NCERT Textbook: Indian Classical Music | Arts (Kriti) Class 8 - New NCERT PDF Download

 Page 1


CARNATIC MUSIC
There are seven main talas 
in Carnatic music. They are:
An important set of vocal exercises to build vocal 
strength and understand talas is the sapta-tala 
alankaras, three of which were introduced in Grade 7. 
In Grade 8, we will learn to sing and keep tala for the  
remaining four  —
Mishra Jathi Jhampa Talam Alankaram
I
7
 U 0 = 7 + 1 + 2 = 10 Beats
7 
Indian  
Classical Music 
1. Dhruva 
2. Mattya 
3. Rupaka 
4. Jhampa 
5. Triputa 
6. Ata 
7. Eka
The three main parts or angas that make up a 
tala are:
1.	 Laghu 	(clap	and	 ??nger 	 counts): 	 notated	I
2.	 Drutam	 (clap 	 and	wave):	 notated	as	O
3.	 Anudrutam 	 (beat): 	notated	as	U
Note: There can be di??erent numbers of beats in a laghu, 
which is known as jathi. Also, not all talas have all angas.  
I
7
0
S R G
S R S R
|
G
|
M ,
R G M R G R G
|
M
|
P ,
G M P
G M G M
|
P
|
D ,
M P D M P M P
|
D
|
N ,
P D N P D P D
|
N
|
S ,
S N D S N S N
|
D
|
P ,
N D P N D N D
|
P
|
M ,
D P M D P D P
|
M
|
G ,
P M G P M P M
|
G
|
R ,
M G R M G M G
|
R
|
S
ch7_MUSIC.indd   75 ch7_MUSIC.indd   75 27-06-2025   17:27:11 27-06-2025   17:27:11
Page 2


CARNATIC MUSIC
There are seven main talas 
in Carnatic music. They are:
An important set of vocal exercises to build vocal 
strength and understand talas is the sapta-tala 
alankaras, three of which were introduced in Grade 7. 
In Grade 8, we will learn to sing and keep tala for the  
remaining four  —
Mishra Jathi Jhampa Talam Alankaram
I
7
 U 0 = 7 + 1 + 2 = 10 Beats
7 
Indian  
Classical Music 
1. Dhruva 
2. Mattya 
3. Rupaka 
4. Jhampa 
5. Triputa 
6. Ata 
7. Eka
The three main parts or angas that make up a 
tala are:
1.	 Laghu 	(clap	and	 ??nger 	 counts): 	 notated	I
2.	 Drutam	 (clap 	 and	wave):	 notated	as	O
3.	 Anudrutam 	 (beat): 	notated	as	U
Note: There can be di??erent numbers of beats in a laghu, 
which is known as jathi. Also, not all talas have all angas.  
I
7
0
S R G
S R S R
|
G
|
M ,
R G M R G R G
|
M
|
P ,
G M P
G M G M
|
P
|
D ,
M P D M P M P
|
D
|
N ,
P D N P D P D
|
N
|
S ,
S N D S N S N
|
D
|
P ,
N D P N D N D
|
P
|
M ,
D P M D P D P
|
M
|
G ,
P M G P M P M
|
G
|
R ,
M G R M G M G
|
R
|
S
ch7_MUSIC.indd   75 ch7_MUSIC.indd   75 27-06-2025   17:27:11 27-06-2025   17:27:11
76  |  KRITI
Thrisra Jathi Triputa Talam 
Alankaram
I
3
 0 0 = 3 + 2 + 2 = 7 Beats
I
3
0 0
s r g | s r | g m ||
r g m | r g | m p ||
g m p | g m | p d ||
m p d | m p | d n ||
p d n | p d | n S ||
S n d | S n | d p ||
n d p | n d | p m ||
d p m | d p | m g ||
p m g | p m | g r ||
m g r | m g | r s ||
An	 ensemble	of	 (L-R)?—?mridangam,	 morsing,	violin	 and	ghatam
Artists 	pla ying 	the	nadaswar am?—?a	 double	 r eed	wind	instrument	 
fr om 	 South	India
ch7_MUSIC.indd   76 ch7_MUSIC.indd   76 18-Jun-25   12:40:59 PM 18-Jun-25   12:40:59 PM
Page 3


CARNATIC MUSIC
There are seven main talas 
in Carnatic music. They are:
An important set of vocal exercises to build vocal 
strength and understand talas is the sapta-tala 
alankaras, three of which were introduced in Grade 7. 
In Grade 8, we will learn to sing and keep tala for the  
remaining four  —
Mishra Jathi Jhampa Talam Alankaram
I
7
 U 0 = 7 + 1 + 2 = 10 Beats
7 
Indian  
Classical Music 
1. Dhruva 
2. Mattya 
3. Rupaka 
4. Jhampa 
5. Triputa 
6. Ata 
7. Eka
The three main parts or angas that make up a 
tala are:
1.	 Laghu 	(clap	and	 ??nger 	 counts): 	 notated	I
2.	 Drutam	 (clap 	 and	wave):	 notated	as	O
3.	 Anudrutam 	 (beat): 	notated	as	U
Note: There can be di??erent numbers of beats in a laghu, 
which is known as jathi. Also, not all talas have all angas.  
I
7
0
S R G
S R S R
|
G
|
M ,
R G M R G R G
|
M
|
P ,
G M P
G M G M
|
P
|
D ,
M P D M P M P
|
D
|
N ,
P D N P D P D
|
N
|
S ,
S N D S N S N
|
D
|
P ,
N D P N D N D
|
P
|
M ,
D P M D P D P
|
M
|
G ,
P M G P M P M
|
G
|
R ,
M G R M G M G
|
R
|
S
ch7_MUSIC.indd   75 ch7_MUSIC.indd   75 27-06-2025   17:27:11 27-06-2025   17:27:11
76  |  KRITI
Thrisra Jathi Triputa Talam 
Alankaram
I
3
 0 0 = 3 + 2 + 2 = 7 Beats
I
3
0 0
s r g | s r | g m ||
r g m | r g | m p ||
g m p | g m | p d ||
m p d | m p | d n ||
p d n | p d | n S ||
S n d | S n | d p ||
n d p | n d | p m ||
d p m | d p | m g ||
p m g | p m | g r ||
m g r | m g | r s ||
An	 ensemble	of	 (L-R)?—?mridangam,	 morsing,	violin	 and	ghatam
Artists 	pla ying 	the	nadaswar am?—?a	 double	 r eed	wind	instrument	 
fr om 	 South	India
ch7_MUSIC.indd   76 ch7_MUSIC.indd   76 18-Jun-25   12:40:59 PM 18-Jun-25   12:40:59 PM
77  |  Indian Classical Music
Students 	 singing	and	 pla ying 	instruments
Khanda Jathi Ata Talam Alankram 
I
5
 I
5
 0 0 = 5 + 5 + 2 + 2 = 14 Beats
I5 I5 0 0
s r , g , | s , r g , | m , | m , ||
r g , m , | r , g m , | p , | p , ||
g m , p , | g , m p , | d , | d , ||
m p , d , | m , p d , | n , | n , ||
p d , n , | p , d n , | S , | S , ||
S n , d , | S , n d , | p , | p , ||
n d , p , | n , d p , | m , | m , ||
d p , m , | d , p m , | g , | g , ||
p m , g , | p , m g , | r , | r , ||
m g , r , | m , g r , | s , | s , ||
Chatushra Jathi Eka Talam
Alankaram: I
4
 = 4 Beats
I
4
s r g m ||
r g m p ||
g m p d ||
m p d n ||
p d n S ||
S n d p ||
n d p m ||
d p m g ||
p m g r ||
m g r s ||
ch7_MUSIC.indd   77 ch7_MUSIC.indd   77 18-Jun-25   12:40:59 PM 18-Jun-25   12:40:59 PM
Page 4


CARNATIC MUSIC
There are seven main talas 
in Carnatic music. They are:
An important set of vocal exercises to build vocal 
strength and understand talas is the sapta-tala 
alankaras, three of which were introduced in Grade 7. 
In Grade 8, we will learn to sing and keep tala for the  
remaining four  —
Mishra Jathi Jhampa Talam Alankaram
I
7
 U 0 = 7 + 1 + 2 = 10 Beats
7 
Indian  
Classical Music 
1. Dhruva 
2. Mattya 
3. Rupaka 
4. Jhampa 
5. Triputa 
6. Ata 
7. Eka
The three main parts or angas that make up a 
tala are:
1.	 Laghu 	(clap	and	 ??nger 	 counts): 	 notated	I
2.	 Drutam	 (clap 	 and	wave):	 notated	as	O
3.	 Anudrutam 	 (beat): 	notated	as	U
Note: There can be di??erent numbers of beats in a laghu, 
which is known as jathi. Also, not all talas have all angas.  
I
7
0
S R G
S R S R
|
G
|
M ,
R G M R G R G
|
M
|
P ,
G M P
G M G M
|
P
|
D ,
M P D M P M P
|
D
|
N ,
P D N P D P D
|
N
|
S ,
S N D S N S N
|
D
|
P ,
N D P N D N D
|
P
|
M ,
D P M D P D P
|
M
|
G ,
P M G P M P M
|
G
|
R ,
M G R M G M G
|
R
|
S
ch7_MUSIC.indd   75 ch7_MUSIC.indd   75 27-06-2025   17:27:11 27-06-2025   17:27:11
76  |  KRITI
Thrisra Jathi Triputa Talam 
Alankaram
I
3
 0 0 = 3 + 2 + 2 = 7 Beats
I
3
0 0
s r g | s r | g m ||
r g m | r g | m p ||
g m p | g m | p d ||
m p d | m p | d n ||
p d n | p d | n S ||
S n d | S n | d p ||
n d p | n d | p m ||
d p m | d p | m g ||
p m g | p m | g r ||
m g r | m g | r s ||
An	 ensemble	of	 (L-R)?—?mridangam,	 morsing,	violin	 and	ghatam
Artists 	pla ying 	the	nadaswar am?—?a	 double	 r eed	wind	instrument	 
fr om 	 South	India
ch7_MUSIC.indd   76 ch7_MUSIC.indd   76 18-Jun-25   12:40:59 PM 18-Jun-25   12:40:59 PM
77  |  Indian Classical Music
Students 	 singing	and	 pla ying 	instruments
Khanda Jathi Ata Talam Alankram 
I
5
 I
5
 0 0 = 5 + 5 + 2 + 2 = 14 Beats
I5 I5 0 0
s r , g , | s , r g , | m , | m , ||
r g , m , | r , g m , | p , | p , ||
g m , p , | g , m p , | d , | d , ||
m p , d , | m , p d , | n , | n , ||
p d , n , | p , d n , | S , | S , ||
S n , d , | S , n d , | p , | p , ||
n d , p , | n , d p , | m , | m , ||
d p , m , | d , p m , | g , | g , ||
p m , g , | p , m g , | r , | r , ||
m g , r , | m , g r , | s , | s , ||
Chatushra Jathi Eka Talam
Alankaram: I
4
 = 4 Beats
I
4
s r g m ||
r g m p ||
g m p d ||
m p d n ||
p d n S ||
S n d p ||
n d p m ||
d p m g ||
p m g r ||
m g r s ||
ch7_MUSIC.indd   77 ch7_MUSIC.indd   77 18-Jun-25   12:40:59 PM 18-Jun-25   12:40:59 PM
78  |  KRITI
Sri Gananathan Bhajare
Ragam:	Ishamanohari
T alam: 	 Rupaka	
Composer: Muthuswami Dikshitar
Ar ohanam: S R2 G3 M1 P D2 N2 ?
A var ohanam: ? N2 D2 P M1 G3 M1 R2 S
Pallavi
1 S , R G R , || R , G M P , ||
Sr i Ga na na || th am Bha ja re ||
N , D P M , || G , R S ?
3
, ||
ch it ta Pa ra a || sh Ak ti yu th am ||
2 S , R G R , || R , G M P , ||
Sri Ga na na || th am Bha ja re ||
?NN, D P M , || G , R S ?
3
, ||
Chit ta Pa raa || sh ak ti yu th am || (sri)
SRI GANANATHAM BHAJARE
Before singing this song, sing 
the ar ohana 	 and the avar ohana. 
Try keeping the tala as you 
sing the composition. 
Rupaka tala is a rhythm 
cycle of 6 beats.:
DO YOU 
KNOW?
This composition is a kriti.  
There are three main parts of 
a kriti: pallavi, anupallavi and 
charanam. After singing the 
anupallavi, you return to the 
pallavi line. And after singing 
the charanam, you return 
to the pallavi line again. 
This kriti has an additional 
portion in madhayama kala, 
which is sung twice as fast as 
the rest of the composition.
ch7_MUSIC.indd   78 ch7_MUSIC.indd   78 18-Jun-25   12:40:59 PM 18-Jun-25   12:40:59 PM
Page 5


CARNATIC MUSIC
There are seven main talas 
in Carnatic music. They are:
An important set of vocal exercises to build vocal 
strength and understand talas is the sapta-tala 
alankaras, three of which were introduced in Grade 7. 
In Grade 8, we will learn to sing and keep tala for the  
remaining four  —
Mishra Jathi Jhampa Talam Alankaram
I
7
 U 0 = 7 + 1 + 2 = 10 Beats
7 
Indian  
Classical Music 
1. Dhruva 
2. Mattya 
3. Rupaka 
4. Jhampa 
5. Triputa 
6. Ata 
7. Eka
The three main parts or angas that make up a 
tala are:
1.	 Laghu 	(clap	and	 ??nger 	 counts): 	 notated	I
2.	 Drutam	 (clap 	 and	wave):	 notated	as	O
3.	 Anudrutam 	 (beat): 	notated	as	U
Note: There can be di??erent numbers of beats in a laghu, 
which is known as jathi. Also, not all talas have all angas.  
I
7
0
S R G
S R S R
|
G
|
M ,
R G M R G R G
|
M
|
P ,
G M P
G M G M
|
P
|
D ,
M P D M P M P
|
D
|
N ,
P D N P D P D
|
N
|
S ,
S N D S N S N
|
D
|
P ,
N D P N D N D
|
P
|
M ,
D P M D P D P
|
M
|
G ,
P M G P M P M
|
G
|
R ,
M G R M G M G
|
R
|
S
ch7_MUSIC.indd   75 ch7_MUSIC.indd   75 27-06-2025   17:27:11 27-06-2025   17:27:11
76  |  KRITI
Thrisra Jathi Triputa Talam 
Alankaram
I
3
 0 0 = 3 + 2 + 2 = 7 Beats
I
3
0 0
s r g | s r | g m ||
r g m | r g | m p ||
g m p | g m | p d ||
m p d | m p | d n ||
p d n | p d | n S ||
S n d | S n | d p ||
n d p | n d | p m ||
d p m | d p | m g ||
p m g | p m | g r ||
m g r | m g | r s ||
An	 ensemble	of	 (L-R)?—?mridangam,	 morsing,	violin	 and	ghatam
Artists 	pla ying 	the	nadaswar am?—?a	 double	 r eed	wind	instrument	 
fr om 	 South	India
ch7_MUSIC.indd   76 ch7_MUSIC.indd   76 18-Jun-25   12:40:59 PM 18-Jun-25   12:40:59 PM
77  |  Indian Classical Music
Students 	 singing	and	 pla ying 	instruments
Khanda Jathi Ata Talam Alankram 
I
5
 I
5
 0 0 = 5 + 5 + 2 + 2 = 14 Beats
I5 I5 0 0
s r , g , | s , r g , | m , | m , ||
r g , m , | r , g m , | p , | p , ||
g m , p , | g , m p , | d , | d , ||
m p , d , | m , p d , | n , | n , ||
p d , n , | p , d n , | S , | S , ||
S n , d , | S , n d , | p , | p , ||
n d , p , | n , d p , | m , | m , ||
d p , m , | d , p m , | g , | g , ||
p m , g , | p , m g , | r , | r , ||
m g , r , | m , g r , | s , | s , ||
Chatushra Jathi Eka Talam
Alankaram: I
4
 = 4 Beats
I
4
s r g m ||
r g m p ||
g m p d ||
m p d n ||
p d n S ||
S n d p ||
n d p m ||
d p m g ||
p m g r ||
m g r s ||
ch7_MUSIC.indd   77 ch7_MUSIC.indd   77 18-Jun-25   12:40:59 PM 18-Jun-25   12:40:59 PM
78  |  KRITI
Sri Gananathan Bhajare
Ragam:	Ishamanohari
T alam: 	 Rupaka	
Composer: Muthuswami Dikshitar
Ar ohanam: S R2 G3 M1 P D2 N2 ?
A var ohanam: ? N2 D2 P M1 G3 M1 R2 S
Pallavi
1 S , R G R , || R , G M P , ||
Sr i Ga na na || th am Bha ja re ||
N , D P M , || G , R S ?
3
, ||
ch it ta Pa ra a || sh Ak ti yu th am ||
2 S , R G R , || R , G M P , ||
Sri Ga na na || th am Bha ja re ||
?NN, D P M , || G , R S ?
3
, ||
Chit ta Pa raa || sh ak ti yu th am || (sri)
SRI GANANATHAM BHAJARE
Before singing this song, sing 
the ar ohana 	 and the avar ohana. 
Try keeping the tala as you 
sing the composition. 
Rupaka tala is a rhythm 
cycle of 6 beats.:
DO YOU 
KNOW?
This composition is a kriti.  
There are three main parts of 
a kriti: pallavi, anupallavi and 
charanam. After singing the 
anupallavi, you return to the 
pallavi line. And after singing 
the charanam, you return 
to the pallavi line again. 
This kriti has an additional 
portion in madhayama kala, 
which is sung twice as fast as 
the rest of the composition.
ch7_MUSIC.indd   78 ch7_MUSIC.indd   78 18-Jun-25   12:40:59 PM 18-Jun-25   12:40:59 PM
79  |  Indian Classical Music
Anupallavi
G , G-M , M || P , ? N ? , ||
Naa gaYag Na || su tra Dha ram ||
N , D N P , || M , G R S ?3 ||
Na da La yaa || nan da ka ram ||
G , G-M , M || P , ? N ?,,? ||
Naa gaYag na || su traDha ram ||
?NN, D N P , || M , G R S ?3 ||
Na da La yaa || nan da Ka ra m || (sri)
MaDhyama kalam
? , ? , N , D , N D P M || G M P , D P D N ? N ? , ||
Ra ga dwesha diRahita || RamaneeyaHrdaya Viditham ||
R , G ? ? G - ? , N D P || N , N , D - P M G , R S M
3
||
SirGuruguhaSan muditam || Chinmu laKamalasthitham || (sri)
ch7_MUSIC.indd   79 ch7_MUSIC.indd   79 18-Jun-25   12:40:59 PM 18-Jun-25   12:40:59 PM