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| 1. What are the main theories of the state in political science? |  |
Ans. The main theories of the state in political science include the Social Contract Theory, which proposes that the state is formed through an agreement among individuals; the Marxist Theory, which views the state as an instrument of class oppression; the Pluralist Theory, which sees the state as a neutral arbiter among competing groups; and the Realist Theory, which focuses on the state's role in international relations and power dynamics.
| 2. How does the Social Contract Theory explain the origin of the state? | |
Ans. The Social Contract Theory posits that individuals in a pre-political state come together to form a government to escape the chaos of a lawless society. Philosophers like Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau have different interpretations of this theory, where Hobbes emphasizes absolute authority for peace, Locke advocates for limited government to protect rights, and Rousseau highlights collective will and general will.
| 3. What role does the Marxist Theory attribute to the state? | |
Ans. The Marxist Theory argues that the state is a tool used by the ruling class to maintain control over the working class. It suggests that the state arises from the economic structure of society and serves to protect the interests of capitalists while suppressing the proletariat. This view emphasizes the relationship between economic power and political authority.
| 4. How does Pluralism view the state and its functions? | |
Ans. Pluralism views the state as a neutral entity that mediates among various interest groups in society. According to this theory, power is distributed among many groups, and the state acts as an arbitrator, ensuring that no single group dominates. This perspective emphasizes the importance of democratic processes and the representation of diverse interests in governance.
| 5. What are the critiques of the Realist Theory in relation to the state? | |
Ans. Critics of the Realist Theory argue that it overly focuses on power politics and state-centric approaches, neglecting the roles of non-state actors, international institutions, and ethical considerations in global affairs. Furthermore, it is criticized for its deterministic view of human nature and the international system, which may overlook the potential for cooperation and collective security among states.
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