PPT: Space Technology | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE PDF Download

 Page 1


Space 
Technology
Page 2


Space 
Technology
Introduction to Space Technology
Space technology encompasses the tools, systems, and vehicles designed to operate 
beyond Earth's atmosphere for exploration, communication, and observation purposes.
Importance for India
National development and security
Communication infrastructure
Weather forecasting capabilities
Self-reliance in navigation technology
Page 3


Space 
Technology
Introduction to Space Technology
Space technology encompasses the tools, systems, and vehicles designed to operate 
beyond Earth's atmosphere for exploration, communication, and observation purposes.
Importance for India
National development and security
Communication infrastructure
Weather forecasting capabilities
Self-reliance in navigation technology
What is Space? The Final Frontier
The Kármán Line
Officially marks the 
beginning of space at 
100 km (62 miles) above 
Earth's mean sea level
Physical 
Properties
Near-perfect vacuum 
with no atmosphere, 
extreme temperatures, 
and cosmic radiation
Legal Status
Considered a global 
commons governed by 
international space law 
and treaties
Space exploration represents humanity's greatest adventure beyond our home planet, 
pushing the boundaries of our knowledge and technological capabilities.
Page 4


Space 
Technology
Introduction to Space Technology
Space technology encompasses the tools, systems, and vehicles designed to operate 
beyond Earth's atmosphere for exploration, communication, and observation purposes.
Importance for India
National development and security
Communication infrastructure
Weather forecasting capabilities
Self-reliance in navigation technology
What is Space? The Final Frontier
The Kármán Line
Officially marks the 
beginning of space at 
100 km (62 miles) above 
Earth's mean sea level
Physical 
Properties
Near-perfect vacuum 
with no atmosphere, 
extreme temperatures, 
and cosmic radiation
Legal Status
Considered a global 
commons governed by 
international space law 
and treaties
Space exploration represents humanity's greatest adventure beyond our home planet, 
pushing the boundaries of our knowledge and technological capabilities.
The Universe & Space Science Basics
Cosmic Timeline
The universe is approximately 13.8 billion 
years old, containing over 100 billion galaxies, 
each with billions of stars.
Big Bang Theory
The prevailing cosmological model describing 
the origin of the universe from an extremely 
hot, dense singularity that expanded rapidly.
Key Concepts
Redshift: Light from distant galaxies 
appears redder due to the Doppler effect, 
indicating universe expansion
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB): 
Remnant electromagnetic radiation from 
the early universe
Gravitational Waves: Ripples in spacetime 
caused by violent cosmic events
Page 5


Space 
Technology
Introduction to Space Technology
Space technology encompasses the tools, systems, and vehicles designed to operate 
beyond Earth's atmosphere for exploration, communication, and observation purposes.
Importance for India
National development and security
Communication infrastructure
Weather forecasting capabilities
Self-reliance in navigation technology
What is Space? The Final Frontier
The Kármán Line
Officially marks the 
beginning of space at 
100 km (62 miles) above 
Earth's mean sea level
Physical 
Properties
Near-perfect vacuum 
with no atmosphere, 
extreme temperatures, 
and cosmic radiation
Legal Status
Considered a global 
commons governed by 
international space law 
and treaties
Space exploration represents humanity's greatest adventure beyond our home planet, 
pushing the boundaries of our knowledge and technological capabilities.
The Universe & Space Science Basics
Cosmic Timeline
The universe is approximately 13.8 billion 
years old, containing over 100 billion galaxies, 
each with billions of stars.
Big Bang Theory
The prevailing cosmological model describing 
the origin of the universe from an extremely 
hot, dense singularity that expanded rapidly.
Key Concepts
Redshift: Light from distant galaxies 
appears redder due to the Doppler effect, 
indicating universe expansion
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB): 
Remnant electromagnetic radiation from 
the early universe
Gravitational Waves: Ripples in spacetime 
caused by violent cosmic events
Satellites and Orbits: The Backbone 
of Space Tech
1
Geostationary Orbit (GEO)
36,000 km above Earth's equator, 
satellites here orbit at the same rate 
as Earth's rotation, appearing fixed in 
the sky. Ideal for communication and 
weather satellites.
2
Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
Between 200-2,000 km above Earth. 
Most human spaceflight, the ISS, and 
Earth observation satellites operate 
here. Provides high-resolution 
imagery but requires more satellites 
for continuous coverage.
3
Polar/Sun-Synchronous Orbit
Passes over both poles, covering the entire Earth as it rotates below. Sun-
synchronous orbits maintain the same lighting conditions for consistent Earth 
observation data.