PPT: Human Geography | Geography for UPSC CSE PDF Download

 Page 1


Human 
Geography
Page 2


Human 
Geography
What is Human Geography?
Human Geography explores the intricate relationship between humans and their environment, 
examining how people interact with and transform the spaces around them. It's the study of how we as 
humans have created the world we live in today.
Unlike physical geography that focuses on natural features, human geography centers on how people 
shape and are shaped by their surroundings.
1
Cultural Patterns
Languages, religions, arts, 
and social structures that 
define human communities
2
Economic Activities
How humans produce, 
distribute and consume 
goods and services
3
Settlements
Where and how people 
choose to live, from rural 
villages to megacities
Page 3


Human 
Geography
What is Human Geography?
Human Geography explores the intricate relationship between humans and their environment, 
examining how people interact with and transform the spaces around them. It's the study of how we as 
humans have created the world we live in today.
Unlike physical geography that focuses on natural features, human geography centers on how people 
shape and are shaped by their surroundings.
1
Cultural Patterns
Languages, religions, arts, 
and social structures that 
define human communities
2
Economic Activities
How humans produce, 
distribute and consume 
goods and services
3
Settlements
Where and how people 
choose to live, from rural 
villages to megacities
Nature and Scope of Human Geography
Environmental 
Determinism
Theory that physical 
environment shapes human 
culture and development
Possibilism
Humans can adapt to their 
environment through culture 
and technology
Neo-determinism
Modern approach recognizing both environmental influence and 
human agency
Humanisation of nature refers to how societies transform landscapes 
through agriculture, mining, urbanization, and infrastructure 
development.
Page 4


Human 
Geography
What is Human Geography?
Human Geography explores the intricate relationship between humans and their environment, 
examining how people interact with and transform the spaces around them. It's the study of how we as 
humans have created the world we live in today.
Unlike physical geography that focuses on natural features, human geography centers on how people 
shape and are shaped by their surroundings.
1
Cultural Patterns
Languages, religions, arts, 
and social structures that 
define human communities
2
Economic Activities
How humans produce, 
distribute and consume 
goods and services
3
Settlements
Where and how people 
choose to live, from rural 
villages to megacities
Nature and Scope of Human Geography
Environmental 
Determinism
Theory that physical 
environment shapes human 
culture and development
Possibilism
Humans can adapt to their 
environment through culture 
and technology
Neo-determinism
Modern approach recognizing both environmental influence and 
human agency
Humanisation of nature refers to how societies transform landscapes 
through agriculture, mining, urbanization, and infrastructure 
development.
Population Geography
As of 2022, the world¾s population crossed 8 billion, unevenly distributed across Earth¾s surface.
60% of people live in Asia
90% of humanity lives in the Northern Hemisphere
50% live within 120 miles of a coast
Population density measures how many people live in a given area, typically expressed as persons per square 
kilometer/mile.
Key Influencing Factors
Climate
Moderate climates attract denser 
settlement than extreme hot/cold 
regions
Water & Resources
Settlements concentrate near 
freshwater and natural resources
Economic Factors
Job opportunities drive population 
concentration in urban centers
Page 5


Human 
Geography
What is Human Geography?
Human Geography explores the intricate relationship between humans and their environment, 
examining how people interact with and transform the spaces around them. It's the study of how we as 
humans have created the world we live in today.
Unlike physical geography that focuses on natural features, human geography centers on how people 
shape and are shaped by their surroundings.
1
Cultural Patterns
Languages, religions, arts, 
and social structures that 
define human communities
2
Economic Activities
How humans produce, 
distribute and consume 
goods and services
3
Settlements
Where and how people 
choose to live, from rural 
villages to megacities
Nature and Scope of Human Geography
Environmental 
Determinism
Theory that physical 
environment shapes human 
culture and development
Possibilism
Humans can adapt to their 
environment through culture 
and technology
Neo-determinism
Modern approach recognizing both environmental influence and 
human agency
Humanisation of nature refers to how societies transform landscapes 
through agriculture, mining, urbanization, and infrastructure 
development.
Population Geography
As of 2022, the world¾s population crossed 8 billion, unevenly distributed across Earth¾s surface.
60% of people live in Asia
90% of humanity lives in the Northern Hemisphere
50% live within 120 miles of a coast
Population density measures how many people live in a given area, typically expressed as persons per square 
kilometer/mile.
Key Influencing Factors
Climate
Moderate climates attract denser 
settlement than extreme hot/cold 
regions
Water & Resources
Settlements concentrate near 
freshwater and natural resources
Economic Factors
Job opportunities drive population 
concentration in urban centers
Population Growth and Dynamics
8B
Current Population
World population reached 8 
billion in November 2022
9.7B
2050 Projection
Expected global population by 
mid-century
1.1%
Annual Growth Rate
Current rate, down from peak of 2.1% in 
the 1960s
Natural growth rate = Birth rate - Death rate
This formula explains population change before accounting for 
migration
Demographic Transition Model
Shows how populations evolve as societies 
develop economically and technologically