PPT: Nuclear Energy and Renewable Energy | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE PDF Download

 Page 1


Nuclear Energy 
and 
Renewable 
Energy
Page 2


Nuclear Energy 
and 
Renewable 
Energy
Introduction to Energy Sources in 
India
India faces a critical energy challenge as our per capita electricity consumption is expected to double by 
2035. This growth requires reliable, sustainable solutions that balance:
Growing energy demand from industrialization
Climate commitments and environmental protection
Energy security and independence
Nuclear and renewable energy represent two critical pillars in India's energy transition strategy, each with 
unique advantages for our development pathway.
Page 3


Nuclear Energy 
and 
Renewable 
Energy
Introduction to Energy Sources in 
India
India faces a critical energy challenge as our per capita electricity consumption is expected to double by 
2035. This growth requires reliable, sustainable solutions that balance:
Growing energy demand from industrialization
Climate commitments and environmental protection
Energy security and independence
Nuclear and renewable energy represent two critical pillars in India's energy transition strategy, each with 
unique advantages for our development pathway.
What is Nuclear Energy?
Nuclear Fission
Energy released when atomic 
nuclei split, releasing heat to 
generate electricity
Reactor Process
Heat from fission ³ Steam 
generation ³ Turbines rotation 
³ Electricity production
India's Capacity
Current: 8.18 GW (2025)
Target: 100 GW by 2047
Page 4


Nuclear Energy 
and 
Renewable 
Energy
Introduction to Energy Sources in 
India
India faces a critical energy challenge as our per capita electricity consumption is expected to double by 
2035. This growth requires reliable, sustainable solutions that balance:
Growing energy demand from industrialization
Climate commitments and environmental protection
Energy security and independence
Nuclear and renewable energy represent two critical pillars in India's energy transition strategy, each with 
unique advantages for our development pathway.
What is Nuclear Energy?
Nuclear Fission
Energy released when atomic 
nuclei split, releasing heat to 
generate electricity
Reactor Process
Heat from fission ³ Steam 
generation ³ Turbines rotation 
³ Electricity production
India's Capacity
Current: 8.18 GW (2025)
Target: 100 GW by 2047
India's Nuclear Energy Journey
1
1 9 5 0 s
Dr. Homi Bhabha establishes India's Three-Stage 
Nuclear Programme for energy security
2
1 9 5 6 - 1 9 6 3
First research reactor Apsara (1956) and power 
reactor at Tarapur (1963) established
3
1 9 7 4 - 1 9 9 8
International isolation after nuclear tests, forcing 
indigenous development
4 2 0 0 8
US-India Civil Nuclear Agreement opens door for 
global cooperation
5 2 0 2 5 - 2 0 4 7
Expansion phase: From 8.18 GW to targeted 100 GW 
capacity
India's nuclear journey reflects our commitment to technological self-reliance while navigating complex global politics.
Page 5


Nuclear Energy 
and 
Renewable 
Energy
Introduction to Energy Sources in 
India
India faces a critical energy challenge as our per capita electricity consumption is expected to double by 
2035. This growth requires reliable, sustainable solutions that balance:
Growing energy demand from industrialization
Climate commitments and environmental protection
Energy security and independence
Nuclear and renewable energy represent two critical pillars in India's energy transition strategy, each with 
unique advantages for our development pathway.
What is Nuclear Energy?
Nuclear Fission
Energy released when atomic 
nuclei split, releasing heat to 
generate electricity
Reactor Process
Heat from fission ³ Steam 
generation ³ Turbines rotation 
³ Electricity production
India's Capacity
Current: 8.18 GW (2025)
Target: 100 GW by 2047
India's Nuclear Energy Journey
1
1 9 5 0 s
Dr. Homi Bhabha establishes India's Three-Stage 
Nuclear Programme for energy security
2
1 9 5 6 - 1 9 6 3
First research reactor Apsara (1956) and power 
reactor at Tarapur (1963) established
3
1 9 7 4 - 1 9 9 8
International isolation after nuclear tests, forcing 
indigenous development
4 2 0 0 8
US-India Civil Nuclear Agreement opens door for 
global cooperation
5 2 0 2 5 - 2 0 4 7
Expansion phase: From 8.18 GW to targeted 100 GW 
capacity
India's nuclear journey reflects our commitment to technological self-reliance while navigating complex global politics.
Nuclear Fuel Resources 
in India
Uranium 
Resources
Limited domestic deposits in 
Jaduguda (Jharkhand), 
Meghalaya, and Rajasthan
Import dependency from 
Canada, Russia, Kazakhstan, 
and Australia
Inadequate for long-term 
energy security without 
imports
Thorium 
Resources
India holds ~25% of global 
thorium reserves (estimated 
846,000 tonnes)
Abundant in monazite sands 
along coastal regions of 
Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and 
Odisha
Central to Stage 3 of 
Bhabha's vision using 
advanced thorium breeder 
reactors
India's thorium abundance is strategically vital for long-term energy 
independence, though technological challenges remain in its efficient 
utilization.