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S o c i o - C u I t u r a I  R e f o r m
M o v e m e n t s  a n d  T h e i r  L e a d e r s
I .  1 9 t h  C e n t u r y  R e f o r m  M o v e m e n t s
I I .  W o m e n ' s  E m p o w e r m e n t  M o v e m e n t s
I I I .  D a l i t  a n d  C a s t e - b a s e d  R e f o r m
M o v e m e n t s
I V .  R e l i g i o u s  a n d  C u l t u r a l  R e v i v a l
M o v e m e n t s
V .  E d u c a t i o n a l  R e f o r m  M o v e m e n t s
V I .  O t h e r  S i g n i f i c a n t  R e f o r m  M o v e m e n t s
a n d  L e a d e r s
V .  M u s l i m  M o v e m e n t s  i n  I n d i a
R a j a  R a m  M o h a n  R o y
A r y a  S a m a j  ( 1 8 7 5 ,  M u m b a i )
J y o t i r a o  P h u l e
D r .  B . R .  A m b e d k a r
P e r i y a r  E . V .  R a m a s a m y
F o u n d e d  b y  S w a m i  D a y a n a n d a  S a r a s w a t i
A i m e d  t o  r e f o r m  H i n d u  s o c i e t y  b a s e d  o n  t h e
p r i n c i p l e s  o f  V e d a s
P r o m o t e d  s o c i a l  e q u a l i t y ,  e d u c a t i o n  f o r  a l l ,  a n d
o p p o s i t i o n  t o  i d o l  w o r s h i p
L e d  t h e  S e l f - R e s p e c t  M o v e m e n t  i n  T a m i l  N a d u
A d v o c a t e d  f o r  t h e  e r a d i c a t i o n  o f  c a s t e - b a s e d
d i s c r i m i n a t i o n  a n d  s o c i a l  e q u a l i t y
F o u n d e d  t h e  B a h i s h k r i t  H i t a k a r i n i  S a b h a  ( 1 9 2 4 )  a n d
t h e  I n d e p e n d e n t  L a b o u r  P a r t y  ( 1 9 3 6 )
W o r k e d  t o w a r d s  D a l i t  u p l i f t m e n t ,  f o u g h t  a g a i n s t
u n t o u c h a b i l i t y ,  a n d  d r a f t e d  t h e  I n d i a n  C o n s t i t u t i o n
F o u n d e d  S a t y a  S h o d h a k  S a m a j  i n  1 8 7 3  ( P u n e )
F o u g h t  a g a i n s t  c a s t e - b a s e d  d i s c r i m i n a t i o n  a n d
a d v o c a t e d  f o r  s o c i a l  e q u a l i t y
D e o b a n d i  M o v e m e n t
A h m a d i y y a  M o v e m e n t
T a b l i g h i  J a m a a t
R e f o r m i s t  M o v e m e n t s
S a r d a r  V a l l a b h b h a i  P a t e l
G o p a l  K r i s h n a  G o k h a l e
S w a m i  D a y a n a n d a  S a r a s w a t i
K e s h a b  C h a n d r a  S e n
A i m :  T o  m o d e r n i z e  a n d  a d a p t  I s l a m i c  p r a c t i c e s  t o  t h e
c h a n g i n g  s o c i e t a l  n e e d s .
K e y  F i g u r e s :  S y e d  A h m a d  K h a n ,  S i r  S y e d  A h m e d  K h a n .
S t r a t e g i e s :  E m p h a s i s  o n  e d u c a t i o n ,  p r o m o t i o n  o f
c r i t i c a l  t h i n k i n g ,  a d v o c a c y  f o r  s o c i a l  r e f o r m s .
F o u n d e d  t h e  B r a h m o  S a m a j  i n  i t s  s e c o n d  f o r m  ( 1 8 6 6 )
F o c u s e d  o n  s o c i a l  r e f o r m s ,  w o m e n ' s  r i g h t s ,  a n d
r e l i g i o u s  u n i t y
F o u n d e d  B r a h m o  S a b h a  i n  1 8 2 8  ( C a l c u t t a )
A d v o c a t e d  f o r  w o m e n ' s  r i g h t s ,  w i d o w  r e m a r r i a g e ,
a n d  e d u c a t i o n  f o r  a l l
A i m :  T o  e s t a b l i s h  t h e  A h m a d i y y a  s e c t  a s  a  r e f o r m i s t
m o v e m e n t  w i t h i n  I s l a m .
K e y  F i g u r e s :  M i r z a  G h u l a m  A h m a d .
S t r a t e g i e s :  P r e a c h i n g ,  m i s s i o n a r y  w o r k ,  f o c u s  o n
e d u c a t i o n  a n d  s o c i a l  w e l f a r e .
A d v o c a t e d  f o r  r e l i g i o u s  a n d  s o c i a l  r e f o r m s ,  a n d
f o u n d e d  A r y a  S a m a j
W o r k e d  t o w a r d s  p o l i t i c a l  r e f o r m s ,  s o c i a l  e q u a l i t y ,
a n d  e d u c a t i o n
L e d  t h e  B a r d o l i  S a t y a g r a h a  ( 1 9 2 8 )  a n d  f o u g h t  f o r  t h e
r i g h t s  o f  f a r m e r s
A i m :  T o  s p r e a d  t h e  m e s s a g e  o f  I s l a m  a n d  p r o m o t e
r e l i g i o u s  o b s e r v a n c e  a m o n g  M u s l i m s .
K e y  F i g u r e s :  M a u l a n a  M u h a m m a d  I l y a s  K a n d h a l a w i .
S t r a t e g i e s :  E n g a g i n g  i n  m i s s i o n a r y  w o r k ,  o r g a n i z i n g
r e l i g i o u s  g a t h e r i n g s .
A i m :  T o  r e f o r m  a n d  r e v i v e  I s l a m  w i t h i n  t h e  I n d i a n
s u b c o n t i n e n t .
K e y  F i g u r e s :  M a u l a n a  Q a s i m  N a n o t v i ,  M a u l a n a  R a s h i d
A h m a d  G a n g o h i .
S t r a t e g i e s :  E m p h a s i s  o n  Q u r a n i c  t e a c h i n g s ,
p r e s e r v a t i o n  o f  I s l a m i c  t r a d i t i o n s .
S r i  R a m a k r i s h n a  P a r a m a h a m s a
V i d y a s a g a r
I s h w a r  C h a n d r a  V i d y a  S a g a r
I n t r o d u c e d  W i d o w  R e m a r r i a g e  A c t  i n  1 8 5 6  a n d
w o r k e d  t o w a r d s  e d u c a t i o n  f o r  a l l
F o u g h t  f o r  w o m e n ' s  e d u c a t i o n ,  w i d o w  r e m a r r i a g e ,
a n d  s o c i a l  r e f o r m s  i n  B e n g a l
S w a m i  V i v e k a n a n d a
R a j a  R a m m o h u n  R o y
S p i r i t u a l  g u r u  w h o  i n s p i r e d  S w a m i  V i v e k a n a n d a  a n d
b r o u g h t  a n  a w a k e n i n g  i n  t h e  y o u t h
P r o m o t e d  r e l i g i o u s  a n d  s o c i a l  r e f o r m s ,  i n c l u d i n g
a b o l i t i o n  o f  s a t i  a n d  p r o m o t i o n  o f  w i d o w  r e m a r r i a g e
( 1 9 t h - c e n t u r y )
R e p r e s e n t e d  H i n d u i s m  a t  t h e  W o r l d ' s  P a r l i a m e n t  o f
R e l i g i o n s  i n  C h i c a g o  ( 1 8 9 3 )
P r o m o t e d  V e d a n t a  p h i l o s o p h y ,  u n i v e r s a l
b r o t h e r h o o d ,  a n d  s p i r i t u a l  a w a k e n i n g
S a v i t r i b a i  P h u l e  a n d  J y o t i r a o  P h u l e  ( 1 9 t h - c e n t u r y )
P a n d i t a  R a m a b a i
A n n i e  B e s a n t
S a r o j i n i  N a i d u
A c t i v e  i n  s u f f r a g e  a n d  w o m e n ' s  r i g h t s  m o v e m e n t s
B e c a m e  t h e  f i r s t  f e m a l e  P r e s i d e n t  o f  t h e  I n d i a n
N a t i o n a l  C o n g r e s s  ( 1 9 2 5 )
L e d  t h e  W o m e n ' s  I n d i a n  A s s o c i a t i o n  ( 1 9 1 7 )
P r o m o t e d  w o m e n ' s  s u f f r a g e ,  e d u c a t i o n ,  a n d  s o c i a l
r e f o r m s
W o r k e d  t o w a r d s  w o m e n ' s  e d u c a t i o n  a n d  w i d o w
r e m a r r i a g e
E s t a b l i s h e d  M u k t i  M i s s i o n  i n  1 8 8 9  ( P u n e )
A d v o c a t e d  f o r  w o m e n ' s  e d u c a t i o n ,  w i d o w s '  r i g h t s ,
a n d  f o u g h t  a g a i n s t  c h i l d  m a r r i a g e
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