PPT: International Laws & IPR | Legal Reasoning for CLAT PDF Download

 Page 1


International Law
Page 2


International Law
International Law
Private International Law
Also known as 'conflict of laws, ' private 
international law determines which country's 
law should apply to a particular dispute. It is 
primarily deployed by domestic courts when 
cases involve multiple jurisdictions.
Public International Law
Public international law governs the structure 
and conduct of sovereign states, 
intergovernmental organizations, and 
international bodies. It establishes 
frameworks for diplomatic relations, treaty 
obligations, and global governance.
Page 3


International Law
International Law
Private International Law
Also known as 'conflict of laws, ' private 
international law determines which country's 
law should apply to a particular dispute. It is 
primarily deployed by domestic courts when 
cases involve multiple jurisdictions.
Public International Law
Public international law governs the structure 
and conduct of sovereign states, 
intergovernmental organizations, and 
international bodies. It establishes 
frameworks for diplomatic relations, treaty 
obligations, and global governance.
History of Public 
International Law
Ancient 
Foundations
Based on Greek 
city-state practices 
and Roman law. The 
ius gentium 
established early 
cross-border 
principles.
Birth of Modern 
Theory
Grotius' 1625 De 
Jure Belli Ac Pacis 
defined warfare and 
interstate rules, 
founding modern 
international legal 
theory.
Nation-State System
The 1648 Peace of Westphalia established 
sovereign states and their relations, creating the 
foundation of today's international order.
Page 4


International Law
International Law
Private International Law
Also known as 'conflict of laws, ' private 
international law determines which country's 
law should apply to a particular dispute. It is 
primarily deployed by domestic courts when 
cases involve multiple jurisdictions.
Public International Law
Public international law governs the structure 
and conduct of sovereign states, 
intergovernmental organizations, and 
international bodies. It establishes 
frameworks for diplomatic relations, treaty 
obligations, and global governance.
History of Public 
International Law
Ancient 
Foundations
Based on Greek 
city-state practices 
and Roman law. The 
ius gentium 
established early 
cross-border 
principles.
Birth of Modern 
Theory
Grotius' 1625 De 
Jure Belli Ac Pacis 
defined warfare and 
interstate rules, 
founding modern 
international legal 
theory.
Nation-State System
The 1648 Peace of Westphalia established 
sovereign states and their relations, creating the 
foundation of today's international order.
What are the components of 
International Law?
Custom
Unwritten rules established 
through consistent state 
practices followed as legal 
obligations, becoming binding 
through widespread 
acceptance.
Treaties
Formal state agreements 
creating specific legal 
obligations. May be bilateral 
(two states) or multilateral 
(multiple states), defining 
rights and responsibilities.
General Principles
Core legal concepts 
recognized across major legal 
systems, including good faith 
and equity, filling gaps in 
treaty and customary law.
Subsidiary sources include judicial decisions and scholarly writings that help interpret these 
primary sources.
Page 5


International Law
International Law
Private International Law
Also known as 'conflict of laws, ' private 
international law determines which country's 
law should apply to a particular dispute. It is 
primarily deployed by domestic courts when 
cases involve multiple jurisdictions.
Public International Law
Public international law governs the structure 
and conduct of sovereign states, 
intergovernmental organizations, and 
international bodies. It establishes 
frameworks for diplomatic relations, treaty 
obligations, and global governance.
History of Public 
International Law
Ancient 
Foundations
Based on Greek 
city-state practices 
and Roman law. The 
ius gentium 
established early 
cross-border 
principles.
Birth of Modern 
Theory
Grotius' 1625 De 
Jure Belli Ac Pacis 
defined warfare and 
interstate rules, 
founding modern 
international legal 
theory.
Nation-State System
The 1648 Peace of Westphalia established 
sovereign states and their relations, creating the 
foundation of today's international order.
What are the components of 
International Law?
Custom
Unwritten rules established 
through consistent state 
practices followed as legal 
obligations, becoming binding 
through widespread 
acceptance.
Treaties
Formal state agreements 
creating specific legal 
obligations. May be bilateral 
(two states) or multilateral 
(multiple states), defining 
rights and responsibilities.
General Principles
Core legal concepts 
recognized across major legal 
systems, including good faith 
and equity, filling gaps in 
treaty and customary law.
Subsidiary sources include judicial decisions and scholarly writings that help interpret these 
primary sources.
Treaties
1
Bilateral 
Treaties
Agreements 
between two 
states creating 
specific 
obligations, such 
as Double 
T axation 
Agreements.
2
Multilateral 
Agreements
Agreements 
between multiple 
nations, including 
UN Charter, 
Rights Covenant, 
Refugee 
Convention, and 
WTO Agreement.
3
Vienna Convention on the Law of 
Treaties
Established 1969, enforced 1980. Provides 
treaty interpretation rules. Ratified by 110 
nations (2009).