UPSC Exam > UPSC Notes > Geography Optional for UPSC > Ecology and Ecosystems
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FAQs on Ecology and Ecosystems - Geography Optional for UPSC
| 1. What is the importance of biodiversity in ecosystems? |  |
Ans.Biodiversity is crucial for the stability and resilience of ecosystems. It ensures ecosystem productivity, where a variety of species contribute to the overall health and functioning of the environment. High biodiversity helps ecosystems to withstand environmental stressors and adapt to changes, which is essential for maintaining ecological balance.
| 2. How do human activities impact ecosystems? | |
Ans.Human activities such as deforestation, pollution, urbanization, and climate change significantly affect ecosystems. These actions can lead to habitat destruction, loss of species, and disruption of ecological processes. The consequences can be severe, including decreased biodiversity, altered water cycles, and increased greenhouse gas emissions, which further exacerbate climate change.
| 3. What are the different types of ecosystems? | |
Ans.Ecosystems can be broadly classified into terrestrial and aquatic systems. Terrestrial ecosystems include forests, grasslands, deserts, and tundras, each characterized by specific climate conditions and plant communities. Aquatic ecosystems encompass freshwater (lakes, rivers) and marine (oceans, coral reefs) environments, each supporting unique species and ecological functions.
| 4. What role do producers, consumers, and decomposers play in ecosystems? | |
Ans.Producers, primarily plants, convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis, forming the base of the food chain. Consumers, including herbivores and carnivores, obtain energy by eating plants or other animals. Decomposers, like fungi and bacteria, break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem, which is vital for soil health and plant growth.
| 5. What measures can be taken to conserve ecosystems? | |
Ans.Conservation measures include establishing protected areas, restoring degraded habitats, implementing sustainable resource management practices, and promoting biodiversity-friendly policies. Public awareness and education about the importance of ecosystems and biodiversity are also essential in fostering a culture of conservation and ensuring the sustainable use of natural resources.
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Sep 22, 2025
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