Page 1
Locating Places on the
Earth
Maps and globes help us understand and navigate our world. This chapter
explores how we locate places on Earth using coordinates, directions, and
time zones. We'll learn about the components of maps, the grid system of
latitudes and longitudes, and how these relate to time differences across the
globe.
Page 2
Locating Places on the
Earth
Maps and globes help us understand and navigate our world. This chapter
explores how we locate places on Earth using coordinates, directions, and
time zones. We'll learn about the components of maps, the grid system of
latitudes and longitudes, and how these relate to time differences across the
globe.
A Map and Its Components
Distance
Maps use a scale to represent real-
world distances. For example, 1 cm on
a map may represent 500 m on the
ground.
Direction
Cardinal directions (north, east, south,
west) and intermediate directions help
orient the map.
Symbols
Standardized symbols represent
features like buildings, roads, and
natural elements to convey
information efficiently.
A map is a representation of an area, which can be small like a village or large like the whole world. There are several types
of maps, including physical maps showing natural features, political maps showing boundaries and cities, and thematic
maps with specific information.
Page 3
Locating Places on the
Earth
Maps and globes help us understand and navigate our world. This chapter
explores how we locate places on Earth using coordinates, directions, and
time zones. We'll learn about the components of maps, the grid system of
latitudes and longitudes, and how these relate to time differences across the
globe.
A Map and Its Components
Distance
Maps use a scale to represent real-
world distances. For example, 1 cm on
a map may represent 500 m on the
ground.
Direction
Cardinal directions (north, east, south,
west) and intermediate directions help
orient the map.
Symbols
Standardized symbols represent
features like buildings, roads, and
natural elements to convey
information efficiently.
A map is a representation of an area, which can be small like a village or large like the whole world. There are several types
of maps, including physical maps showing natural features, political maps showing boundaries and cities, and thematic
maps with specific information.
Understanding the Globe
Shape of the Earth
The Earth is nearly spherical, slightly
flattened at the poles. A globe
accurately represents this shape.
Mapping Challenges
Representing a sphere on a flat
surface is challenging, as
demonstrated by peeling an orange.
Globe Features
A globe shows the North and South
Poles, the Equator, and allows for
rotation to simulate Earth's
movement.
1
Shape of the Earth
The Earth is nearly spherical, slightly flattened at the poles. A globe accurately represents this shape.
2
Mapping Challenges
Representing a sphere on a flat surface is challenging, as demonstrated by peeling an orange.
3
Globe Features
A globe shows the North and South Poles, the Equator, and allows for rotation to simulate Earth's
movement.
The globe is a spherical representation of the Earth, providing a more accurate depiction of geography than flat maps. It
helps visualize the Earth's rotation and the relationship between different locations on the planet.
Page 4
Locating Places on the
Earth
Maps and globes help us understand and navigate our world. This chapter
explores how we locate places on Earth using coordinates, directions, and
time zones. We'll learn about the components of maps, the grid system of
latitudes and longitudes, and how these relate to time differences across the
globe.
A Map and Its Components
Distance
Maps use a scale to represent real-
world distances. For example, 1 cm on
a map may represent 500 m on the
ground.
Direction
Cardinal directions (north, east, south,
west) and intermediate directions help
orient the map.
Symbols
Standardized symbols represent
features like buildings, roads, and
natural elements to convey
information efficiently.
A map is a representation of an area, which can be small like a village or large like the whole world. There are several types
of maps, including physical maps showing natural features, political maps showing boundaries and cities, and thematic
maps with specific information.
Understanding the Globe
Shape of the Earth
The Earth is nearly spherical, slightly
flattened at the poles. A globe
accurately represents this shape.
Mapping Challenges
Representing a sphere on a flat
surface is challenging, as
demonstrated by peeling an orange.
Globe Features
A globe shows the North and South
Poles, the Equator, and allows for
rotation to simulate Earth's
movement.
1
Shape of the Earth
The Earth is nearly spherical, slightly flattened at the poles. A globe accurately represents this shape.
2
Mapping Challenges
Representing a sphere on a flat surface is challenging, as demonstrated by peeling an orange.
3
Globe Features
A globe shows the North and South Poles, the Equator, and allows for rotation to simulate Earth's
movement.
The globe is a spherical representation of the Earth, providing a more accurate depiction of geography than flat maps. It
helps visualize the Earth's rotation and the relationship between different locations on the planet.
Understanding Coordinates
Market Example
Like giving directions in a market using
row and shop numbers, coordinates
help locate places on Earth.
Chessboard Analogy
A chessboard uses letters and
numbers to identify squares, similar
to how coordinates work on maps.
Map Coordinates
Latitude and longitude form a
coordinate system to precisely locate
any place on Earth.
Coordinates are used to precisely determine locations. This system is similar to how we might give directions in a market
or record moves on a chessboard. On Earth, we use latitude and longitude as our coordinate system.
Page 5
Locating Places on the
Earth
Maps and globes help us understand and navigate our world. This chapter
explores how we locate places on Earth using coordinates, directions, and
time zones. We'll learn about the components of maps, the grid system of
latitudes and longitudes, and how these relate to time differences across the
globe.
A Map and Its Components
Distance
Maps use a scale to represent real-
world distances. For example, 1 cm on
a map may represent 500 m on the
ground.
Direction
Cardinal directions (north, east, south,
west) and intermediate directions help
orient the map.
Symbols
Standardized symbols represent
features like buildings, roads, and
natural elements to convey
information efficiently.
A map is a representation of an area, which can be small like a village or large like the whole world. There are several types
of maps, including physical maps showing natural features, political maps showing boundaries and cities, and thematic
maps with specific information.
Understanding the Globe
Shape of the Earth
The Earth is nearly spherical, slightly
flattened at the poles. A globe
accurately represents this shape.
Mapping Challenges
Representing a sphere on a flat
surface is challenging, as
demonstrated by peeling an orange.
Globe Features
A globe shows the North and South
Poles, the Equator, and allows for
rotation to simulate Earth's
movement.
1
Shape of the Earth
The Earth is nearly spherical, slightly flattened at the poles. A globe accurately represents this shape.
2
Mapping Challenges
Representing a sphere on a flat surface is challenging, as demonstrated by peeling an orange.
3
Globe Features
A globe shows the North and South Poles, the Equator, and allows for rotation to simulate Earth's
movement.
The globe is a spherical representation of the Earth, providing a more accurate depiction of geography than flat maps. It
helps visualize the Earth's rotation and the relationship between different locations on the planet.
Understanding Coordinates
Market Example
Like giving directions in a market using
row and shop numbers, coordinates
help locate places on Earth.
Chessboard Analogy
A chessboard uses letters and
numbers to identify squares, similar
to how coordinates work on maps.
Map Coordinates
Latitude and longitude form a
coordinate system to precisely locate
any place on Earth.
Coordinates are used to precisely determine locations. This system is similar to how we might give directions in a market
or record moves on a chessboard. On Earth, we use latitude and longitude as our coordinate system.
Latitudes
Ecuador
Ecuador is the starting
point for measuring
latitude, located at 0°.
Latitude Parallels
Imaginary lines that extend
from east to west, parallel
to the Equator, form circles
around the Earth.
Measurement
Latitudes are measured in
degrees, from 0° at the
Equator to 90°N at the
North Pole and 90°S at the
South Pole.
Connection to Climate
Latitude influences the
climate: equatorial regions
are warm, mid-latitudes
have temperate climates,
and near the poles the
temperatures are cold.
Latitude indicates the distance north or south of the Equator. It is fundamental for determining the climate and locating
places on the planet.
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