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FAQs on Liberal and Neo-Liberal Approaches - PSIR Optional for UPSC

1. What are the key differences between liberalism and neo-liberalism in economic policy?
Ans.Liberalism advocates for individual freedoms and social equality, often supporting government intervention to achieve these goals. In contrast, neo-liberalism emphasizes free markets, reduced government spending, and deregulation, focusing on economic growth rather than social welfare.
2. How do liberal and neo-liberal approaches impact social welfare policies?
Ans.Liberal approaches typically support extensive social welfare programs to ensure equality and support for disadvantaged groups. Neo-liberalism, however, often leads to cuts in social spending, arguing that market solutions are more efficient, which can result in increased inequality.
3. In what ways have liberal and neo-liberal policies influenced global trade?
Ans.Liberalism promotes international cooperation and trade agreements, advocating for fair trade practices. Neo-liberalism supports globalization and free trade, often prioritizing corporate interests and reducing tariffs, which can sometimes disadvantage local economies.
4. How do liberal and neo-liberal ideologies differ in their approach to environmental issues?
Ans.Liberalism tends to support stronger regulations and government intervention to protect the environment, viewing it as a public good. Neo-liberalism often prioritizes economic growth over environmental protection, advocating for market-based solutions, which can lead to environmental degradation.
5. Can you explain the role of government in liberal versus neo-liberal frameworks?
Ans.In a liberal framework, the government plays a crucial role in regulating the economy and ensuring social justice. In contrast, the neo-liberal framework advocates for minimal government intervention, promoting the idea that free markets can solve most economic and social issues without state involvement.
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