine, Tamil
Nadu has become a favorite destination for tourists from around the world. In this
article, we will explore the captivating aspects of Tamil Nadu, including its
geography, history, society, festivals, education, economy, and infrastructure.
Geographical Marvels
1. A Southern Gem: Tamil Nadu is strategically bordered by Andhra
Pradesh to the north, Karnataka to the northwest, and Kerala to the
west. The state is embraced by two magnificent water bodies—the
Indian Ocean on the southern side and the Bay of Bengal on the eastern
side. Geographically, Tamil Nadu touches the extreme southern tip of
the Indian Peninsula, adding to its unique charm. The total area of the
state spans an impressive 130,058 square kilometers.
2. Enchanting Coastlines and Majestic Mountains: The geographical
wonders of Tamil Nadu offer a visual treat to visitors. With beautiful
coastlines adorned by swaying coconut trees, the state boasts a serene
and tranquil atmosphere. The pristine beaches and azure waters attract
tourists from far and wide. In addition, Tamil Nadu is blessed with
breathtaking mountain ranges, including the Eastern Ghats and Western
Ghats. The Nilgiri Hills, located at the meeting point of these ranges,
present a picturesque landscape that leaves a lasting impression on
every traveler.
3. Lifeline Rivers and Lush Plains: The river Cauvery, originating from the
neighboring state of Karnataka, flows through Tamil Nadu and serves as
the lifeline of the state. Its waters make the Coromandel Plains fertile,
creating a flourishing agricultural landscape. Tamil Nadu is also home to
several other significant rivers such as Kaveri, Thamirabarani, Vaigai,
Chittar, and Manimuthar, which contribute to the state's natural beauty
and provide resources for irrigation.
Page 5


Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala-
Physical
Karnataka
Introduction
Welcome to the "Know Your State" series, where we explore the fascinating
details of India's diverse states. In this edition, we delve into the vibrant and
culturally rich state of Karnataka. Formerly known as the State of Mysore,
Karnataka was rechristened in 1973. Derived from the term Karunadu, meaning
'Lofty Land,' Karnataka offers a breathtaking blend of historical wonders, natural
beauty, and technological advancements. Join us as we unravel the treasures
hidden within Karnataka's boundaries.
1. Renaming the Land: From Mysore to Karnataka
Originally known as the State of Mysore, Karnataka underwent a significant
transformation when it was officially renamed in 1973. The name 'Karnataka' was
chosen to reflect the state's grandeur and lofty landscapes.
2. Geographical Boundaries: A Multifaceted State
Karnataka is bordered by the Laccadive Sea and the Arabian Sea to the west,
while Maharashtra, Goa, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana surround it from the
north, northwest, and east. Kerala and Tamil Nadu embrace Karnataka from the
southwest and southeast, respectively. Situated on the western edge of the
Deccan Plateau, the state boasts diverse topography, including majestic
mountains, serene plains, and a captivating coastline.
3. Captivating Bengaluru: The Silicon Valley of India
Serving as Karnataka's capital, Bengaluru is a city that seamlessly blends tradition
and technology. Often referred to as the Silicon Valley of India, Bengaluru is a hub
of innovation, entrepreneurship, and technological advancements. With its
vibrant culture, picturesque parks, and world-class educational institutions,
Bengaluru stands as a testament to Karnataka's progressive spirit.
4. A Tapestry of Districts: Exploring Karnataka's Diversity
Karnataka comprises 30 districts, each with its distinct identity and charm. From
the coastal beauty of Uttar Kannada, Udupi, and Dakshin Kannada to the lush
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala-
Physical
forests of the Malnad region and the sprawling plains of the Maidan, Karnataka
offers a tapestry of landscapes and cultural heritage.
5. Language and Culture: Beyond Kannada
While Kannada is the principal language spoken in Karnataka, the state embraces
a rich tapestry of other languages, including Tulu, Hindi, Bengali, and Malayalam.
This linguistic diversity reflects the cultural vibrancy of Karnataka, where
traditions and customs intertwine harmoniously.
6. Flora and Fauna: A Sanctuary of Natural Splendor
Karnataka's natural beauty is adorned with a rich variety of flora and fauna. The
state boasts several national parks and wildlife sanctuaries that provide a safe
haven for endangered species. Bandipur National Park, Anshi National Park,
Kudremukh National Park, Nagarahole National Park, Bannerghatta National Park,
and Mudumalai National Park are just a few of the ecological gems that Karnataka
proudly preserves.
7. Magnificent Landmarks: Temples, Palaces, and Heritage
Sites
Karnataka's architectural marvels take visitors on a journey through time. The
state is adorned with awe-inspiring temples, grand palaces, and UNESCO World
Heritage Sites. The Bull Temple, Virupaksha Temple in Hampi, Chamundeshwari
Temple in Mysore, and the exquisite ruins of Hampi, a UNESCO World Heritage
Site, are among the many treasures that Karnataka proudly showcases.
8. Exquisite Handicrafts: Showcasing Karnataka's Artistic
Prowess
Karnataka's artistic heritage shines through its exquisite handicrafts. Bidriware,
known for its intricate metalwork, Chitragars' wood chiselling, and the specialized
card game Ganjifa, are examples of the state's artistic prowess. These crafts not
only reflect Karnataka's cultural heritage but also serve as a source of livelihood
for skilled artisans.
9. Bountiful Resources: Karnataka's Mining and Agriculture
Karnataka's rich reserves of minerals such as gold, silver, copper, iron-ore,
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala-
Physical
manganese, and granite rock have contributed significantly to the state's
economy. It is also the largest producer of raw silk and coffee in India. The fertile
lands of Karnataka yield major crops like rice, jowar, and coffee, further
establishing the state's agricultural significance.
10. Ports and Maritime Legacy: Connecting Karnataka to the
World
With a coastline along the Laccadive Sea and the Arabian Sea, Karnataka holds
strategic importance in maritime trade. The state's major port, New Mangalore
Port, connects Karnataka to the global economy. Additionally, Karwar, Belekeri,
Tadri, Honnavar, and other riverine anchorage ports play a vital role in facilitating
trade and commerce.
11. Fascinating Facts: Gold, Silk, and Gomateshwara
· Karnataka produces over 90% of India's gold, with historic gold mines in
Kolar District and Raichur District, as well as reserves in Dharwad and
Chitradurga.
· Raichur is renowned for its silver deposits.
· The districts of Hospet and Bellary are prominent for their extensive iron
ore mining.
· Karnataka holds the largest reserves of manganese ore in India.
· The state ranks first in raw silk production and is famous for its
sandalwood-oriented goods.
· Sharavan Belagola houses an 18-meter-high statue of Gomateshwara
(Bahubali), making it a significant Jain pilgrimage center.
· Karnataka is the leading producer of Ragi, a millet crop, in India.
12. Conclusion: Karnataka - A Land of Endless Wonders
Karnataka, with its rich history, diverse landscapes, technological advancements,
and cultural treasures, offers a captivating experience for residents and visitors
alike. From the bustling streets of Bengaluru to the serene Western Ghats and the
awe-inspiring ruins of Hampi, Karnataka's allure is boundless. As you embark on
your journey to explore the state, get ready to be enchanted by the majesty and
warmth of Karnataka - the Land of Endless Wonders.
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala-
Physical
Tamil Nadu
Introduction
Situated in the Southern part of India, Tamil Nadu holds a significant position as
one of the most well-known and culturally rich states in the country. With its
diverse geography, ancient history, vibrant society, and delectable cuisine, Tamil
Nadu has become a favorite destination for tourists from around the world. In this
article, we will explore the captivating aspects of Tamil Nadu, including its
geography, history, society, festivals, education, economy, and infrastructure.
Geographical Marvels
1. A Southern Gem: Tamil Nadu is strategically bordered by Andhra
Pradesh to the north, Karnataka to the northwest, and Kerala to the
west. The state is embraced by two magnificent water bodies—the
Indian Ocean on the southern side and the Bay of Bengal on the eastern
side. Geographically, Tamil Nadu touches the extreme southern tip of
the Indian Peninsula, adding to its unique charm. The total area of the
state spans an impressive 130,058 square kilometers.
2. Enchanting Coastlines and Majestic Mountains: The geographical
wonders of Tamil Nadu offer a visual treat to visitors. With beautiful
coastlines adorned by swaying coconut trees, the state boasts a serene
and tranquil atmosphere. The pristine beaches and azure waters attract
tourists from far and wide. In addition, Tamil Nadu is blessed with
breathtaking mountain ranges, including the Eastern Ghats and Western
Ghats. The Nilgiri Hills, located at the meeting point of these ranges,
present a picturesque landscape that leaves a lasting impression on
every traveler.
3. Lifeline Rivers and Lush Plains: The river Cauvery, originating from the
neighboring state of Karnataka, flows through Tamil Nadu and serves as
the lifeline of the state. Its waters make the Coromandel Plains fertile,
creating a flourishing agricultural landscape. Tamil Nadu is also home to
several other significant rivers such as Kaveri, Thamirabarani, Vaigai,
Chittar, and Manimuthar, which contribute to the state's natural beauty
and provide resources for irrigation.
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala-
Physical
A Glimpse into History
1. Ancient Origins and Glorious Dynasties: With a history dating back over
6,000 years, Tamil Nadu holds a prominent place among the ancient
civilizations of the world. Considered the birthplace of the Dravidians, Tamil
Nadu witnessed the rise and fall of various dynasties that left a profound
impact on its cultural heritage. The Cholas, Pallavas, and Pandavas are
among the illustrious dynasties that once ruled the state. The Chola kings,
renowned for their valor, regained their power in the 9th century after a
series of battles, only to be overpowered by the Muslim Sultans in the 14th
century.
2. The Three Divisions of History: Historians categorize the history of Tamil
Nadu into three distinct periods: ancient, middle, and modern. Each phase
showcases the region's remarkable achievements in art, architecture,
literature, and governance. The state's ancient history reveals the glorious
reign of dynasties, while the medieval period marks the arrival of foreign
powers and their influence. The modern era witnesses the state's
participation in the Indian independence movement and its subsequent
progress as a part of post-independence India.
Vibrant Society, Politics, and Culture
1. Political Landscape: With 234 assembly constituencies and around 40
parliamentary constituencies, Tamil Nadu holds a significant position in the
Indian political scenario. The state has witnessed the rise of influential
political leaders who have left a lasting impact on Tamil Nadu's politics,
both at the state and national levels. The political environment in Tamil
Nadu is known for its active participation of the masses, with public rallies,
protests, and campaigns being a common sight during elections.
2. Cultural Extravaganza: Tamil Nadu's culture is renowned for its richness,
diversity, and deep-rooted traditions. The state takes immense pride in its
classical language, Tamil, which has a history spanning over 2,000 years.
Literature, music, dance, and art flourish in Tamil Nadu, with classical forms
like Bharatanatyam (dance) and Carnatic music having their origins in the
region. Festivals such as Pongal, Diwali, Navaratri, and Tamil New Year are