Yojana Magazine August 2023 - 2 (Hindi) | Current Affairs (Hindi): Daily, Weekly & Monthly - UPSC PDF Download

 Page 1


23 ????? 2023
jr dh vkfFkZd ;k=kk vkt+knh osQ ckn osQ 
'kq#vkrh o"kks± ls izkjaHk gksrh gS] tc blus 
fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk osQ ekWMy dks viuk;k Fkk] 
ftlesa lektoknh uhfr;ksa dks cktkj vFkZO;oLFkk osQ ?kVdksa 
osQ lkFk tksM+k x;k FkkA blesa lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ m|eksa dh 
LFkkiuk vkSj vk;kr çfrLFkkiu osQ ekè;e ls jk"Vª&fuekZ.k] 
vkS|ksxhdj.k rFkk vkR?efuHkZjrk çkIr djus ij è;ku osQafær 
fd;k x;k FkkA bu uhfr;ksa us gkykafd vkS|ksfxd fodkl 
dh uhao j[kh] ysfdu buls ukSdj'kkgh dh v{kerk,a] lhfer 
çfrLièkkZ vkSj vo#¼ uokpkj tSls vuisf{kr ifj.kke Hkh 
lkeus vk,A
1990 dk n'kd Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk osQ fy, ,d 
egRoiw.kZ eksM+ Fkk (oqQN yksx lksprs gSa fd bldh 'kq#vkr 
vLlh osQ n'kd esa gqbZ)A 1980 osQ n'kd osQ var vkSj 
1990 osQ n'kd dh 'kq#vkr esa ns'k dks O;kid vkfFkZd 
vlarqyu dk lkeuk djuk iM+k] ftlus ljdkj dks 1991 
esa lajpukRed lqèkkj 'kq: djus osQ fy, çsfjr fd;kA osQUnz 
vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa osQ cM+s la;qDr ?kkVs] c<r+h eqækLiQhfr 
dk ncko vkSj pkyw [kkrk ?kkVs us Hkqxrku larqyu ladV dh 
fLFkfr iSnk dj nh FkhA rc fLFkfr ij dkcw ikus osQ fy, 
Hkkjr us vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k vkSj lqèkkjksa dh jkg idM+hA
ljdkj us ykblsal jkt dks [kRe djus] çR;{k fons'kh 
fuos'k dks çksRlkfgr djus vkSj futhdj.k dks c<+kok nsus 
dh uhfr;ka ykxw dhaA çfrLièkkZRedrk cuk, j[kus osQ fy, 
vko';d ewY;ßkl dh vuqefr nsrs gq, fofue; nj dks 
yphyk cuk;k x;kA pkyw [kkrs ij #i;k iw.kZr% vkSj iwath 
[kkrs ij vkaf'kd :i ls ifjorZuh; gks x;kA cktkj&mUeq[k 
vFkZO;oLFkk dh vksj bl cnyko us fodkl osQ jkLrs [kksys] 
m|e'khyrk dks c<+kok fn;k vkSj oSf'od fuos'k dks vkdf"kZr 
fd;kA okLrfod fodkl nj o"kZ 1993 vkSj 2000 osQ chp] 
1980 osQ n'kd dh vkSlru 5-5 çfr'kr ls c<+dj 6-3 
çfr'kr gks xbZA fons'k O;kikj esa mYys[kuh; o`f¼ gqbZ vkSj 
oLrqvksa rFkk lsokvksa dk O;kikj&ls&thMhih vuqikr 1990 
osQ 17-2 çfr'kr ls c<+dj 2000 esa 30-6 çfr'kr gks x;kA
ubZ lglzkCnh esa #d&#d dj gqbZ çxfr osQ ckotwn 
bu lqèkkjksa dks tkjh j[kk x;kA 2000 osQ n'kd dh 'kq#vkr 
esa çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dks vkSj vfèkd mnkj cuk;k x;kA 
1999 dh ubZ nwjlapkj uhfr us Hkkjr esa vkbZVh {ks=k esa rsth 
yk nh] ftlls vU; {ks=kksa dks Hkh cM+k ykHk gqvkA bl vofèk 
osQ nkSjku bu igyksa osQ dk;kZUo;u osQ fy, ,d lefiZr 
ea=kky; dh LFkkiuk osQ lkFk] fofuos'k vkSj futhdj.k 
dh uhfr us xfr idM+hA O;kid vkfFkZd vlarqyu dks nwj 
Hkk
jk"Vªksa dh çxfr esa muosQ fodkl&iFk dks vkdkj nsus esa vFkZO;oLFkk egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk 
fuHkkrh gSA Hkkjr dh vkt+knh osQ 75 lky iwjs gksus ij bldh vFkZO;oLFkk dh ;k=kk 
mu ifjorZuksa] pqukSfr;ksa vkSj voljksa dks n'kkZrh gS tks Hkkjr dh iq"V] xfr'khy vkSj 
çxfr'khy çÑfr dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gaSA le; osQ lkFk] Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk us dbZ 
mrkj&p<+ko ns[ks gaS] ckèkkvksa dks ikj fd;k gS vkSj Lo;a dks nqfu;k dh ikapoha lcls 
cM+h vFkZO;oLFkk osQ :i esa LFkkfir djus osQ fy, voljksa dk ykHk mBk;k gSA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
,sfrgkfld ifjçs{; vkSj  
vkxs dk jkLrk
oh vuar ukxs'oju
Hkkjr ljdkj osQ eq[; vkfFkZd lykgdkjA bZesy% cea@nic.in 
iQksdl
Page 2


23 ????? 2023
jr dh vkfFkZd ;k=kk vkt+knh osQ ckn osQ 
'kq#vkrh o"kks± ls izkjaHk gksrh gS] tc blus 
fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk osQ ekWMy dks viuk;k Fkk] 
ftlesa lektoknh uhfr;ksa dks cktkj vFkZO;oLFkk osQ ?kVdksa 
osQ lkFk tksM+k x;k FkkA blesa lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ m|eksa dh 
LFkkiuk vkSj vk;kr çfrLFkkiu osQ ekè;e ls jk"Vª&fuekZ.k] 
vkS|ksxhdj.k rFkk vkR?efuHkZjrk çkIr djus ij è;ku osQafær 
fd;k x;k FkkA bu uhfr;ksa us gkykafd vkS|ksfxd fodkl 
dh uhao j[kh] ysfdu buls ukSdj'kkgh dh v{kerk,a] lhfer 
çfrLièkkZ vkSj vo#¼ uokpkj tSls vuisf{kr ifj.kke Hkh 
lkeus vk,A
1990 dk n'kd Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk osQ fy, ,d 
egRoiw.kZ eksM+ Fkk (oqQN yksx lksprs gSa fd bldh 'kq#vkr 
vLlh osQ n'kd esa gqbZ)A 1980 osQ n'kd osQ var vkSj 
1990 osQ n'kd dh 'kq#vkr esa ns'k dks O;kid vkfFkZd 
vlarqyu dk lkeuk djuk iM+k] ftlus ljdkj dks 1991 
esa lajpukRed lqèkkj 'kq: djus osQ fy, çsfjr fd;kA osQUnz 
vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa osQ cM+s la;qDr ?kkVs] c<r+h eqækLiQhfr 
dk ncko vkSj pkyw [kkrk ?kkVs us Hkqxrku larqyu ladV dh 
fLFkfr iSnk dj nh FkhA rc fLFkfr ij dkcw ikus osQ fy, 
Hkkjr us vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k vkSj lqèkkjksa dh jkg idM+hA
ljdkj us ykblsal jkt dks [kRe djus] çR;{k fons'kh 
fuos'k dks çksRlkfgr djus vkSj futhdj.k dks c<+kok nsus 
dh uhfr;ka ykxw dhaA çfrLièkkZRedrk cuk, j[kus osQ fy, 
vko';d ewY;ßkl dh vuqefr nsrs gq, fofue; nj dks 
yphyk cuk;k x;kA pkyw [kkrs ij #i;k iw.kZr% vkSj iwath 
[kkrs ij vkaf'kd :i ls ifjorZuh; gks x;kA cktkj&mUeq[k 
vFkZO;oLFkk dh vksj bl cnyko us fodkl osQ jkLrs [kksys] 
m|e'khyrk dks c<+kok fn;k vkSj oSf'od fuos'k dks vkdf"kZr 
fd;kA okLrfod fodkl nj o"kZ 1993 vkSj 2000 osQ chp] 
1980 osQ n'kd dh vkSlru 5-5 çfr'kr ls c<+dj 6-3 
çfr'kr gks xbZA fons'k O;kikj esa mYys[kuh; o`f¼ gqbZ vkSj 
oLrqvksa rFkk lsokvksa dk O;kikj&ls&thMhih vuqikr 1990 
osQ 17-2 çfr'kr ls c<+dj 2000 esa 30-6 çfr'kr gks x;kA
ubZ lglzkCnh esa #d&#d dj gqbZ çxfr osQ ckotwn 
bu lqèkkjksa dks tkjh j[kk x;kA 2000 osQ n'kd dh 'kq#vkr 
esa çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dks vkSj vfèkd mnkj cuk;k x;kA 
1999 dh ubZ nwjlapkj uhfr us Hkkjr esa vkbZVh {ks=k esa rsth 
yk nh] ftlls vU; {ks=kksa dks Hkh cM+k ykHk gqvkA bl vofèk 
osQ nkSjku bu igyksa osQ dk;kZUo;u osQ fy, ,d lefiZr 
ea=kky; dh LFkkiuk osQ lkFk] fofuos'k vkSj futhdj.k 
dh uhfr us xfr idM+hA O;kid vkfFkZd vlarqyu dks nwj 
Hkk
jk"Vªksa dh çxfr esa muosQ fodkl&iFk dks vkdkj nsus esa vFkZO;oLFkk egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk 
fuHkkrh gSA Hkkjr dh vkt+knh osQ 75 lky iwjs gksus ij bldh vFkZO;oLFkk dh ;k=kk 
mu ifjorZuksa] pqukSfr;ksa vkSj voljksa dks n'kkZrh gS tks Hkkjr dh iq"V] xfr'khy vkSj 
çxfr'khy çÑfr dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gaSA le; osQ lkFk] Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk us dbZ 
mrkj&p<+ko ns[ks gaS] ckèkkvksa dks ikj fd;k gS vkSj Lo;a dks nqfu;k dh ikapoha lcls 
cM+h vFkZO;oLFkk osQ :i esa LFkkfir djus osQ fy, voljksa dk ykHk mBk;k gSA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
,sfrgkfld ifjçs{; vkSj  
vkxs dk jkLrk
oh vuar ukxs'oju
Hkkjr ljdkj osQ eq[; vkfFkZd lykgdkjA bZesy% cea@nic.in 
iQksdl
24 ????? 2023
1980 osQ n'kd osQ var vkSj 1990 osQ 
n'kd dh 'kq#vkr esa ns'k dks O;kid 
vkfFkZd vlarqyu dk lkeuk djuk iM+k] 
ftlus ljdkj dks 1991 esa lajpukRed 
lqèkkj 'kq: djus osQ fy, çsfjr fd;kA osQUnz 
vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa osQ cM+s la;qDr ?kkVs] 
c<r+h eqækLiQhfr dk ncko vkSj pkyw [kkrk 
?kkVs us Hkqxrku larqyu ladV dh fLFkfr 
iSnk dj nh FkhA rc fLFkfr ij dkcw ikus 
osQ fy, Hkkjr us vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k vkSj 
lqèkkjksa dh jkg idM+hA
djus osQ fy, lajpukRed uhfr;ka cukbZ xbZaA ljdkj osQ 
,sfrgkfld :i ls mPp la;qDr ldy jktdks"kh; ?kkVs ij 
dkcw ikus osQ fy, jktdks"kh; mÙkjnkf;Ro vkSj ctV çcaèku 
(,iQvkjch,e) vfèkfu;e cuk;k x;k FkkA 1991 osQ lqèkkjksa 
osQ ckn vkfFkZd iqu#RFkku osQ nkSjku tek gq, [kjkc ½.kksa osQ 
cks> ls nch cSafdax ç.kkyh dks C;kt njksa osQ fofu;eu vkSj 
ljiQslh dkuwu 2002 osQ ekè;e ls lgk;rk iznku dh xbZ 
FkhA lajpukRed lqèkkjksa osQ bu o"kks± us Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk 
dh O;kid&vkfFkZd uhao dks etcwr fd;k rkfd vkus okys 
o"kks± esa mPp fodkl nj dks gkfly fd;k tk losQA bldk 
ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd tgka 2003&2008 esa oSf'od fodkl 
nj vkSlru 4-8 çfr'kr Fkh] ogha Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk us 8 
çfr'kr ls vfèkd dh vkSlr fodkl nj gkfly dhA ?kjsyw 
vkfFkZd xfrfofèk;ksa esa fujarj xfr] csgrj dkWiksZjsV çn'kZu] 
fuos'k osQ vuqowQy ekgkSy vkSj vuqowQy oSf'od rjyrk dh 
fLFkfr rFkk C;kt njksa osQ ifj.kkeLo:i 2004 ls 2008 rd 
Hkkjr esa i;kZIr iwath çokg gqvkA ?kjsyw ½.k fo'ks"k :i ls 
cSad ½.k] ldy ?kjsyw mRikn osQ fgLls osQ :i esa nksxquk 
gks x;kA 2022&23 osQ fy, ljdkj osQ vkfFkZd losZ{k.k osQ 
vè;k; 2 esa bldk  fooj.k  fn;k x;k gSA
lglzkCnh osQ igys n'kd esa bl vj{k.kh; ½.k mNky 
us cSadksa dh xSj&fu"ikfnr laifÙk;ksa esa o`f¼ dhA tSls&tSls 
daifu;ksa dk fuos'k de gksrk x;k] cSad ½.k pqdkus dh 
mudh {kerk Hkh de gksrh xbZA blls foÙkh; vkSj xSj&foÙkh; 
{ks=k dh cSysal 'khV dh =kqfV;ksa dks Bhd djus dh yach 
vofèk 'kq: gks xbZ] ftlosQ fy, ljdkj vkSj Hkkjrh; 
fjt+Zo cSad us foÙkh; {ks=k dh lgk;rk osQ fy, dbZ uhfrxr 
mik; fd,A ljiQslh vfèkfu;e 2002 esa la'kksèku] fnokyk 
vkSj ½.k&'kksèku v{kerk lafgrk dk dk;kZUo;u] ^ifjlaifÙk 
xq.koÙkk leh{kk* dh 'kq:vkr] Rofjr lqèkkjkRed dkjZokbZ 
<kaps dks viukuk] lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ cSadksa dk iquiw±thdj.k 
rFkk foy; vkSj vU; mik;ksa us cSadksa vkSj fuxeksa dh cSysal 
'khV osQ eqíksa dks gy djus esa enn dhA
u, tekus osQ lqèkkj
lglzkCnh osQ nwljs n'kd esa cSysal 'khV dks nq#Lr djus ls 
ns'k dh fodkl {kerk vkSj xfr'khyrk ij foijhr vlj iM+kA 
urhtru] 2014 ls ljdkj dh vkfFkZd uhfr dk è;ku dkjksckj 
lqxerk vkSj HkkSfrd rFkk fMftVy cqfu;knh <kaps dk egRoiw.kZ 
:i ls foLrkj dj Hkkjr dh fodkl {kerk dks cgky djus 
ij jgk gSA bu ç;klksa dk mís'; lexz O;kolkf;d ekgkSy esa 
lqèkkj djuk vkSj Hkkjr osQ fofuekZ.k {ks=k dh çfrLièkkZRedrk 
dks etcwr djuk gSA lapkyu O;oLFkkvksa vkSj çfØ;kvksa dks 
csgrj cukrs gq, dkjksckj lqxerk vkSj thou dh xq.koÙkk esa 
lqèkkj ykus osQ fy, fofoèk vkfFkZd lqèkkj ykxw fd, x, gSaA
fnokyk rFkk ½.k 'kksèku v{kerk lafgrk (vkbZchlh) 
vkSj fj;y ,LVsV (fofu;eu vkSj fodkl) vfèkfu;e (jsjk) 
tSls lqèkkjksa osQ ekè;e ls fu;ked <kaps osQ ljyhdj.k us 
dkjksckj lqxerk dks c<+k;k gS vkSj blls fuos'kd Hkkouk 
esa lqèkkj gqvk gSA fnokyk rFkk ½.k 'kksèku v{kerk lafgrk 
vfèkfu;e dh çfØ;kvksa ls cpus osQ fy,] ½.k vnk ugha 
djus osQ ekeyksa essa vnkyr osQ ckgj lsVyesaV dk pyu 
c<+k gSA fj;y ,LVsV (fofu;eu vkSj fodkl) vfèkfu;e 
us fj;y ,LVsV {ks=k dks vkSj vfèkd laxfBr cukdj mlesa 
cnyko yk fn;k gS] ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:i u, ykWUp vkSj 
edkuksa dh fcØh esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
blosQ vfrfjDr] 2014 osQ ckn ls Hkkjr esa djkèkku ra=k 
esa egRoiw.kZ cnyko fd, x, gSaA ,dhÑr oLrq vkSj lsok 
dj (th,lVh) dks viukuk] dkWiksZjsV vkSj vk;dj njksa esa 
Page 3


23 ????? 2023
jr dh vkfFkZd ;k=kk vkt+knh osQ ckn osQ 
'kq#vkrh o"kks± ls izkjaHk gksrh gS] tc blus 
fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk osQ ekWMy dks viuk;k Fkk] 
ftlesa lektoknh uhfr;ksa dks cktkj vFkZO;oLFkk osQ ?kVdksa 
osQ lkFk tksM+k x;k FkkA blesa lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ m|eksa dh 
LFkkiuk vkSj vk;kr çfrLFkkiu osQ ekè;e ls jk"Vª&fuekZ.k] 
vkS|ksxhdj.k rFkk vkR?efuHkZjrk çkIr djus ij è;ku osQafær 
fd;k x;k FkkA bu uhfr;ksa us gkykafd vkS|ksfxd fodkl 
dh uhao j[kh] ysfdu buls ukSdj'kkgh dh v{kerk,a] lhfer 
çfrLièkkZ vkSj vo#¼ uokpkj tSls vuisf{kr ifj.kke Hkh 
lkeus vk,A
1990 dk n'kd Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk osQ fy, ,d 
egRoiw.kZ eksM+ Fkk (oqQN yksx lksprs gSa fd bldh 'kq#vkr 
vLlh osQ n'kd esa gqbZ)A 1980 osQ n'kd osQ var vkSj 
1990 osQ n'kd dh 'kq#vkr esa ns'k dks O;kid vkfFkZd 
vlarqyu dk lkeuk djuk iM+k] ftlus ljdkj dks 1991 
esa lajpukRed lqèkkj 'kq: djus osQ fy, çsfjr fd;kA osQUnz 
vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa osQ cM+s la;qDr ?kkVs] c<r+h eqækLiQhfr 
dk ncko vkSj pkyw [kkrk ?kkVs us Hkqxrku larqyu ladV dh 
fLFkfr iSnk dj nh FkhA rc fLFkfr ij dkcw ikus osQ fy, 
Hkkjr us vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k vkSj lqèkkjksa dh jkg idM+hA
ljdkj us ykblsal jkt dks [kRe djus] çR;{k fons'kh 
fuos'k dks çksRlkfgr djus vkSj futhdj.k dks c<+kok nsus 
dh uhfr;ka ykxw dhaA çfrLièkkZRedrk cuk, j[kus osQ fy, 
vko';d ewY;ßkl dh vuqefr nsrs gq, fofue; nj dks 
yphyk cuk;k x;kA pkyw [kkrs ij #i;k iw.kZr% vkSj iwath 
[kkrs ij vkaf'kd :i ls ifjorZuh; gks x;kA cktkj&mUeq[k 
vFkZO;oLFkk dh vksj bl cnyko us fodkl osQ jkLrs [kksys] 
m|e'khyrk dks c<+kok fn;k vkSj oSf'od fuos'k dks vkdf"kZr 
fd;kA okLrfod fodkl nj o"kZ 1993 vkSj 2000 osQ chp] 
1980 osQ n'kd dh vkSlru 5-5 çfr'kr ls c<+dj 6-3 
çfr'kr gks xbZA fons'k O;kikj esa mYys[kuh; o`f¼ gqbZ vkSj 
oLrqvksa rFkk lsokvksa dk O;kikj&ls&thMhih vuqikr 1990 
osQ 17-2 çfr'kr ls c<+dj 2000 esa 30-6 çfr'kr gks x;kA
ubZ lglzkCnh esa #d&#d dj gqbZ çxfr osQ ckotwn 
bu lqèkkjksa dks tkjh j[kk x;kA 2000 osQ n'kd dh 'kq#vkr 
esa çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dks vkSj vfèkd mnkj cuk;k x;kA 
1999 dh ubZ nwjlapkj uhfr us Hkkjr esa vkbZVh {ks=k esa rsth 
yk nh] ftlls vU; {ks=kksa dks Hkh cM+k ykHk gqvkA bl vofèk 
osQ nkSjku bu igyksa osQ dk;kZUo;u osQ fy, ,d lefiZr 
ea=kky; dh LFkkiuk osQ lkFk] fofuos'k vkSj futhdj.k 
dh uhfr us xfr idM+hA O;kid vkfFkZd vlarqyu dks nwj 
Hkk
jk"Vªksa dh çxfr esa muosQ fodkl&iFk dks vkdkj nsus esa vFkZO;oLFkk egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk 
fuHkkrh gSA Hkkjr dh vkt+knh osQ 75 lky iwjs gksus ij bldh vFkZO;oLFkk dh ;k=kk 
mu ifjorZuksa] pqukSfr;ksa vkSj voljksa dks n'kkZrh gS tks Hkkjr dh iq"V] xfr'khy vkSj 
çxfr'khy çÑfr dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gaSA le; osQ lkFk] Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk us dbZ 
mrkj&p<+ko ns[ks gaS] ckèkkvksa dks ikj fd;k gS vkSj Lo;a dks nqfu;k dh ikapoha lcls 
cM+h vFkZO;oLFkk osQ :i esa LFkkfir djus osQ fy, voljksa dk ykHk mBk;k gSA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
,sfrgkfld ifjçs{; vkSj  
vkxs dk jkLrk
oh vuar ukxs'oju
Hkkjr ljdkj osQ eq[; vkfFkZd lykgdkjA bZesy% cea@nic.in 
iQksdl
24 ????? 2023
1980 osQ n'kd osQ var vkSj 1990 osQ 
n'kd dh 'kq#vkr esa ns'k dks O;kid 
vkfFkZd vlarqyu dk lkeuk djuk iM+k] 
ftlus ljdkj dks 1991 esa lajpukRed 
lqèkkj 'kq: djus osQ fy, çsfjr fd;kA osQUnz 
vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa osQ cM+s la;qDr ?kkVs] 
c<r+h eqækLiQhfr dk ncko vkSj pkyw [kkrk 
?kkVs us Hkqxrku larqyu ladV dh fLFkfr 
iSnk dj nh FkhA rc fLFkfr ij dkcw ikus 
osQ fy, Hkkjr us vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k vkSj 
lqèkkjksa dh jkg idM+hA
djus osQ fy, lajpukRed uhfr;ka cukbZ xbZaA ljdkj osQ 
,sfrgkfld :i ls mPp la;qDr ldy jktdks"kh; ?kkVs ij 
dkcw ikus osQ fy, jktdks"kh; mÙkjnkf;Ro vkSj ctV çcaèku 
(,iQvkjch,e) vfèkfu;e cuk;k x;k FkkA 1991 osQ lqèkkjksa 
osQ ckn vkfFkZd iqu#RFkku osQ nkSjku tek gq, [kjkc ½.kksa osQ 
cks> ls nch cSafdax ç.kkyh dks C;kt njksa osQ fofu;eu vkSj 
ljiQslh dkuwu 2002 osQ ekè;e ls lgk;rk iznku dh xbZ 
FkhA lajpukRed lqèkkjksa osQ bu o"kks± us Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk 
dh O;kid&vkfFkZd uhao dks etcwr fd;k rkfd vkus okys 
o"kks± esa mPp fodkl nj dks gkfly fd;k tk losQA bldk 
ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd tgka 2003&2008 esa oSf'od fodkl 
nj vkSlru 4-8 çfr'kr Fkh] ogha Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk us 8 
çfr'kr ls vfèkd dh vkSlr fodkl nj gkfly dhA ?kjsyw 
vkfFkZd xfrfofèk;ksa esa fujarj xfr] csgrj dkWiksZjsV çn'kZu] 
fuos'k osQ vuqowQy ekgkSy vkSj vuqowQy oSf'od rjyrk dh 
fLFkfr rFkk C;kt njksa osQ ifj.kkeLo:i 2004 ls 2008 rd 
Hkkjr esa i;kZIr iwath çokg gqvkA ?kjsyw ½.k fo'ks"k :i ls 
cSad ½.k] ldy ?kjsyw mRikn osQ fgLls osQ :i esa nksxquk 
gks x;kA 2022&23 osQ fy, ljdkj osQ vkfFkZd losZ{k.k osQ 
vè;k; 2 esa bldk  fooj.k  fn;k x;k gSA
lglzkCnh osQ igys n'kd esa bl vj{k.kh; ½.k mNky 
us cSadksa dh xSj&fu"ikfnr laifÙk;ksa esa o`f¼ dhA tSls&tSls 
daifu;ksa dk fuos'k de gksrk x;k] cSad ½.k pqdkus dh 
mudh {kerk Hkh de gksrh xbZA blls foÙkh; vkSj xSj&foÙkh; 
{ks=k dh cSysal 'khV dh =kqfV;ksa dks Bhd djus dh yach 
vofèk 'kq: gks xbZ] ftlosQ fy, ljdkj vkSj Hkkjrh; 
fjt+Zo cSad us foÙkh; {ks=k dh lgk;rk osQ fy, dbZ uhfrxr 
mik; fd,A ljiQslh vfèkfu;e 2002 esa la'kksèku] fnokyk 
vkSj ½.k&'kksèku v{kerk lafgrk dk dk;kZUo;u] ^ifjlaifÙk 
xq.koÙkk leh{kk* dh 'kq:vkr] Rofjr lqèkkjkRed dkjZokbZ 
<kaps dks viukuk] lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ cSadksa dk iquiw±thdj.k 
rFkk foy; vkSj vU; mik;ksa us cSadksa vkSj fuxeksa dh cSysal 
'khV osQ eqíksa dks gy djus esa enn dhA
u, tekus osQ lqèkkj
lglzkCnh osQ nwljs n'kd esa cSysal 'khV dks nq#Lr djus ls 
ns'k dh fodkl {kerk vkSj xfr'khyrk ij foijhr vlj iM+kA 
urhtru] 2014 ls ljdkj dh vkfFkZd uhfr dk è;ku dkjksckj 
lqxerk vkSj HkkSfrd rFkk fMftVy cqfu;knh <kaps dk egRoiw.kZ 
:i ls foLrkj dj Hkkjr dh fodkl {kerk dks cgky djus 
ij jgk gSA bu ç;klksa dk mís'; lexz O;kolkf;d ekgkSy esa 
lqèkkj djuk vkSj Hkkjr osQ fofuekZ.k {ks=k dh çfrLièkkZRedrk 
dks etcwr djuk gSA lapkyu O;oLFkkvksa vkSj çfØ;kvksa dks 
csgrj cukrs gq, dkjksckj lqxerk vkSj thou dh xq.koÙkk esa 
lqèkkj ykus osQ fy, fofoèk vkfFkZd lqèkkj ykxw fd, x, gSaA
fnokyk rFkk ½.k 'kksèku v{kerk lafgrk (vkbZchlh) 
vkSj fj;y ,LVsV (fofu;eu vkSj fodkl) vfèkfu;e (jsjk) 
tSls lqèkkjksa osQ ekè;e ls fu;ked <kaps osQ ljyhdj.k us 
dkjksckj lqxerk dks c<+k;k gS vkSj blls fuos'kd Hkkouk 
esa lqèkkj gqvk gSA fnokyk rFkk ½.k 'kksèku v{kerk lafgrk 
vfèkfu;e dh çfØ;kvksa ls cpus osQ fy,] ½.k vnk ugha 
djus osQ ekeyksa essa vnkyr osQ ckgj lsVyesaV dk pyu 
c<+k gSA fj;y ,LVsV (fofu;eu vkSj fodkl) vfèkfu;e 
us fj;y ,LVsV {ks=k dks vkSj vfèkd laxfBr cukdj mlesa 
cnyko yk fn;k gS] ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:i u, ykWUp vkSj 
edkuksa dh fcØh esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
blosQ vfrfjDr] 2014 osQ ckn ls Hkkjr esa djkèkku ra=k 
esa egRoiw.kZ cnyko fd, x, gSaA ,dhÑr oLrq vkSj lsok 
dj (th,lVh) dks viukuk] dkWiksZjsV vkSj vk;dj njksa esa 
25 ????? 2023
2014 ls ljdkj dh vkfFkZd uhfr dk 
è;ku dkjksckj lqxerk vkSj HkkSfrd 
rFkk fMftVy cqfu;knh <kaps dk 
egRoiw.kZ :i ls foLrkj dj Hkkjr 
dh fodkl {kerk dks cgky djus 
ij jgk gSA bu ç;klksa dk mís'; lexz 
O;kolkf;d ekgkSy esa lqèkkj djuk 
vkSj Hkkjr osQ fofuekZ.k {ks=k dh 
çfrLièkkZRedrk dks etcwr djuk gSA 
lapkyu O;oLFkkvksa vkSj çfØ;kvksa 
dks csgrj cukrs gq, dkjksckj lqxerk 
vkSj thou dh xq.koÙkk esa lqèkkj ykus 
osQ fy, fofoèk vkfFkZd lqèkkj ykxw 
fd, x, gSaA
deh] lkWojsu oSYFk iQaM vkSj isa'ku iQaM dks dj esa NwV] 
ykHkka'k forj.k djksa ls NwV vkSj iwoZO;kih dj dks lekIr 
djus lfgr dj uhfr esa lqèkkj ls O;fDr;ksa vkSj O;olk;ksa 
ij dj dk cks> de gks x;k gSA th,lVh osQ dk;kZUo;u us 
dj vkèkkj dks O;kid cuk;k gS] vuqikyu vko';drkvksa 
dks de fd;k gS] jkT; osQ ckgj eky osQ eqDr çokg dh 
lqfoèkk çnku dh gS vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk dks vkSipkfjd cukus 
esa ;ksxnku fn;k gSA th,lVh O;oLFkk  us igys dh rqyuk esa 
dj laxzg dks csgrj  fd;k gSA th,lVh dk vkSlr ekfld 
ldy laxzg foÙk o"kZ 2018 osQ 0-9 yk[k djksM+ #i;s ls 
c<+dj foÙk o"kZ 2023 esa 1-5 yk[k djksM+ #i;s vkSj foÙk 
o"kZ 2024 dh igyh frekgh esa 1-7 yk[k djksM+ #i;s gks 
x;k gSA th,lVh djnkrkvksa dh la[;k esa Hkh mYys[kuh; 
o`f¼ gqbZ gS] cM+h la[;k esa NksVs O;olk; th,lVh O;oLFkk 
osQ varxZr vk jgs gSaA
yacs le; ls pyh vk jgh cqfu;knh <kaps dh dfe;ksa 
vkSj ykWftfLVd ckèkkvksa dks nwj djus osQ fy, 2014 
osQ ckn ls cM+s iSekus ij lkoZtfud [kpZ Hkh fd;k x;k 
gSA osQUnz ljdkj dk çHkkoh iwathxr O;; 2013&14 esa 
ldy ?kjsyw mRikn osQ 2-8 çfr'kr ls c<+dj 2022&23 
esa 3-8 çfr'kr gks x;k gSA bl fuos'k dk mís'; lM+d 
laidZ (Hkkjrekyk)] canjxkg cqfu;knh <kaps (lkxjekyk)] 
fo|qrhdj.k] jsyos vkSj gokbZ vìksa@gokbZ ekxks± (;wMh,,u) 
tSls {ks=kksa esa dusfDVfoVh esa lqèkkj vkSj cqfu;knh <kaps dk 
vkèkqfudhdj.k djuk gSA jk"Vªh; ykWftfLVDl uhfr 2022 
O;kid ykWftfLVDl ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k dh LFkkiuk djosQ bu 
igyksa esa lg;ksx dj jgh gSA
Hkkjr tSls fo'kky ns'k esa cqfu;knh <kaps esa lqèkkj osQ 
fy, fujarj vkSj nh?kZdkfyd ç;klksa dh vko';drk dks 
igpkurs gq,] ljdkj us jk"Vªh; cqfu;knh <kapk ikbiykbu 
(,uvkbZih) dh LFkkiuk dh gSA bl nwjn'khZ n`f"Vdks.k okyh 
cqfu;knh <kapk  ifj;kstukvksa ij 2024&25 rd ikap o"kks± 
esa yxHkx 111 yk[k djksM+ #i;s dk fuos'k fd;k tk,xkA 
orZeku esa] 108 yk[k djksM+ #i;s ls vfèkd osQ oqQy fuos'k 
osQ lkFk 9]000 ls vfèkd jk"Vªh; cqfu;knh <kapk ikbiykbu 
ifj;kstuk,a fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa dk;kZUo;u osQ fofHkUu pj.kksa 
esa gSaA
blosQ vykok] fuos'k ekgkSy esa lqèkkj osQ fy, fiNys 
ukS o"kks± esa dbZ lqèkkj vkSj  igy dh xbZ gSaA ^vkRefuHkZj 
Hkkjr* vkSj ^esd bu bafM;k* tSls dk;ZØeksa dk mís'; Hkkjr 
dh fofuekZ.k {kerkvksa vkSj fofHkUu m|ksxksa esa fu;kZr dks 
c<+kok nsuk gSA fofuekZ.k {ks=k esa oSf'od pSafi;u osQ :Ik esa 
mHkjus vkSj ?kjsyw rFkk fons'kh fuos'k dks vkdf"kZr djus osQ 
fy, mRiknu ls tqM+s çksRlkgu (ih,yvkbZ) is'k fd, x, 
gSaA futh {ks=k osQ fy, O;kolkf;d volj c<+kus osQ fy, 
j{kk] [kuu vkSj varfj{k lfgr j.kuhfrd {ks=kksa dks [kksy fn;k 
x;k gSA ljdkj us çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k (,iQMhvkbZ) uhfr 
dks vkSj mnkj cuk;k gS] vfèkdka'k {ks=k vc Lopkfyr ekxZ 
osQ rgr 100 izfr'kr izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k osQ fy, [kqys 
gSaA blosQ vykok] lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ m|eksa esa ljdkj dh 
Page 4


23 ????? 2023
jr dh vkfFkZd ;k=kk vkt+knh osQ ckn osQ 
'kq#vkrh o"kks± ls izkjaHk gksrh gS] tc blus 
fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk osQ ekWMy dks viuk;k Fkk] 
ftlesa lektoknh uhfr;ksa dks cktkj vFkZO;oLFkk osQ ?kVdksa 
osQ lkFk tksM+k x;k FkkA blesa lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ m|eksa dh 
LFkkiuk vkSj vk;kr çfrLFkkiu osQ ekè;e ls jk"Vª&fuekZ.k] 
vkS|ksxhdj.k rFkk vkR?efuHkZjrk çkIr djus ij è;ku osQafær 
fd;k x;k FkkA bu uhfr;ksa us gkykafd vkS|ksfxd fodkl 
dh uhao j[kh] ysfdu buls ukSdj'kkgh dh v{kerk,a] lhfer 
çfrLièkkZ vkSj vo#¼ uokpkj tSls vuisf{kr ifj.kke Hkh 
lkeus vk,A
1990 dk n'kd Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk osQ fy, ,d 
egRoiw.kZ eksM+ Fkk (oqQN yksx lksprs gSa fd bldh 'kq#vkr 
vLlh osQ n'kd esa gqbZ)A 1980 osQ n'kd osQ var vkSj 
1990 osQ n'kd dh 'kq#vkr esa ns'k dks O;kid vkfFkZd 
vlarqyu dk lkeuk djuk iM+k] ftlus ljdkj dks 1991 
esa lajpukRed lqèkkj 'kq: djus osQ fy, çsfjr fd;kA osQUnz 
vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa osQ cM+s la;qDr ?kkVs] c<r+h eqækLiQhfr 
dk ncko vkSj pkyw [kkrk ?kkVs us Hkqxrku larqyu ladV dh 
fLFkfr iSnk dj nh FkhA rc fLFkfr ij dkcw ikus osQ fy, 
Hkkjr us vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k vkSj lqèkkjksa dh jkg idM+hA
ljdkj us ykblsal jkt dks [kRe djus] çR;{k fons'kh 
fuos'k dks çksRlkfgr djus vkSj futhdj.k dks c<+kok nsus 
dh uhfr;ka ykxw dhaA çfrLièkkZRedrk cuk, j[kus osQ fy, 
vko';d ewY;ßkl dh vuqefr nsrs gq, fofue; nj dks 
yphyk cuk;k x;kA pkyw [kkrs ij #i;k iw.kZr% vkSj iwath 
[kkrs ij vkaf'kd :i ls ifjorZuh; gks x;kA cktkj&mUeq[k 
vFkZO;oLFkk dh vksj bl cnyko us fodkl osQ jkLrs [kksys] 
m|e'khyrk dks c<+kok fn;k vkSj oSf'od fuos'k dks vkdf"kZr 
fd;kA okLrfod fodkl nj o"kZ 1993 vkSj 2000 osQ chp] 
1980 osQ n'kd dh vkSlru 5-5 çfr'kr ls c<+dj 6-3 
çfr'kr gks xbZA fons'k O;kikj esa mYys[kuh; o`f¼ gqbZ vkSj 
oLrqvksa rFkk lsokvksa dk O;kikj&ls&thMhih vuqikr 1990 
osQ 17-2 çfr'kr ls c<+dj 2000 esa 30-6 çfr'kr gks x;kA
ubZ lglzkCnh esa #d&#d dj gqbZ çxfr osQ ckotwn 
bu lqèkkjksa dks tkjh j[kk x;kA 2000 osQ n'kd dh 'kq#vkr 
esa çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dks vkSj vfèkd mnkj cuk;k x;kA 
1999 dh ubZ nwjlapkj uhfr us Hkkjr esa vkbZVh {ks=k esa rsth 
yk nh] ftlls vU; {ks=kksa dks Hkh cM+k ykHk gqvkA bl vofèk 
osQ nkSjku bu igyksa osQ dk;kZUo;u osQ fy, ,d lefiZr 
ea=kky; dh LFkkiuk osQ lkFk] fofuos'k vkSj futhdj.k 
dh uhfr us xfr idM+hA O;kid vkfFkZd vlarqyu dks nwj 
Hkk
jk"Vªksa dh çxfr esa muosQ fodkl&iFk dks vkdkj nsus esa vFkZO;oLFkk egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk 
fuHkkrh gSA Hkkjr dh vkt+knh osQ 75 lky iwjs gksus ij bldh vFkZO;oLFkk dh ;k=kk 
mu ifjorZuksa] pqukSfr;ksa vkSj voljksa dks n'kkZrh gS tks Hkkjr dh iq"V] xfr'khy vkSj 
çxfr'khy çÑfr dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gaSA le; osQ lkFk] Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk us dbZ 
mrkj&p<+ko ns[ks gaS] ckèkkvksa dks ikj fd;k gS vkSj Lo;a dks nqfu;k dh ikapoha lcls 
cM+h vFkZO;oLFkk osQ :i esa LFkkfir djus osQ fy, voljksa dk ykHk mBk;k gSA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
,sfrgkfld ifjçs{; vkSj  
vkxs dk jkLrk
oh vuar ukxs'oju
Hkkjr ljdkj osQ eq[; vkfFkZd lykgdkjA bZesy% cea@nic.in 
iQksdl
24 ????? 2023
1980 osQ n'kd osQ var vkSj 1990 osQ 
n'kd dh 'kq#vkr esa ns'k dks O;kid 
vkfFkZd vlarqyu dk lkeuk djuk iM+k] 
ftlus ljdkj dks 1991 esa lajpukRed 
lqèkkj 'kq: djus osQ fy, çsfjr fd;kA osQUnz 
vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa osQ cM+s la;qDr ?kkVs] 
c<r+h eqækLiQhfr dk ncko vkSj pkyw [kkrk 
?kkVs us Hkqxrku larqyu ladV dh fLFkfr 
iSnk dj nh FkhA rc fLFkfr ij dkcw ikus 
osQ fy, Hkkjr us vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k vkSj 
lqèkkjksa dh jkg idM+hA
djus osQ fy, lajpukRed uhfr;ka cukbZ xbZaA ljdkj osQ 
,sfrgkfld :i ls mPp la;qDr ldy jktdks"kh; ?kkVs ij 
dkcw ikus osQ fy, jktdks"kh; mÙkjnkf;Ro vkSj ctV çcaèku 
(,iQvkjch,e) vfèkfu;e cuk;k x;k FkkA 1991 osQ lqèkkjksa 
osQ ckn vkfFkZd iqu#RFkku osQ nkSjku tek gq, [kjkc ½.kksa osQ 
cks> ls nch cSafdax ç.kkyh dks C;kt njksa osQ fofu;eu vkSj 
ljiQslh dkuwu 2002 osQ ekè;e ls lgk;rk iznku dh xbZ 
FkhA lajpukRed lqèkkjksa osQ bu o"kks± us Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk 
dh O;kid&vkfFkZd uhao dks etcwr fd;k rkfd vkus okys 
o"kks± esa mPp fodkl nj dks gkfly fd;k tk losQA bldk 
ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd tgka 2003&2008 esa oSf'od fodkl 
nj vkSlru 4-8 çfr'kr Fkh] ogha Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk us 8 
çfr'kr ls vfèkd dh vkSlr fodkl nj gkfly dhA ?kjsyw 
vkfFkZd xfrfofèk;ksa esa fujarj xfr] csgrj dkWiksZjsV çn'kZu] 
fuos'k osQ vuqowQy ekgkSy vkSj vuqowQy oSf'od rjyrk dh 
fLFkfr rFkk C;kt njksa osQ ifj.kkeLo:i 2004 ls 2008 rd 
Hkkjr esa i;kZIr iwath çokg gqvkA ?kjsyw ½.k fo'ks"k :i ls 
cSad ½.k] ldy ?kjsyw mRikn osQ fgLls osQ :i esa nksxquk 
gks x;kA 2022&23 osQ fy, ljdkj osQ vkfFkZd losZ{k.k osQ 
vè;k; 2 esa bldk  fooj.k  fn;k x;k gSA
lglzkCnh osQ igys n'kd esa bl vj{k.kh; ½.k mNky 
us cSadksa dh xSj&fu"ikfnr laifÙk;ksa esa o`f¼ dhA tSls&tSls 
daifu;ksa dk fuos'k de gksrk x;k] cSad ½.k pqdkus dh 
mudh {kerk Hkh de gksrh xbZA blls foÙkh; vkSj xSj&foÙkh; 
{ks=k dh cSysal 'khV dh =kqfV;ksa dks Bhd djus dh yach 
vofèk 'kq: gks xbZ] ftlosQ fy, ljdkj vkSj Hkkjrh; 
fjt+Zo cSad us foÙkh; {ks=k dh lgk;rk osQ fy, dbZ uhfrxr 
mik; fd,A ljiQslh vfèkfu;e 2002 esa la'kksèku] fnokyk 
vkSj ½.k&'kksèku v{kerk lafgrk dk dk;kZUo;u] ^ifjlaifÙk 
xq.koÙkk leh{kk* dh 'kq:vkr] Rofjr lqèkkjkRed dkjZokbZ 
<kaps dks viukuk] lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ cSadksa dk iquiw±thdj.k 
rFkk foy; vkSj vU; mik;ksa us cSadksa vkSj fuxeksa dh cSysal 
'khV osQ eqíksa dks gy djus esa enn dhA
u, tekus osQ lqèkkj
lglzkCnh osQ nwljs n'kd esa cSysal 'khV dks nq#Lr djus ls 
ns'k dh fodkl {kerk vkSj xfr'khyrk ij foijhr vlj iM+kA 
urhtru] 2014 ls ljdkj dh vkfFkZd uhfr dk è;ku dkjksckj 
lqxerk vkSj HkkSfrd rFkk fMftVy cqfu;knh <kaps dk egRoiw.kZ 
:i ls foLrkj dj Hkkjr dh fodkl {kerk dks cgky djus 
ij jgk gSA bu ç;klksa dk mís'; lexz O;kolkf;d ekgkSy esa 
lqèkkj djuk vkSj Hkkjr osQ fofuekZ.k {ks=k dh çfrLièkkZRedrk 
dks etcwr djuk gSA lapkyu O;oLFkkvksa vkSj çfØ;kvksa dks 
csgrj cukrs gq, dkjksckj lqxerk vkSj thou dh xq.koÙkk esa 
lqèkkj ykus osQ fy, fofoèk vkfFkZd lqèkkj ykxw fd, x, gSaA
fnokyk rFkk ½.k 'kksèku v{kerk lafgrk (vkbZchlh) 
vkSj fj;y ,LVsV (fofu;eu vkSj fodkl) vfèkfu;e (jsjk) 
tSls lqèkkjksa osQ ekè;e ls fu;ked <kaps osQ ljyhdj.k us 
dkjksckj lqxerk dks c<+k;k gS vkSj blls fuos'kd Hkkouk 
esa lqèkkj gqvk gSA fnokyk rFkk ½.k 'kksèku v{kerk lafgrk 
vfèkfu;e dh çfØ;kvksa ls cpus osQ fy,] ½.k vnk ugha 
djus osQ ekeyksa essa vnkyr osQ ckgj lsVyesaV dk pyu 
c<+k gSA fj;y ,LVsV (fofu;eu vkSj fodkl) vfèkfu;e 
us fj;y ,LVsV {ks=k dks vkSj vfèkd laxfBr cukdj mlesa 
cnyko yk fn;k gS] ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:i u, ykWUp vkSj 
edkuksa dh fcØh esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
blosQ vfrfjDr] 2014 osQ ckn ls Hkkjr esa djkèkku ra=k 
esa egRoiw.kZ cnyko fd, x, gSaA ,dhÑr oLrq vkSj lsok 
dj (th,lVh) dks viukuk] dkWiksZjsV vkSj vk;dj njksa esa 
25 ????? 2023
2014 ls ljdkj dh vkfFkZd uhfr dk 
è;ku dkjksckj lqxerk vkSj HkkSfrd 
rFkk fMftVy cqfu;knh <kaps dk 
egRoiw.kZ :i ls foLrkj dj Hkkjr 
dh fodkl {kerk dks cgky djus 
ij jgk gSA bu ç;klksa dk mís'; lexz 
O;kolkf;d ekgkSy esa lqèkkj djuk 
vkSj Hkkjr osQ fofuekZ.k {ks=k dh 
çfrLièkkZRedrk dks etcwr djuk gSA 
lapkyu O;oLFkkvksa vkSj çfØ;kvksa 
dks csgrj cukrs gq, dkjksckj lqxerk 
vkSj thou dh xq.koÙkk esa lqèkkj ykus 
osQ fy, fofoèk vkfFkZd lqèkkj ykxw 
fd, x, gSaA
deh] lkWojsu oSYFk iQaM vkSj isa'ku iQaM dks dj esa NwV] 
ykHkka'k forj.k djksa ls NwV vkSj iwoZO;kih dj dks lekIr 
djus lfgr dj uhfr esa lqèkkj ls O;fDr;ksa vkSj O;olk;ksa 
ij dj dk cks> de gks x;k gSA th,lVh osQ dk;kZUo;u us 
dj vkèkkj dks O;kid cuk;k gS] vuqikyu vko';drkvksa 
dks de fd;k gS] jkT; osQ ckgj eky osQ eqDr çokg dh 
lqfoèkk çnku dh gS vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk dks vkSipkfjd cukus 
esa ;ksxnku fn;k gSA th,lVh O;oLFkk  us igys dh rqyuk esa 
dj laxzg dks csgrj  fd;k gSA th,lVh dk vkSlr ekfld 
ldy laxzg foÙk o"kZ 2018 osQ 0-9 yk[k djksM+ #i;s ls 
c<+dj foÙk o"kZ 2023 esa 1-5 yk[k djksM+ #i;s vkSj foÙk 
o"kZ 2024 dh igyh frekgh esa 1-7 yk[k djksM+ #i;s gks 
x;k gSA th,lVh djnkrkvksa dh la[;k esa Hkh mYys[kuh; 
o`f¼ gqbZ gS] cM+h la[;k esa NksVs O;olk; th,lVh O;oLFkk 
osQ varxZr vk jgs gSaA
yacs le; ls pyh vk jgh cqfu;knh <kaps dh dfe;ksa 
vkSj ykWftfLVd ckèkkvksa dks nwj djus osQ fy, 2014 
osQ ckn ls cM+s iSekus ij lkoZtfud [kpZ Hkh fd;k x;k 
gSA osQUnz ljdkj dk çHkkoh iwathxr O;; 2013&14 esa 
ldy ?kjsyw mRikn osQ 2-8 çfr'kr ls c<+dj 2022&23 
esa 3-8 çfr'kr gks x;k gSA bl fuos'k dk mís'; lM+d 
laidZ (Hkkjrekyk)] canjxkg cqfu;knh <kaps (lkxjekyk)] 
fo|qrhdj.k] jsyos vkSj gokbZ vìksa@gokbZ ekxks± (;wMh,,u) 
tSls {ks=kksa esa dusfDVfoVh esa lqèkkj vkSj cqfu;knh <kaps dk 
vkèkqfudhdj.k djuk gSA jk"Vªh; ykWftfLVDl uhfr 2022 
O;kid ykWftfLVDl ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k dh LFkkiuk djosQ bu 
igyksa esa lg;ksx dj jgh gSA
Hkkjr tSls fo'kky ns'k esa cqfu;knh <kaps esa lqèkkj osQ 
fy, fujarj vkSj nh?kZdkfyd ç;klksa dh vko';drk dks 
igpkurs gq,] ljdkj us jk"Vªh; cqfu;knh <kapk ikbiykbu 
(,uvkbZih) dh LFkkiuk dh gSA bl nwjn'khZ n`f"Vdks.k okyh 
cqfu;knh <kapk  ifj;kstukvksa ij 2024&25 rd ikap o"kks± 
esa yxHkx 111 yk[k djksM+ #i;s dk fuos'k fd;k tk,xkA 
orZeku esa] 108 yk[k djksM+ #i;s ls vfèkd osQ oqQy fuos'k 
osQ lkFk 9]000 ls vfèkd jk"Vªh; cqfu;knh <kapk ikbiykbu 
ifj;kstuk,a fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa dk;kZUo;u osQ fofHkUu pj.kksa 
esa gSaA
blosQ vykok] fuos'k ekgkSy esa lqèkkj osQ fy, fiNys 
ukS o"kks± esa dbZ lqèkkj vkSj  igy dh xbZ gSaA ^vkRefuHkZj 
Hkkjr* vkSj ^esd bu bafM;k* tSls dk;ZØeksa dk mís'; Hkkjr 
dh fofuekZ.k {kerkvksa vkSj fofHkUu m|ksxksa esa fu;kZr dks 
c<+kok nsuk gSA fofuekZ.k {ks=k esa oSf'od pSafi;u osQ :Ik esa 
mHkjus vkSj ?kjsyw rFkk fons'kh fuos'k dks vkdf"kZr djus osQ 
fy, mRiknu ls tqM+s çksRlkgu (ih,yvkbZ) is'k fd, x, 
gSaA futh {ks=k osQ fy, O;kolkf;d volj c<+kus osQ fy, 
j{kk] [kuu vkSj varfj{k lfgr j.kuhfrd {ks=kksa dks [kksy fn;k 
x;k gSA ljdkj us çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k (,iQMhvkbZ) uhfr 
dks vkSj mnkj cuk;k gS] vfèkdka'k {ks=k vc Lopkfyr ekxZ 
osQ rgr 100 izfr'kr izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k osQ fy, [kqys 
gSaA blosQ vykok] lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ m|eksa esa ljdkj dh 
26 ????? 2023
mifLFkfr dks osQoy oqQN j.kuhfrd 
{ks=kksa rd lhfer djus osQ fy, ubZ 
lkoZtfud {ks=k m|e uhfr ykxw dh 
xbZ gSA
uhfrxr vfuf'prrkvksa dks 
de djus osQ fy, Hkh egRoiw.kZ 
lqèkkj fd, x, gSaA daiuh vfèkfu;e 
2013 osQ rgr NksVs vkfFkZd 
vijkèkksa dks vijkèk dh Js.kh ls 
ckgj djus ls dkjksckj lqxerk esa 
dkiQh lqèkkj gqvk gSA bl lqèkkj osQ  
ifj.kkeLo:i] 1]400 ls vfèkd 
fMiQkWYV ekeyksa dks vnkyrh 
dk;Zokgh dk lgkjk fy, fcuk gy 
fd;k x;k gS] vkSj 4]00]000 ls 
vfèkd daifu;ksa us naM ls cpus 
osQ fy, LosPNk ls fiNys fMiQkWYV 
dks Bhd fd;k gSA blosQ vfrfjDr] 
fiNys ukS o"kks± esa yxHkx 25]000 
vuko';d vuqikyuksa dks lekIr 
dj fn;k x;k gS] vkSj 1]400 ls 
vfèkd iqjkus dkuwuksa dks fujLr dj 
fn;k x;k gSA
fujarj lqèkkjksa us NksVs O;olk;ksa dks egkekjh osQ çHkko 
ls mcjus esa Hkh lgk;rk dh gS vkSj muosQ fodkl dks 
lqfoèkktud cuk;k gSA vkikrdkyhu ØsfMV ykbu xkjaVh 
;kstuk (bZlh,yth,l)] vkRefuHkZj Hkkjr osQ nk;js esa 
,e,l,ebZ dh ifjHkk"kk esa la'kksèku] ,e,l,ebZ osQ fy, 
foyafcr Hkqxrku dks lacksfèkr djus osQ fy, VhvkjbZMh,l 
dh 'kq:vkr] [kqnjk vkSj Fkksd O;kikj dks ,e,l,ebZ osQ 
:i esa 'kkfey djus vkSj ,e,l,ebZ dh fLFkfr esa lqèkkj 
dh fLFkfr esa rhu lky osQ fy, xSj&dj ykHkksa osQ foLrkj 
tSlh igy us bl {ks=k esa cnyko ykus esa ;ksxnku fn;k gSA
bu lqèkkjksa osQ nkSjku çkS|ksfxdh vkSj fMftVy IysViQkWeZ 
dks ,dhÑr djuk ,d lkekU; fo"k; jgk gSA vè;;uksa ls 
irk pyk gS fd Hkkjr dh dksj fMftVy vFkZO;oLFkk 2014 
vkSj 2019 osQ chp lexz vkfFkZd fodkl dh rqyuk esa 2-4 
xquk c<+h gSA bl fMftVhdj.k dk vFkZO;oLFkk ij egRoiw.kZ 
ldkjkRed çHkko iM+k gS vkSj mPp foÙkh; lekos'ku] vfèkd 
fu;efu"B tSls fofHkUu ekè;eksa ls fodkl dh bldh {kerk 
etcwr gqbZ gS rFkk dk;ZoqQ'kyrk esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
fMftVy cqfu;knh <kaps us fMftVy igpku osQ fuekZ.k] 
foÙk vkSj cktkjksa rd csgrj igqap] ysunsu ykxr esa deh 
vkSj dj laxzg esa o`f¼ dh lqfoèkk 
çnku dh gSA gkfy;k fMftVy igy] 
tSls vksiu usVodZ iQkWj fMftVy 
dkWelZ (vks,uMhlh) vkSj vdkmaV 
,xzhxsVj izsQeodZ] vkfFkZd fodkl 
dks c<+kus esa l{ke gSaA vks,uMhlh 
bZ&dkWelZ] O;olk;ksa osQ fy, vfèkd 
cktkj igqap çnku djsxk] ftlls 
fodkl vkSj foLrkj osQ u, volj 
[kqysaxsA vdkmaV ,xzhxsVj <kapk NksVs 
O;olk;ksa osQ fy, vfèkd lqyHk ½.k 
dks Hkh l{ke cuk,xk] ftlls fodkl 
vkSj lexz vkfFkZd fodkl dks c<+kok 
feysxkA
vkxs c<+us dk jkLrk
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa fd, x, 
u, ;qx osQ lqèkkj ve`r dky osQ 
nkSjku blosQ fodkl dh uhao j[krs gSaA 
fiNys oqQN o"kks± esa fodflr etcwr 
foÙkh; {ks=k oqQ'ky ½.k çkoèkku 
lqfuf'pr djsxk] tks vkus okys o"kks± 
esa vfèkd fuos'k vkSj [kir osQ 
ekè;e ls xfr'khy vkfFkZd fodkl 
esa ;ksxnku nsxkA iqu% LFkkfir ½.k pØ vkSj lkoZtfud {ks=k 
osQ iwathxr O;; esa o`f¼ Hkkjrh; futh {ks=k osQ iwathxr O;; 
pØ dks fiQj ls thoar dj nsxhA fMftVhdj.k lqèkkj vkSj 
vfèkd fu;efu"Brk] mPp foÙkh; lekos'ku vkSj vfèkd 
vkfFkZd voljksa osQ lanHkZ esa ifj.kkeh n{krk ykHk] Hkkjr 
osQ vkfFkZd fodkl osQ vko';d okgd gksaxsA mPp&Lrjh; 
fofuekZ.k vkSj eè;e vofèk esa ewY;ofèkZr lsokvksa osQ rhoz 
fodkl osQ fy, O;kid ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k lqfuf'pr djus 
osQ fy, fMftVy cqfu;knh <kaps osQ foLrkj esa fujarj xfr] 
lkoZtfud vkSj futh nksuksa {ks=kksa esa vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl esa 
egRoiw.kZ o`f¼ vkSj oqQ'ky dk;Zcy dh mPp miyCèkrk dh 
vko';drk gksxhA 
tyok;q ifjorZu ls izsfjr ÅtkZ cnyko vkSj Ñf=ke esèkk 
tSls rduhdh fodkl dh jktuhfrd rFkk vkfFkZd j.kuhfrd 
pqukSfr;ksa  vkSj Hkkjr dh tulkaf[;dh; çksiQkby dks è;ku 
esa j[krs gq, çklafxd rFkk mfpr vkfFkZd lqèkkj] 2047 rd 
ns'k osQ fy, mTToy vkSj larqfyr fodkl dh laHkkoukvkas 
dk ekxZ ç'kLr djsaxsA bl n`f"Vdks.k osQ ekè;e ls] Hkkjr 
Hkfo"; esa fVdkÅ vkSj lekos'kh vkfFkZd fodkl dh :ijs[kk 
rS;kj dj ldrk gSA                             ?
tyok;q ifjorZu ls izsfjr 
ÅtkZ cnyko vkSj Ñf=ke 
esèkk tSls rduhdh fodkl 
dh jktuhfrd rFkk vkfFkZd 
j.kuhfrd pqukSfr;ksa  vkSj 
Hkkjr dh tulkaf[;dh; 
çksiQkby dks è;ku esa j[krs 
gq, çklafxd rFkk mfpr 
vkfFkZd lqèkkj] 2047 
rd ns'k osQ fy, mTToy 
vkSj larqfyr fodkl dh 
laHkkoukvkas dk ekxZ ç'kLr 
djsaxsA bl n`f"Vdks.k osQ 
ekè;e ls] Hkkjr Hkfo"; 
esa fVdkÅ vkSj lekos'kh 
vkfFkZd fodkl dh :ijs[kk 
rS;kj dj ldrk gSA
Page 5


23 ????? 2023
jr dh vkfFkZd ;k=kk vkt+knh osQ ckn osQ 
'kq#vkrh o"kks± ls izkjaHk gksrh gS] tc blus 
fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk osQ ekWMy dks viuk;k Fkk] 
ftlesa lektoknh uhfr;ksa dks cktkj vFkZO;oLFkk osQ ?kVdksa 
osQ lkFk tksM+k x;k FkkA blesa lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ m|eksa dh 
LFkkiuk vkSj vk;kr çfrLFkkiu osQ ekè;e ls jk"Vª&fuekZ.k] 
vkS|ksxhdj.k rFkk vkR?efuHkZjrk çkIr djus ij è;ku osQafær 
fd;k x;k FkkA bu uhfr;ksa us gkykafd vkS|ksfxd fodkl 
dh uhao j[kh] ysfdu buls ukSdj'kkgh dh v{kerk,a] lhfer 
çfrLièkkZ vkSj vo#¼ uokpkj tSls vuisf{kr ifj.kke Hkh 
lkeus vk,A
1990 dk n'kd Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk osQ fy, ,d 
egRoiw.kZ eksM+ Fkk (oqQN yksx lksprs gSa fd bldh 'kq#vkr 
vLlh osQ n'kd esa gqbZ)A 1980 osQ n'kd osQ var vkSj 
1990 osQ n'kd dh 'kq#vkr esa ns'k dks O;kid vkfFkZd 
vlarqyu dk lkeuk djuk iM+k] ftlus ljdkj dks 1991 
esa lajpukRed lqèkkj 'kq: djus osQ fy, çsfjr fd;kA osQUnz 
vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa osQ cM+s la;qDr ?kkVs] c<r+h eqækLiQhfr 
dk ncko vkSj pkyw [kkrk ?kkVs us Hkqxrku larqyu ladV dh 
fLFkfr iSnk dj nh FkhA rc fLFkfr ij dkcw ikus osQ fy, 
Hkkjr us vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k vkSj lqèkkjksa dh jkg idM+hA
ljdkj us ykblsal jkt dks [kRe djus] çR;{k fons'kh 
fuos'k dks çksRlkfgr djus vkSj futhdj.k dks c<+kok nsus 
dh uhfr;ka ykxw dhaA çfrLièkkZRedrk cuk, j[kus osQ fy, 
vko';d ewY;ßkl dh vuqefr nsrs gq, fofue; nj dks 
yphyk cuk;k x;kA pkyw [kkrs ij #i;k iw.kZr% vkSj iwath 
[kkrs ij vkaf'kd :i ls ifjorZuh; gks x;kA cktkj&mUeq[k 
vFkZO;oLFkk dh vksj bl cnyko us fodkl osQ jkLrs [kksys] 
m|e'khyrk dks c<+kok fn;k vkSj oSf'od fuos'k dks vkdf"kZr 
fd;kA okLrfod fodkl nj o"kZ 1993 vkSj 2000 osQ chp] 
1980 osQ n'kd dh vkSlru 5-5 çfr'kr ls c<+dj 6-3 
çfr'kr gks xbZA fons'k O;kikj esa mYys[kuh; o`f¼ gqbZ vkSj 
oLrqvksa rFkk lsokvksa dk O;kikj&ls&thMhih vuqikr 1990 
osQ 17-2 çfr'kr ls c<+dj 2000 esa 30-6 çfr'kr gks x;kA
ubZ lglzkCnh esa #d&#d dj gqbZ çxfr osQ ckotwn 
bu lqèkkjksa dks tkjh j[kk x;kA 2000 osQ n'kd dh 'kq#vkr 
esa çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dks vkSj vfèkd mnkj cuk;k x;kA 
1999 dh ubZ nwjlapkj uhfr us Hkkjr esa vkbZVh {ks=k esa rsth 
yk nh] ftlls vU; {ks=kksa dks Hkh cM+k ykHk gqvkA bl vofèk 
osQ nkSjku bu igyksa osQ dk;kZUo;u osQ fy, ,d lefiZr 
ea=kky; dh LFkkiuk osQ lkFk] fofuos'k vkSj futhdj.k 
dh uhfr us xfr idM+hA O;kid vkfFkZd vlarqyu dks nwj 
Hkk
jk"Vªksa dh çxfr esa muosQ fodkl&iFk dks vkdkj nsus esa vFkZO;oLFkk egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk 
fuHkkrh gSA Hkkjr dh vkt+knh osQ 75 lky iwjs gksus ij bldh vFkZO;oLFkk dh ;k=kk 
mu ifjorZuksa] pqukSfr;ksa vkSj voljksa dks n'kkZrh gS tks Hkkjr dh iq"V] xfr'khy vkSj 
çxfr'khy çÑfr dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gaSA le; osQ lkFk] Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk us dbZ 
mrkj&p<+ko ns[ks gaS] ckèkkvksa dks ikj fd;k gS vkSj Lo;a dks nqfu;k dh ikapoha lcls 
cM+h vFkZO;oLFkk osQ :i esa LFkkfir djus osQ fy, voljksa dk ykHk mBk;k gSA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
,sfrgkfld ifjçs{; vkSj  
vkxs dk jkLrk
oh vuar ukxs'oju
Hkkjr ljdkj osQ eq[; vkfFkZd lykgdkjA bZesy% cea@nic.in 
iQksdl
24 ????? 2023
1980 osQ n'kd osQ var vkSj 1990 osQ 
n'kd dh 'kq#vkr esa ns'k dks O;kid 
vkfFkZd vlarqyu dk lkeuk djuk iM+k] 
ftlus ljdkj dks 1991 esa lajpukRed 
lqèkkj 'kq: djus osQ fy, çsfjr fd;kA osQUnz 
vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa osQ cM+s la;qDr ?kkVs] 
c<r+h eqækLiQhfr dk ncko vkSj pkyw [kkrk 
?kkVs us Hkqxrku larqyu ladV dh fLFkfr 
iSnk dj nh FkhA rc fLFkfr ij dkcw ikus 
osQ fy, Hkkjr us vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k vkSj 
lqèkkjksa dh jkg idM+hA
djus osQ fy, lajpukRed uhfr;ka cukbZ xbZaA ljdkj osQ 
,sfrgkfld :i ls mPp la;qDr ldy jktdks"kh; ?kkVs ij 
dkcw ikus osQ fy, jktdks"kh; mÙkjnkf;Ro vkSj ctV çcaèku 
(,iQvkjch,e) vfèkfu;e cuk;k x;k FkkA 1991 osQ lqèkkjksa 
osQ ckn vkfFkZd iqu#RFkku osQ nkSjku tek gq, [kjkc ½.kksa osQ 
cks> ls nch cSafdax ç.kkyh dks C;kt njksa osQ fofu;eu vkSj 
ljiQslh dkuwu 2002 osQ ekè;e ls lgk;rk iznku dh xbZ 
FkhA lajpukRed lqèkkjksa osQ bu o"kks± us Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk 
dh O;kid&vkfFkZd uhao dks etcwr fd;k rkfd vkus okys 
o"kks± esa mPp fodkl nj dks gkfly fd;k tk losQA bldk 
ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd tgka 2003&2008 esa oSf'od fodkl 
nj vkSlru 4-8 çfr'kr Fkh] ogha Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk us 8 
çfr'kr ls vfèkd dh vkSlr fodkl nj gkfly dhA ?kjsyw 
vkfFkZd xfrfofèk;ksa esa fujarj xfr] csgrj dkWiksZjsV çn'kZu] 
fuos'k osQ vuqowQy ekgkSy vkSj vuqowQy oSf'od rjyrk dh 
fLFkfr rFkk C;kt njksa osQ ifj.kkeLo:i 2004 ls 2008 rd 
Hkkjr esa i;kZIr iwath çokg gqvkA ?kjsyw ½.k fo'ks"k :i ls 
cSad ½.k] ldy ?kjsyw mRikn osQ fgLls osQ :i esa nksxquk 
gks x;kA 2022&23 osQ fy, ljdkj osQ vkfFkZd losZ{k.k osQ 
vè;k; 2 esa bldk  fooj.k  fn;k x;k gSA
lglzkCnh osQ igys n'kd esa bl vj{k.kh; ½.k mNky 
us cSadksa dh xSj&fu"ikfnr laifÙk;ksa esa o`f¼ dhA tSls&tSls 
daifu;ksa dk fuos'k de gksrk x;k] cSad ½.k pqdkus dh 
mudh {kerk Hkh de gksrh xbZA blls foÙkh; vkSj xSj&foÙkh; 
{ks=k dh cSysal 'khV dh =kqfV;ksa dks Bhd djus dh yach 
vofèk 'kq: gks xbZ] ftlosQ fy, ljdkj vkSj Hkkjrh; 
fjt+Zo cSad us foÙkh; {ks=k dh lgk;rk osQ fy, dbZ uhfrxr 
mik; fd,A ljiQslh vfèkfu;e 2002 esa la'kksèku] fnokyk 
vkSj ½.k&'kksèku v{kerk lafgrk dk dk;kZUo;u] ^ifjlaifÙk 
xq.koÙkk leh{kk* dh 'kq:vkr] Rofjr lqèkkjkRed dkjZokbZ 
<kaps dks viukuk] lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ cSadksa dk iquiw±thdj.k 
rFkk foy; vkSj vU; mik;ksa us cSadksa vkSj fuxeksa dh cSysal 
'khV osQ eqíksa dks gy djus esa enn dhA
u, tekus osQ lqèkkj
lglzkCnh osQ nwljs n'kd esa cSysal 'khV dks nq#Lr djus ls 
ns'k dh fodkl {kerk vkSj xfr'khyrk ij foijhr vlj iM+kA 
urhtru] 2014 ls ljdkj dh vkfFkZd uhfr dk è;ku dkjksckj 
lqxerk vkSj HkkSfrd rFkk fMftVy cqfu;knh <kaps dk egRoiw.kZ 
:i ls foLrkj dj Hkkjr dh fodkl {kerk dks cgky djus 
ij jgk gSA bu ç;klksa dk mís'; lexz O;kolkf;d ekgkSy esa 
lqèkkj djuk vkSj Hkkjr osQ fofuekZ.k {ks=k dh çfrLièkkZRedrk 
dks etcwr djuk gSA lapkyu O;oLFkkvksa vkSj çfØ;kvksa dks 
csgrj cukrs gq, dkjksckj lqxerk vkSj thou dh xq.koÙkk esa 
lqèkkj ykus osQ fy, fofoèk vkfFkZd lqèkkj ykxw fd, x, gSaA
fnokyk rFkk ½.k 'kksèku v{kerk lafgrk (vkbZchlh) 
vkSj fj;y ,LVsV (fofu;eu vkSj fodkl) vfèkfu;e (jsjk) 
tSls lqèkkjksa osQ ekè;e ls fu;ked <kaps osQ ljyhdj.k us 
dkjksckj lqxerk dks c<+k;k gS vkSj blls fuos'kd Hkkouk 
esa lqèkkj gqvk gSA fnokyk rFkk ½.k 'kksèku v{kerk lafgrk 
vfèkfu;e dh çfØ;kvksa ls cpus osQ fy,] ½.k vnk ugha 
djus osQ ekeyksa essa vnkyr osQ ckgj lsVyesaV dk pyu 
c<+k gSA fj;y ,LVsV (fofu;eu vkSj fodkl) vfèkfu;e 
us fj;y ,LVsV {ks=k dks vkSj vfèkd laxfBr cukdj mlesa 
cnyko yk fn;k gS] ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:i u, ykWUp vkSj 
edkuksa dh fcØh esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
blosQ vfrfjDr] 2014 osQ ckn ls Hkkjr esa djkèkku ra=k 
esa egRoiw.kZ cnyko fd, x, gSaA ,dhÑr oLrq vkSj lsok 
dj (th,lVh) dks viukuk] dkWiksZjsV vkSj vk;dj njksa esa 
25 ????? 2023
2014 ls ljdkj dh vkfFkZd uhfr dk 
è;ku dkjksckj lqxerk vkSj HkkSfrd 
rFkk fMftVy cqfu;knh <kaps dk 
egRoiw.kZ :i ls foLrkj dj Hkkjr 
dh fodkl {kerk dks cgky djus 
ij jgk gSA bu ç;klksa dk mís'; lexz 
O;kolkf;d ekgkSy esa lqèkkj djuk 
vkSj Hkkjr osQ fofuekZ.k {ks=k dh 
çfrLièkkZRedrk dks etcwr djuk gSA 
lapkyu O;oLFkkvksa vkSj çfØ;kvksa 
dks csgrj cukrs gq, dkjksckj lqxerk 
vkSj thou dh xq.koÙkk esa lqèkkj ykus 
osQ fy, fofoèk vkfFkZd lqèkkj ykxw 
fd, x, gSaA
deh] lkWojsu oSYFk iQaM vkSj isa'ku iQaM dks dj esa NwV] 
ykHkka'k forj.k djksa ls NwV vkSj iwoZO;kih dj dks lekIr 
djus lfgr dj uhfr esa lqèkkj ls O;fDr;ksa vkSj O;olk;ksa 
ij dj dk cks> de gks x;k gSA th,lVh osQ dk;kZUo;u us 
dj vkèkkj dks O;kid cuk;k gS] vuqikyu vko';drkvksa 
dks de fd;k gS] jkT; osQ ckgj eky osQ eqDr çokg dh 
lqfoèkk çnku dh gS vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk dks vkSipkfjd cukus 
esa ;ksxnku fn;k gSA th,lVh O;oLFkk  us igys dh rqyuk esa 
dj laxzg dks csgrj  fd;k gSA th,lVh dk vkSlr ekfld 
ldy laxzg foÙk o"kZ 2018 osQ 0-9 yk[k djksM+ #i;s ls 
c<+dj foÙk o"kZ 2023 esa 1-5 yk[k djksM+ #i;s vkSj foÙk 
o"kZ 2024 dh igyh frekgh esa 1-7 yk[k djksM+ #i;s gks 
x;k gSA th,lVh djnkrkvksa dh la[;k esa Hkh mYys[kuh; 
o`f¼ gqbZ gS] cM+h la[;k esa NksVs O;olk; th,lVh O;oLFkk 
osQ varxZr vk jgs gSaA
yacs le; ls pyh vk jgh cqfu;knh <kaps dh dfe;ksa 
vkSj ykWftfLVd ckèkkvksa dks nwj djus osQ fy, 2014 
osQ ckn ls cM+s iSekus ij lkoZtfud [kpZ Hkh fd;k x;k 
gSA osQUnz ljdkj dk çHkkoh iwathxr O;; 2013&14 esa 
ldy ?kjsyw mRikn osQ 2-8 çfr'kr ls c<+dj 2022&23 
esa 3-8 çfr'kr gks x;k gSA bl fuos'k dk mís'; lM+d 
laidZ (Hkkjrekyk)] canjxkg cqfu;knh <kaps (lkxjekyk)] 
fo|qrhdj.k] jsyos vkSj gokbZ vìksa@gokbZ ekxks± (;wMh,,u) 
tSls {ks=kksa esa dusfDVfoVh esa lqèkkj vkSj cqfu;knh <kaps dk 
vkèkqfudhdj.k djuk gSA jk"Vªh; ykWftfLVDl uhfr 2022 
O;kid ykWftfLVDl ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k dh LFkkiuk djosQ bu 
igyksa esa lg;ksx dj jgh gSA
Hkkjr tSls fo'kky ns'k esa cqfu;knh <kaps esa lqèkkj osQ 
fy, fujarj vkSj nh?kZdkfyd ç;klksa dh vko';drk dks 
igpkurs gq,] ljdkj us jk"Vªh; cqfu;knh <kapk ikbiykbu 
(,uvkbZih) dh LFkkiuk dh gSA bl nwjn'khZ n`f"Vdks.k okyh 
cqfu;knh <kapk  ifj;kstukvksa ij 2024&25 rd ikap o"kks± 
esa yxHkx 111 yk[k djksM+ #i;s dk fuos'k fd;k tk,xkA 
orZeku esa] 108 yk[k djksM+ #i;s ls vfèkd osQ oqQy fuos'k 
osQ lkFk 9]000 ls vfèkd jk"Vªh; cqfu;knh <kapk ikbiykbu 
ifj;kstuk,a fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa dk;kZUo;u osQ fofHkUu pj.kksa 
esa gSaA
blosQ vykok] fuos'k ekgkSy esa lqèkkj osQ fy, fiNys 
ukS o"kks± esa dbZ lqèkkj vkSj  igy dh xbZ gSaA ^vkRefuHkZj 
Hkkjr* vkSj ^esd bu bafM;k* tSls dk;ZØeksa dk mís'; Hkkjr 
dh fofuekZ.k {kerkvksa vkSj fofHkUu m|ksxksa esa fu;kZr dks 
c<+kok nsuk gSA fofuekZ.k {ks=k esa oSf'od pSafi;u osQ :Ik esa 
mHkjus vkSj ?kjsyw rFkk fons'kh fuos'k dks vkdf"kZr djus osQ 
fy, mRiknu ls tqM+s çksRlkgu (ih,yvkbZ) is'k fd, x, 
gSaA futh {ks=k osQ fy, O;kolkf;d volj c<+kus osQ fy, 
j{kk] [kuu vkSj varfj{k lfgr j.kuhfrd {ks=kksa dks [kksy fn;k 
x;k gSA ljdkj us çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k (,iQMhvkbZ) uhfr 
dks vkSj mnkj cuk;k gS] vfèkdka'k {ks=k vc Lopkfyr ekxZ 
osQ rgr 100 izfr'kr izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k osQ fy, [kqys 
gSaA blosQ vykok] lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ m|eksa esa ljdkj dh 
26 ????? 2023
mifLFkfr dks osQoy oqQN j.kuhfrd 
{ks=kksa rd lhfer djus osQ fy, ubZ 
lkoZtfud {ks=k m|e uhfr ykxw dh 
xbZ gSA
uhfrxr vfuf'prrkvksa dks 
de djus osQ fy, Hkh egRoiw.kZ 
lqèkkj fd, x, gSaA daiuh vfèkfu;e 
2013 osQ rgr NksVs vkfFkZd 
vijkèkksa dks vijkèk dh Js.kh ls 
ckgj djus ls dkjksckj lqxerk esa 
dkiQh lqèkkj gqvk gSA bl lqèkkj osQ  
ifj.kkeLo:i] 1]400 ls vfèkd 
fMiQkWYV ekeyksa dks vnkyrh 
dk;Zokgh dk lgkjk fy, fcuk gy 
fd;k x;k gS] vkSj 4]00]000 ls 
vfèkd daifu;ksa us naM ls cpus 
osQ fy, LosPNk ls fiNys fMiQkWYV 
dks Bhd fd;k gSA blosQ vfrfjDr] 
fiNys ukS o"kks± esa yxHkx 25]000 
vuko';d vuqikyuksa dks lekIr 
dj fn;k x;k gS] vkSj 1]400 ls 
vfèkd iqjkus dkuwuksa dks fujLr dj 
fn;k x;k gSA
fujarj lqèkkjksa us NksVs O;olk;ksa dks egkekjh osQ çHkko 
ls mcjus esa Hkh lgk;rk dh gS vkSj muosQ fodkl dks 
lqfoèkktud cuk;k gSA vkikrdkyhu ØsfMV ykbu xkjaVh 
;kstuk (bZlh,yth,l)] vkRefuHkZj Hkkjr osQ nk;js esa 
,e,l,ebZ dh ifjHkk"kk esa la'kksèku] ,e,l,ebZ osQ fy, 
foyafcr Hkqxrku dks lacksfèkr djus osQ fy, VhvkjbZMh,l 
dh 'kq:vkr] [kqnjk vkSj Fkksd O;kikj dks ,e,l,ebZ osQ 
:i esa 'kkfey djus vkSj ,e,l,ebZ dh fLFkfr esa lqèkkj 
dh fLFkfr esa rhu lky osQ fy, xSj&dj ykHkksa osQ foLrkj 
tSlh igy us bl {ks=k esa cnyko ykus esa ;ksxnku fn;k gSA
bu lqèkkjksa osQ nkSjku çkS|ksfxdh vkSj fMftVy IysViQkWeZ 
dks ,dhÑr djuk ,d lkekU; fo"k; jgk gSA vè;;uksa ls 
irk pyk gS fd Hkkjr dh dksj fMftVy vFkZO;oLFkk 2014 
vkSj 2019 osQ chp lexz vkfFkZd fodkl dh rqyuk esa 2-4 
xquk c<+h gSA bl fMftVhdj.k dk vFkZO;oLFkk ij egRoiw.kZ 
ldkjkRed çHkko iM+k gS vkSj mPp foÙkh; lekos'ku] vfèkd 
fu;efu"B tSls fofHkUu ekè;eksa ls fodkl dh bldh {kerk 
etcwr gqbZ gS rFkk dk;ZoqQ'kyrk esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
fMftVy cqfu;knh <kaps us fMftVy igpku osQ fuekZ.k] 
foÙk vkSj cktkjksa rd csgrj igqap] ysunsu ykxr esa deh 
vkSj dj laxzg esa o`f¼ dh lqfoèkk 
çnku dh gSA gkfy;k fMftVy igy] 
tSls vksiu usVodZ iQkWj fMftVy 
dkWelZ (vks,uMhlh) vkSj vdkmaV 
,xzhxsVj izsQeodZ] vkfFkZd fodkl 
dks c<+kus esa l{ke gSaA vks,uMhlh 
bZ&dkWelZ] O;olk;ksa osQ fy, vfèkd 
cktkj igqap çnku djsxk] ftlls 
fodkl vkSj foLrkj osQ u, volj 
[kqysaxsA vdkmaV ,xzhxsVj <kapk NksVs 
O;olk;ksa osQ fy, vfèkd lqyHk ½.k 
dks Hkh l{ke cuk,xk] ftlls fodkl 
vkSj lexz vkfFkZd fodkl dks c<+kok 
feysxkA
vkxs c<+us dk jkLrk
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa fd, x, 
u, ;qx osQ lqèkkj ve`r dky osQ 
nkSjku blosQ fodkl dh uhao j[krs gSaA 
fiNys oqQN o"kks± esa fodflr etcwr 
foÙkh; {ks=k oqQ'ky ½.k çkoèkku 
lqfuf'pr djsxk] tks vkus okys o"kks± 
esa vfèkd fuos'k vkSj [kir osQ 
ekè;e ls xfr'khy vkfFkZd fodkl 
esa ;ksxnku nsxkA iqu% LFkkfir ½.k pØ vkSj lkoZtfud {ks=k 
osQ iwathxr O;; esa o`f¼ Hkkjrh; futh {ks=k osQ iwathxr O;; 
pØ dks fiQj ls thoar dj nsxhA fMftVhdj.k lqèkkj vkSj 
vfèkd fu;efu"Brk] mPp foÙkh; lekos'ku vkSj vfèkd 
vkfFkZd voljksa osQ lanHkZ esa ifj.kkeh n{krk ykHk] Hkkjr 
osQ vkfFkZd fodkl osQ vko';d okgd gksaxsA mPp&Lrjh; 
fofuekZ.k vkSj eè;e vofèk esa ewY;ofèkZr lsokvksa osQ rhoz 
fodkl osQ fy, O;kid ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k lqfuf'pr djus 
osQ fy, fMftVy cqfu;knh <kaps osQ foLrkj esa fujarj xfr] 
lkoZtfud vkSj futh nksuksa {ks=kksa esa vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl esa 
egRoiw.kZ o`f¼ vkSj oqQ'ky dk;Zcy dh mPp miyCèkrk dh 
vko';drk gksxhA 
tyok;q ifjorZu ls izsfjr ÅtkZ cnyko vkSj Ñf=ke esèkk 
tSls rduhdh fodkl dh jktuhfrd rFkk vkfFkZd j.kuhfrd 
pqukSfr;ksa  vkSj Hkkjr dh tulkaf[;dh; çksiQkby dks è;ku 
esa j[krs gq, çklafxd rFkk mfpr vkfFkZd lqèkkj] 2047 rd 
ns'k osQ fy, mTToy vkSj larqfyr fodkl dh laHkkoukvkas 
dk ekxZ ç'kLr djsaxsA bl n`f"Vdks.k osQ ekè;e ls] Hkkjr 
Hkfo"; esa fVdkÅ vkSj lekos'kh vkfFkZd fodkl dh :ijs[kk 
rS;kj dj ldrk gSA                             ?
tyok;q ifjorZu ls izsfjr 
ÅtkZ cnyko vkSj Ñf=ke 
esèkk tSls rduhdh fodkl 
dh jktuhfrd rFkk vkfFkZd 
j.kuhfrd pqukSfr;ksa  vkSj 
Hkkjr dh tulkaf[;dh; 
çksiQkby dks è;ku esa j[krs 
gq, çklafxd rFkk mfpr 
vkfFkZd lqèkkj] 2047 
rd ns'k osQ fy, mTToy 
vkSj larqfyr fodkl dh 
laHkkoukvkas dk ekxZ ç'kLr 
djsaxsA bl n`f"Vdks.k osQ 
ekè;e ls] Hkkjr Hkfo"; 
esa fVdkÅ vkSj lekos'kh 
vkfFkZd fodkl dh :ijs[kk 
rS;kj dj ldrk gSA
27 ????? 2023
ra=k Hkkjr dh 75 o"kks± dh ;k=kk vklku ugha 
jgh gSA vkSifuosf'kd 'kkldksa us gekjs ns'k dh 
laink dks cjckn dj fn;k FkkA ysfdu vkt+knh 
osQ ckn yack liQj r; djrs gq, Hkkjr oSf'od vFkZO;oLFkk 
dk ,d izeq[k LraHk cu x;k gSA ge ve`r dky esa izos'k 
dj jgs gSaA Hkkjr osQ fy;s ;g viuh {kerk dks igpkuus 
vkSj dksfoM osQ ckn dh u;h oSf'od O;oLFkk esa fo'o xq# 
cu dj mHkjus dk le; gSA ;g vfuok;Z gS fd ge balku 
vkSj i`Foh dh j{kk djrs gq, laoguh; vkSj lekos'kh vkfFkZd 
fodkl dks c<+kok nsaA
fiQDdh&eSfdath dh ,d fjiksVZ osQ vuqlkj Hkkjr osQ 
2047 rd mPp vk; okyk jk"Vª cu tkus dh mEehn gSA 
mldh izfr O;fDr vk; ekStwnk le; ls Ng xquk T;knk gksus 
vkSj c<+rs dk;Zcy dks dke nsus osQ fy;s 60 djksM+ jkstxkjksa 
Lo
Hkkjr us fiNys n'kd esa [kkl rkSj ls vkRefuHkZj Hkkjr vkSj esd bu bafM;k vfHk;kuksa osQ 
varxZr viuh Lons'kh eSuqiQSDpfjax dh izfrLifèkZrk dks etcwr djus esa mYys[kuh; izxfr 
dh gSA eSuqiQSDpfjax esa jkstxkj iSnk djus dh lcls T;knk {kerk gSA bl {ks=k esa 2030 rd 
Ng djksM+ ls lkr djksM+ rd jkstxkj iSnk gks ldrs gSaA eSuqiQSDpfjax dk Hkfo"; laoguh;rk 
esa clk gSA Hkkjr ljdkj thjks fMiQsDV&thjks ,iQsDV vkSj fMftVy bafM;k tSlh vusd 
igydnfe;ksa osQ ekè;e ls O;olk;ksa dks laoguh; eSuqiQSDpfjax viukus osQ fy;s izsfjr dj 
jgh gSA ns'k us fiNys lkr o"kks± esa vius uhfrxr vkSj fu;ked ifjos'k esa dkiQh lqèkkj fd;k 
gSA blls m|eksa osQ fy;s [kqn dks LFkkfir djuk vkSj iQyuk&iQwyuk cgqr vklku gks x;k gSA
laoguh; eSuqQSDpfjax  
dh vksj Nykax
va'kqeku [kUuk
lgk;d egklfpo] Hkkjrh; okf.kT; vkSj m|ksx egkla?k (fiQDdh)A 
bZesy% anshuman.khanna@ficci.com
iQksdl
27 ????? 2023