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FAQs on Concepts And Forms Of Social Mobility - Sociology Optional for UPSC (Notes)
| 1. What is social mobility and why is it important? |  |
Ans. Social mobility refers to the ability of individuals or groups to move up or down the social hierarchy, often measured by changes in income, education, or occupational status. It is important because it reflects the fairness and equality of opportunities in a society, indicating the extent to which people can improve their living conditions and social standing through their efforts and achievements.
| 2. What are the different forms of social mobility? | |
Ans. Social mobility can be categorized into several forms:
1. <b>Vertical mobility</b> - Movement up or down the social ladder, such as a person moving from a low-income job to a high-income profession.
2. <b>Horizontal mobility</b> - Movement within the same social level, like changing jobs within the same income bracket.
3. <b>Intergenerational mobility</b> - Changes in social status between different generations within a family, indicating whether children achieve higher or lower status than their parents.
4. <b>Intragenerational mobility</b> - Changes in a person's social status over their lifetime, such as career advancement.
| 3. What factors influence social mobility? | |
Ans. Several factors influence social mobility, including:
1. <b>Education</b> - Access to quality education can enhance an individual's skills and opportunities for better-paying jobs.
2. <b>Economic conditions</b> - A strong economy generally provides more job opportunities, facilitating upward mobility.
3. <b>Social capital</b> - Networks and relationships can provide support and guidance, aiding in career advancement.
4. <b>Government policies</b> - Social welfare programs, affirmative action, and laws promoting equal opportunities can enhance mobility.
| 4. How does social mobility vary across different countries? | |
Ans. Social mobility varies significantly across countries due to differences in economic structures, education systems, cultural values, and government policies. In some Scandinavian countries, for example, high levels of social mobility are supported by strong welfare systems and equitable education. In contrast, in countries with pronounced economic disparities and limited access to quality education, social mobility may be lower.
| 5. What are the implications of low social mobility in a society? | |
Ans. Low social mobility can have several implications, including:
1. <b>Increased inequality</b> - When individuals cannot move up the social ladder, wealth and opportunities become concentrated in certain groups.
2. <b>Social unrest</b> - Perceived lack of opportunity can lead to frustration and discontent among those who feel trapped in low-status positions.
3. <b>Reduced economic growth</b> - A stagnant workforce may lead to inefficiencies, as talent and skills are not utilized to their full potential, hindering overall economic progress.
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Oct 06, 2025
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