AILET Previous Year Question Paper - 2023 | CLAT Past Year Papers (2008-2024) PDF Download

 Page 1


M -1- 
 
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  ^ 
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
1. No clarification on the Question Paper can be sought. Answer the questions as 
they are. 
2. There will be 150 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) of one mark each to be 
answered in the OMR Response Sheet only. Total marks are 150. Answer ALL the 
? ? Questions. 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
# 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
3. There will be Negative Marking for Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ). For every 
wrong answer 0.25 marks will be deducted. 
4. Candidates have to indicate the most appropriate answer by darkening one of the 
four responses provided, with only BLACK/BLUE BALL POINT PEN in the OMR 
Response Sheet. 
Example : For the question, “Where is the Taj Mahal located ?” 
a) Kolkata b) Agra c) Bhopal d) Delhi 
Right Method Wrong Methods 
——————— ————————————————————— 
a   b c d a b c d a b
? 
c d a c d 
 
5. Answering the question by any method other than the method mentioned above shall be 
considered wrong answer. 
6. More than one response to a question shall be counted as wrong answer. 
7. The candidate shall not write anything on the OMR Response Sheet other than the 
details required and in the spaces provided for. 
8. After the examination is over, the candidate can carry the Question Booklet along with 
candidate’s copy of the OMR Response Sheet. Candidate will hand over the original 
OMR Response Sheet to the invigilator. 
9. The use of any unfair means by any candidate will result in the cancellation of his/her 
candidature. 
10. Impersonation is an offence and the candidate, apart from disqualification, may 
have to face criminal prosecution. 
11. Electronic gadgets like mobile phones, digital watch, pagers and calculators etc. 
are strictly not permitted inside the Test Centre/Hall. 
12. The candidates shall not leave the hall before the end of the Test. 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
M 
LL.B. ADMISSION TEST – 2023 
Question Booklet Sl. No. 
Date of Exam. : 
Duration : 90 Minutes 
Max. Marks 150 
Center’s Name :  
Roll No. :    
OMR Sheet No. :    
 
Page 2


M -1- 
 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
  *  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
?
?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
  ^ 
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
1. No clarification on the Question Paper can be sought. Answer the questions as 
they are. 
2. There will be 150 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) of one mark each to be 
answered in the OMR Response Sheet only. Total marks are 150. Answer ALL the 
? ? Questions. 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
# 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
3. There will be Negative Marking for Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ). For every 
wrong answer 0.25 marks will be deducted. 
4. Candidates have to indicate the most appropriate answer by darkening one of the 
four responses provided, with only BLACK/BLUE BALL POINT PEN in the OMR 
Response Sheet. 
Example : For the question, “Where is the Taj Mahal located ?” 
a) Kolkata b) Agra c) Bhopal d) Delhi 
Right Method Wrong Methods 
——————— ————————————————————— 
a   b c d a b c d a b
? 
c d a c d 
 
5. Answering the question by any method other than the method mentioned above shall be 
considered wrong answer. 
6. More than one response to a question shall be counted as wrong answer. 
7. The candidate shall not write anything on the OMR Response Sheet other than the 
details required and in the spaces provided for. 
8. After the examination is over, the candidate can carry the Question Booklet along with 
candidate’s copy of the OMR Response Sheet. Candidate will hand over the original 
OMR Response Sheet to the invigilator. 
9. The use of any unfair means by any candidate will result in the cancellation of his/her 
candidature. 
10. Impersonation is an offence and the candidate, apart from disqualification, may 
have to face criminal prosecution. 
11. Electronic gadgets like mobile phones, digital watch, pagers and calculators etc. 
are strictly not permitted inside the Test Centre/Hall. 
12. The candidates shall not leave the hall before the end of the Test. 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
M 
LL.B. ADMISSION TEST – 2023 
Question Booklet Sl. No. 
Date of Exam. : 
Duration : 90 Minutes 
Max. Marks 150 
Center’s Name :  
Roll No. :    
OMR Sheet No. :    
 
LLB 
M -2- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BREAK-UP OF MARKS 
 
 
Section 
 
Subject 
 
Q. No. 
 
Marks 
 
Part – 1, 
Section – A 
 
English 
1 – 5, 13 – 17, 25 – 29, 37 – 41, 
49 – 53, 61 – 65, 73 – 77, 85 – 89, 
97 – 101, 109 – 113 
 
50 
 
Part – 1, 
Section – B 
 
Logical Reasoning 
6 – 12, 18 – 24, 30 – 36, 42 – 48, 
54 – 60, 66 – 72, 78 – 84, 90 – 96, 
102 – 108, 114 – 120 
 
70 
 
Part – 2 
General Knowledge and 
Current Affairs 
 
121 – 150 
 
30 
Total Marks 150 
Page 3


M -1- 
 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
  *  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
?
?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
  ^ 
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
1. No clarification on the Question Paper can be sought. Answer the questions as 
they are. 
2. There will be 150 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) of one mark each to be 
answered in the OMR Response Sheet only. Total marks are 150. Answer ALL the 
? ? Questions. 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
# 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
3. There will be Negative Marking for Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ). For every 
wrong answer 0.25 marks will be deducted. 
4. Candidates have to indicate the most appropriate answer by darkening one of the 
four responses provided, with only BLACK/BLUE BALL POINT PEN in the OMR 
Response Sheet. 
Example : For the question, “Where is the Taj Mahal located ?” 
a) Kolkata b) Agra c) Bhopal d) Delhi 
Right Method Wrong Methods 
——————— ————————————————————— 
a   b c d a b c d a b
? 
c d a c d 
 
5. Answering the question by any method other than the method mentioned above shall be 
considered wrong answer. 
6. More than one response to a question shall be counted as wrong answer. 
7. The candidate shall not write anything on the OMR Response Sheet other than the 
details required and in the spaces provided for. 
8. After the examination is over, the candidate can carry the Question Booklet along with 
candidate’s copy of the OMR Response Sheet. Candidate will hand over the original 
OMR Response Sheet to the invigilator. 
9. The use of any unfair means by any candidate will result in the cancellation of his/her 
candidature. 
10. Impersonation is an offence and the candidate, apart from disqualification, may 
have to face criminal prosecution. 
11. Electronic gadgets like mobile phones, digital watch, pagers and calculators etc. 
are strictly not permitted inside the Test Centre/Hall. 
12. The candidates shall not leave the hall before the end of the Test. 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
M 
LL.B. ADMISSION TEST – 2023 
Question Booklet Sl. No. 
Date of Exam. : 
Duration : 90 Minutes 
Max. Marks 150 
Center’s Name :  
Roll No. :    
OMR Sheet No. :    
 
LLB 
M -2- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BREAK-UP OF MARKS 
 
 
Section 
 
Subject 
 
Q. No. 
 
Marks 
 
Part – 1, 
Section – A 
 
English 
1 – 5, 13 – 17, 25 – 29, 37 – 41, 
49 – 53, 61 – 65, 73 – 77, 85 – 89, 
97 – 101, 109 – 113 
 
50 
 
Part – 1, 
Section – B 
 
Logical Reasoning 
6 – 12, 18 – 24, 30 – 36, 42 – 48, 
54 – 60, 66 – 72, 78 – 84, 90 – 96, 
102 – 108, 114 – 120 
 
70 
 
Part – 2 
General Knowledge and 
Current Affairs 
 
121 – 150 
 
30 
Total Marks 150 
LLB 
 
 
 
Directions : I to X : Each set of questions in this section are based on the passage. 
The questions are to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the 
passage. Choose the most appropriate response that accurately and completely 
answer the question. 
 
  PART – 1  
 
I. Aristotle, an ancient philosopher, was one of the first to discuss syllogisms. In Prior 
Analytics, published around 350 BCE, Aristotle outlined the basic form of syllogism 
which represented the earliest branch of formal logic. For Aristotle, logic revolved 
around deduction : “speech in which certain things having been supposed something 
different from those supposed results of necessity because of their being so .” 
If that sounds confusing – that’s ancient philosophy for you! Let’s break it down. “The 
things that have been supposed” are what we now call “premises”. “What results 
necessarily” from those premises being true is a conclusion. 
To Aristotle, if an argument was valid, it would be impossible for premises X and Y 
to be true and for conclusion Z to be false. Aristotle named this method of proving 
validity “reductio ad impossibile” : a syllogism is valid when the denial of the 
conclusion but acceptance of the premises would lead to a contradiction. 
Aristotle divided syllogistic propositions into four different categories : universal 
affirmative, particular affirmative, universal negative and particular negative. 
A universal affirmative syllogistic sentence : All humans need food. 
A particular affirmative syllogistic sentence : Some birds can fly. 
A universal negative syllogistic sentence : No dogs are cats. 
A particular negative syllogistic sentence : Not all cars have four doors. 
During the rise of modern formal logic, German philosopher Gottlob Frege refined 
Aristotle’s syllogistic theory through the addition of non-categorical syllogisms. These 
are syllogisms that rely on premises and can be hypothetical, or which include 
disjunctions like ‘or’. The hypothetical form of syllogisms can be traced back to Stoic 
philosophy, but modern philosophers tend to attribute the theory to Frege. In the 
19
th 
century, British philosopher and economist John Neville Keynes also helped 
make non-categorical syllogisms popular. 
Here’s an example of a hypothetical syllogism : 
1. If it is sunny tomorrow, I can go running. 
2. It is sunny. 
3. Therefore, I can go running. 
Here’s an example of a disjunctive syllogism : 
1. Patrick studies English or Linguistics. 
2. Patrick is not studying Linguistics. 
3. Therefore, he is studying English. 
In the Begriffsschrift (German for “Concept-Script”), he refined Aristotle’s system 
by developing a logical system that explained how quantifiers (words like “all” and 
“some”) work. His system also became the basis for modern computer science. 
-3- M 
Page 4


M -1- 
 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
  *  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
?
?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
  ^ 
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
1. No clarification on the Question Paper can be sought. Answer the questions as 
they are. 
2. There will be 150 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) of one mark each to be 
answered in the OMR Response Sheet only. Total marks are 150. Answer ALL the 
? ? Questions. 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
# 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
3. There will be Negative Marking for Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ). For every 
wrong answer 0.25 marks will be deducted. 
4. Candidates have to indicate the most appropriate answer by darkening one of the 
four responses provided, with only BLACK/BLUE BALL POINT PEN in the OMR 
Response Sheet. 
Example : For the question, “Where is the Taj Mahal located ?” 
a) Kolkata b) Agra c) Bhopal d) Delhi 
Right Method Wrong Methods 
——————— ————————————————————— 
a   b c d a b c d a b
? 
c d a c d 
 
5. Answering the question by any method other than the method mentioned above shall be 
considered wrong answer. 
6. More than one response to a question shall be counted as wrong answer. 
7. The candidate shall not write anything on the OMR Response Sheet other than the 
details required and in the spaces provided for. 
8. After the examination is over, the candidate can carry the Question Booklet along with 
candidate’s copy of the OMR Response Sheet. Candidate will hand over the original 
OMR Response Sheet to the invigilator. 
9. The use of any unfair means by any candidate will result in the cancellation of his/her 
candidature. 
10. Impersonation is an offence and the candidate, apart from disqualification, may 
have to face criminal prosecution. 
11. Electronic gadgets like mobile phones, digital watch, pagers and calculators etc. 
are strictly not permitted inside the Test Centre/Hall. 
12. The candidates shall not leave the hall before the end of the Test. 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
M 
LL.B. ADMISSION TEST – 2023 
Question Booklet Sl. No. 
Date of Exam. : 
Duration : 90 Minutes 
Max. Marks 150 
Center’s Name :  
Roll No. :    
OMR Sheet No. :    
 
LLB 
M -2- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BREAK-UP OF MARKS 
 
 
Section 
 
Subject 
 
Q. No. 
 
Marks 
 
Part – 1, 
Section – A 
 
English 
1 – 5, 13 – 17, 25 – 29, 37 – 41, 
49 – 53, 61 – 65, 73 – 77, 85 – 89, 
97 – 101, 109 – 113 
 
50 
 
Part – 1, 
Section – B 
 
Logical Reasoning 
6 – 12, 18 – 24, 30 – 36, 42 – 48, 
54 – 60, 66 – 72, 78 – 84, 90 – 96, 
102 – 108, 114 – 120 
 
70 
 
Part – 2 
General Knowledge and 
Current Affairs 
 
121 – 150 
 
30 
Total Marks 150 
LLB 
 
 
 
Directions : I to X : Each set of questions in this section are based on the passage. 
The questions are to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the 
passage. Choose the most appropriate response that accurately and completely 
answer the question. 
 
  PART – 1  
 
I. Aristotle, an ancient philosopher, was one of the first to discuss syllogisms. In Prior 
Analytics, published around 350 BCE, Aristotle outlined the basic form of syllogism 
which represented the earliest branch of formal logic. For Aristotle, logic revolved 
around deduction : “speech in which certain things having been supposed something 
different from those supposed results of necessity because of their being so .” 
If that sounds confusing – that’s ancient philosophy for you! Let’s break it down. “The 
things that have been supposed” are what we now call “premises”. “What results 
necessarily” from those premises being true is a conclusion. 
To Aristotle, if an argument was valid, it would be impossible for premises X and Y 
to be true and for conclusion Z to be false. Aristotle named this method of proving 
validity “reductio ad impossibile” : a syllogism is valid when the denial of the 
conclusion but acceptance of the premises would lead to a contradiction. 
Aristotle divided syllogistic propositions into four different categories : universal 
affirmative, particular affirmative, universal negative and particular negative. 
A universal affirmative syllogistic sentence : All humans need food. 
A particular affirmative syllogistic sentence : Some birds can fly. 
A universal negative syllogistic sentence : No dogs are cats. 
A particular negative syllogistic sentence : Not all cars have four doors. 
During the rise of modern formal logic, German philosopher Gottlob Frege refined 
Aristotle’s syllogistic theory through the addition of non-categorical syllogisms. These 
are syllogisms that rely on premises and can be hypothetical, or which include 
disjunctions like ‘or’. The hypothetical form of syllogisms can be traced back to Stoic 
philosophy, but modern philosophers tend to attribute the theory to Frege. In the 
19
th 
century, British philosopher and economist John Neville Keynes also helped 
make non-categorical syllogisms popular. 
Here’s an example of a hypothetical syllogism : 
1. If it is sunny tomorrow, I can go running. 
2. It is sunny. 
3. Therefore, I can go running. 
Here’s an example of a disjunctive syllogism : 
1. Patrick studies English or Linguistics. 
2. Patrick is not studying Linguistics. 
3. Therefore, he is studying English. 
In the Begriffsschrift (German for “Concept-Script”), he refined Aristotle’s system 
by developing a logical system that explained how quantifiers (words like “all” and 
“some”) work. His system also became the basis for modern computer science. 
-3- M 
LLB 
 
 
 
Section – A : English 
1. Select the appropriate option to fill the blank. 
In the line, ‘Aristotle outlined the basic form of syllogism…’ in paragraph 1, the writer 
means that Aristotle the topic. 
a) shared an introductory insight on 
b) paraphrased features of 
c) wrote a detailed discussion on 
d) presented the main aspects of 
2. The writer’s use of an exclamation mark in the line ‘... that’s ancient philosophy for 
you!’, from paragraph 2. What is the most likely tone this indicates ? 
a) derogatory b) humorous 
c) sarcastic d) provocative 
3. Select the option that is true for both (1) and (2) below, according to paragraph 3. 
(1) A conclusion is the main feature of a premise. 
(2) Premises need to be proven true for a conclusion to occur. 
a) (1) is true but (2) is false. 
b) Both (1) and (2) are true. 
c) (2) is true but (1) cannot be inferred from the text. 
d) (1) is true but (2) cannot be inferred from the text. 
4. Select the option that substitutes the underlined word correctly in the given line. 
‘These are syllogisms that rely on premises being hypothetical…’ 
a) conjectural b) climatic 
c) conciliatory d) corroborative 
5. Select the option that uses a ‘quantifier’, as mentioned in the last paragraph. 
a) We saw a lot of birds at the sanctuary. 
b) The sanctuary is located beyond the city walls. 
c) The birds migrate to the sanctuary in March. 
d) We planned the trips to the bird sanctuary. 
 
Section – B : Logical Reasoning 
6. Let the following premises be true : “If it is sunny on any given day, I can go running.”, 
and “It is not sunny today.” Which of the following must be true ? 
a) I cannot go running today. b) I can go running today. 
c) I can go walking today. d) None of the above 
7. If a majority of spoons are forks, then which of the following could be true ? 
a) A majority of forks are spoons b) A minority of forks are spoons 
c) All forks are spoons d) All the above 
M -4- 
Page 5


M -1- 
 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
  *  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
?
?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
  ^ 
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
1. No clarification on the Question Paper can be sought. Answer the questions as 
they are. 
2. There will be 150 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) of one mark each to be 
answered in the OMR Response Sheet only. Total marks are 150. Answer ALL the 
? ? Questions. 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
# 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
3. There will be Negative Marking for Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ). For every 
wrong answer 0.25 marks will be deducted. 
4. Candidates have to indicate the most appropriate answer by darkening one of the 
four responses provided, with only BLACK/BLUE BALL POINT PEN in the OMR 
Response Sheet. 
Example : For the question, “Where is the Taj Mahal located ?” 
a) Kolkata b) Agra c) Bhopal d) Delhi 
Right Method Wrong Methods 
——————— ————————————————————— 
a   b c d a b c d a b
? 
c d a c d 
 
5. Answering the question by any method other than the method mentioned above shall be 
considered wrong answer. 
6. More than one response to a question shall be counted as wrong answer. 
7. The candidate shall not write anything on the OMR Response Sheet other than the 
details required and in the spaces provided for. 
8. After the examination is over, the candidate can carry the Question Booklet along with 
candidate’s copy of the OMR Response Sheet. Candidate will hand over the original 
OMR Response Sheet to the invigilator. 
9. The use of any unfair means by any candidate will result in the cancellation of his/her 
candidature. 
10. Impersonation is an offence and the candidate, apart from disqualification, may 
have to face criminal prosecution. 
11. Electronic gadgets like mobile phones, digital watch, pagers and calculators etc. 
are strictly not permitted inside the Test Centre/Hall. 
12. The candidates shall not leave the hall before the end of the Test. 
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
M 
LL.B. ADMISSION TEST – 2023 
Question Booklet Sl. No. 
Date of Exam. : 
Duration : 90 Minutes 
Max. Marks 150 
Center’s Name :  
Roll No. :    
OMR Sheet No. :    
 
LLB 
M -2- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BREAK-UP OF MARKS 
 
 
Section 
 
Subject 
 
Q. No. 
 
Marks 
 
Part – 1, 
Section – A 
 
English 
1 – 5, 13 – 17, 25 – 29, 37 – 41, 
49 – 53, 61 – 65, 73 – 77, 85 – 89, 
97 – 101, 109 – 113 
 
50 
 
Part – 1, 
Section – B 
 
Logical Reasoning 
6 – 12, 18 – 24, 30 – 36, 42 – 48, 
54 – 60, 66 – 72, 78 – 84, 90 – 96, 
102 – 108, 114 – 120 
 
70 
 
Part – 2 
General Knowledge and 
Current Affairs 
 
121 – 150 
 
30 
Total Marks 150 
LLB 
 
 
 
Directions : I to X : Each set of questions in this section are based on the passage. 
The questions are to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the 
passage. Choose the most appropriate response that accurately and completely 
answer the question. 
 
  PART – 1  
 
I. Aristotle, an ancient philosopher, was one of the first to discuss syllogisms. In Prior 
Analytics, published around 350 BCE, Aristotle outlined the basic form of syllogism 
which represented the earliest branch of formal logic. For Aristotle, logic revolved 
around deduction : “speech in which certain things having been supposed something 
different from those supposed results of necessity because of their being so .” 
If that sounds confusing – that’s ancient philosophy for you! Let’s break it down. “The 
things that have been supposed” are what we now call “premises”. “What results 
necessarily” from those premises being true is a conclusion. 
To Aristotle, if an argument was valid, it would be impossible for premises X and Y 
to be true and for conclusion Z to be false. Aristotle named this method of proving 
validity “reductio ad impossibile” : a syllogism is valid when the denial of the 
conclusion but acceptance of the premises would lead to a contradiction. 
Aristotle divided syllogistic propositions into four different categories : universal 
affirmative, particular affirmative, universal negative and particular negative. 
A universal affirmative syllogistic sentence : All humans need food. 
A particular affirmative syllogistic sentence : Some birds can fly. 
A universal negative syllogistic sentence : No dogs are cats. 
A particular negative syllogistic sentence : Not all cars have four doors. 
During the rise of modern formal logic, German philosopher Gottlob Frege refined 
Aristotle’s syllogistic theory through the addition of non-categorical syllogisms. These 
are syllogisms that rely on premises and can be hypothetical, or which include 
disjunctions like ‘or’. The hypothetical form of syllogisms can be traced back to Stoic 
philosophy, but modern philosophers tend to attribute the theory to Frege. In the 
19
th 
century, British philosopher and economist John Neville Keynes also helped 
make non-categorical syllogisms popular. 
Here’s an example of a hypothetical syllogism : 
1. If it is sunny tomorrow, I can go running. 
2. It is sunny. 
3. Therefore, I can go running. 
Here’s an example of a disjunctive syllogism : 
1. Patrick studies English or Linguistics. 
2. Patrick is not studying Linguistics. 
3. Therefore, he is studying English. 
In the Begriffsschrift (German for “Concept-Script”), he refined Aristotle’s system 
by developing a logical system that explained how quantifiers (words like “all” and 
“some”) work. His system also became the basis for modern computer science. 
-3- M 
LLB 
 
 
 
Section – A : English 
1. Select the appropriate option to fill the blank. 
In the line, ‘Aristotle outlined the basic form of syllogism…’ in paragraph 1, the writer 
means that Aristotle the topic. 
a) shared an introductory insight on 
b) paraphrased features of 
c) wrote a detailed discussion on 
d) presented the main aspects of 
2. The writer’s use of an exclamation mark in the line ‘... that’s ancient philosophy for 
you!’, from paragraph 2. What is the most likely tone this indicates ? 
a) derogatory b) humorous 
c) sarcastic d) provocative 
3. Select the option that is true for both (1) and (2) below, according to paragraph 3. 
(1) A conclusion is the main feature of a premise. 
(2) Premises need to be proven true for a conclusion to occur. 
a) (1) is true but (2) is false. 
b) Both (1) and (2) are true. 
c) (2) is true but (1) cannot be inferred from the text. 
d) (1) is true but (2) cannot be inferred from the text. 
4. Select the option that substitutes the underlined word correctly in the given line. 
‘These are syllogisms that rely on premises being hypothetical…’ 
a) conjectural b) climatic 
c) conciliatory d) corroborative 
5. Select the option that uses a ‘quantifier’, as mentioned in the last paragraph. 
a) We saw a lot of birds at the sanctuary. 
b) The sanctuary is located beyond the city walls. 
c) The birds migrate to the sanctuary in March. 
d) We planned the trips to the bird sanctuary. 
 
Section – B : Logical Reasoning 
6. Let the following premises be true : “If it is sunny on any given day, I can go running.”, 
and “It is not sunny today.” Which of the following must be true ? 
a) I cannot go running today. b) I can go running today. 
c) I can go walking today. d) None of the above 
7. If a majority of spoons are forks, then which of the following could be true ? 
a) A majority of forks are spoons b) A minority of forks are spoons 
c) All forks are spoons d) All the above 
M -4- 
LLB 
 
 
 
8. Assumethat(A) amajorityofblanketsaresheets,(B) amajorityofblanketsaretablecloths, 
and (C) no non-blanket sheet (i.e., a sheet that is not a blanket) is a non-blanket tablecloth 
(i.e., a tablecloth that is not a blanket). Which of the following is true ? 
a) No sheets are tablecloths b) Some sheets are tablecloths 
c) All sheets are tablecloths d) Cannot be determined 
 
9. A minority of wallets are purses. A majority of wallets are perfumes. Which of the 
following could be true ? 
a) No purses are perfumes b) All purses are perfumes 
c) Both a) and b) d) Neither a) nor b) 
 
10. A majority of Formula 1 cars are race-cars. All race-cars drive on four wheels. All 
four-wheeled cars are twenty times as fast as cars that drive on any other number 
of wheels. Speed is the only determining factor for winning a race that involves cars. 
Which of the following is/are correct ? 
a) In a Formula 1 race, a non-four-wheeled car (i.e., a car that does not drive on 
four wheels) will never be able to win. 
b) In a Formula 1 race, the winner of a race among 20 cars can be predicted using 
only the number of wheels that a car drives on. 
c) In an Indy500 race, where all participating cars are race-cars, the winner of a 
race among 50 cars can be predicted. 
d) Both a) and b). 
 
11. A minority of folders are documents. Which of the following is not true ? 
a) If there are folders, there are documents. 
b) If there are documents, there are at least 2 folders. 
c) If there are no documents, there are no folders. 
d) All of the above are true. 
 
12. All moons are asteroids. All planets are celestial bodies. Some planets are moons. 
Therefore, 
a) All asteroids are celestial bodies. b) All asteroids are planets. 
c) Some asteroids are planets. d) None of the above 
-5- M