Yojana Magazine August 2025 | Monthly Yojana & Kurukshetra Magazine (English) - UPSC PDF Download

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E d u R e v
Page 2


E d u R e v
1
YOJANA AUGUST 2025: New Frontier of Freedom
1
FREEDOM TO INNOVATE
I. Human Journey of Innovation
• Innovation as a defining trait of Homo sapiens
 ¾ Early humans made stone tools and mastered 
fire.
 ¾Nomadic groups formed settled agrarian 
societies.
• Agricultural revolutions
 ¾ Built irrigation systems.
 ¾ Practised crop rotation.
 ¾ Used selective domestication.
 ¾ These steps raised productivity and supported 
urbanisation and trade.
• Industrial and technological revolutions
 ¾ Introduced machines, steam power, and mass 
production.
 ¾ Led to the digital age, service economies, 
automation, AI, and space exploration.
• Global contributions
 ¾ Different societies added unique ideas and 
capabilities to human progress.
II. India’s Civilisational Ethos of Innovation
• Scholars and knowledge leaders
 ¾Pingala, Brahmagupta, Aryabhata, and 
Bhaskara advanced mathematics, geometry, 
and astronomy.
• Centres of learning
 ¾Nalanda, Vikramashila, Valabhi, and 
Pushpagiri were interdisciplinary hubs.
 ¾They nurtured architecture, metallurgy, 
medicine, Ayurveda, and linguistics.
• Resilience of the knowledge tradition
 ¾ Despite invasions, colonial domination, and 
global disruptions, India’s innovation spirit 
endured.
 ¾This shows depth and resilience in the 
civilisational foundation.
III. Freedom to Innovate and Constitutional Ethos
• Viksit Bharat 2047 and a new meaning of 
freedom
 ¾ Freedom now includes the capacity to create, 
solve problems, and participate in shaping 
society.
• Freedom to innovate = the opportunity, ability, 
and right to build solutions, imagine alternatives, 
and create relevance.
• Expressions of this freedom
 ¾ Converting indigenous wisdom into “glocal 
(global+local)” solutions.
 ¾Atal Tinkering Labs, startups, incubation 
centres.
 ¾ Farm fields practising sustainable agriculture.
• Decentralisation and substantive freedom
 ¾ Innovation is spreading from metro cities to 
rural hinterlands.
 ¾ It extends from startup unicorns to self-help 
groups.
 ¾This fosters development as substantive 
freedom.
• Constitutional linkage
 ¾ Article 14: Right to Equality.
 ¾ Article 21: Right to Life and Dignity.
 ¾ Article 21A: Right to Education.
 ¾ Article 51A: Duty to develop scientific temper 
and reform.
Page 3


E d u R e v
1
YOJANA AUGUST 2025: New Frontier of Freedom
1
FREEDOM TO INNOVATE
I. Human Journey of Innovation
• Innovation as a defining trait of Homo sapiens
 ¾ Early humans made stone tools and mastered 
fire.
 ¾Nomadic groups formed settled agrarian 
societies.
• Agricultural revolutions
 ¾ Built irrigation systems.
 ¾ Practised crop rotation.
 ¾ Used selective domestication.
 ¾ These steps raised productivity and supported 
urbanisation and trade.
• Industrial and technological revolutions
 ¾ Introduced machines, steam power, and mass 
production.
 ¾ Led to the digital age, service economies, 
automation, AI, and space exploration.
• Global contributions
 ¾ Different societies added unique ideas and 
capabilities to human progress.
II. India’s Civilisational Ethos of Innovation
• Scholars and knowledge leaders
 ¾Pingala, Brahmagupta, Aryabhata, and 
Bhaskara advanced mathematics, geometry, 
and astronomy.
• Centres of learning
 ¾Nalanda, Vikramashila, Valabhi, and 
Pushpagiri were interdisciplinary hubs.
 ¾They nurtured architecture, metallurgy, 
medicine, Ayurveda, and linguistics.
• Resilience of the knowledge tradition
 ¾ Despite invasions, colonial domination, and 
global disruptions, India’s innovation spirit 
endured.
 ¾This shows depth and resilience in the 
civilisational foundation.
III. Freedom to Innovate and Constitutional Ethos
• Viksit Bharat 2047 and a new meaning of 
freedom
 ¾ Freedom now includes the capacity to create, 
solve problems, and participate in shaping 
society.
• Freedom to innovate = the opportunity, ability, 
and right to build solutions, imagine alternatives, 
and create relevance.
• Expressions of this freedom
 ¾ Converting indigenous wisdom into “glocal 
(global+local)” solutions.
 ¾Atal Tinkering Labs, startups, incubation 
centres.
 ¾ Farm fields practising sustainable agriculture.
• Decentralisation and substantive freedom
 ¾ Innovation is spreading from metro cities to 
rural hinterlands.
 ¾ It extends from startup unicorns to self-help 
groups.
 ¾This fosters development as substantive 
freedom.
• Constitutional linkage
 ¾ Article 14: Right to Equality.
 ¾ Article 21: Right to Life and Dignity.
 ¾ Article 21A: Right to Education.
 ¾ Article 51A: Duty to develop scientific temper 
and reform.
2
YOJANA AUGUST 2025: New Frontier of Freedom
• Funding architecture (2023–28)
 ¾Target ?50,000 crore via: ANRF Fund, 
Innovation Fund, Science and Engineering 
Research Fund, Special Purpose Fund.
 ¾ ?14,000 crore already provisioned by the 
Central Government.
 ¾Remaining from PSUs, private sector, 
philanthropies, foundations, and international 
bodies.
• Regulatory agility
 ¾ Institutes have procurement autonomy for 
scientific equipment and consumables up to a 
higher threshold.
 ¾ This improves agility and reduces procedural 
delays.
 ¾ Shift to trust-based, inclusive innovation 
governance.
• RDI Scheme (01 July 2025)
 ¾The Union Cabinet approved Research 
Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme 
with ?1 lakh crore corpus.
 ¾ Offers long-term financing or refinancing , 
with long tenors at low or nil interest rates.
 ¾ Purpose: overcome private-sector funding 
barriers; provide growth & risk capital for 
sunrise and strategic sectors.
 ¾ Goals: facilitate innovation, promote 
technology adoption, and enhance 
competitiveness.
 ¾ ANRF will give overarching strategic 
direction to the RDI Scheme.
(iii) Strengthening Grassroots Innovation
• Traditional and regional knowledge systems
 ¾India’s informal sector practises local 
agricultural techniques, farmers’ varieties, 
plant protection, human and animal health 
technologies, local engineering, and textile 
technologies.
 ¾ Innovations often emerge from individuals 
and communities in remote regions.
• National Innovation Foundation-India (NIF)
 ¾ Autonomous institute under DST; scouts and 
nurtures grassroots innovations from ~600 
districts.
 ¾ Provides a complete cycle of support through 
collaborations with industry, research 
institutions, NGOs, and government bodies.
 ¾ Outcomes: 1,400+ patents filed , 120+ 
technology transfers. 
 Several NIF-supported innovators have 
received the Padma Shri.
IV . Broadening the Horizon of Innovation
(i) Strategic Policy Framework and Budgetary Push
•  Union Budget 2025–26: R&D focus
 ¾ ?20,000 crore for R&D in strategic and 
emerging tech: AI, quantum computing, 
biotechnology, semiconductors, clean 
energy.
 ¾ This is not a generic science budget. It backs 
freedom to experiment, to fail, and to 
commercialise.
• Deep-tech financing
 ¾ Complements the ?10,000 crore Deep-tech 
Fund of Funds (FoF) under SIDBI.
 ¾ Deep-tech needs long gestation and bears 
higher risks.
• The government steps in as an early-stage backer 
to democratise innovation finance .
• Talent pipeline
 ¾10,000 PM Research Fellowships with 
?70,000–?80,000 monthly stipends.
 ¾ Goal: attract the brightest minds into science 
and engineering R&D.
 ¾ Message: innovation is a national imperative, 
not a privilege.
(ii) Creation of ANRF and Regulatory Ease
• ANRF establishment (Parliament, 2023)
 ¾ Anusandhan National Research Foundation 
(ANRF) replaces SERB with a wider mandate.
Page 4


E d u R e v
1
YOJANA AUGUST 2025: New Frontier of Freedom
1
FREEDOM TO INNOVATE
I. Human Journey of Innovation
• Innovation as a defining trait of Homo sapiens
 ¾ Early humans made stone tools and mastered 
fire.
 ¾Nomadic groups formed settled agrarian 
societies.
• Agricultural revolutions
 ¾ Built irrigation systems.
 ¾ Practised crop rotation.
 ¾ Used selective domestication.
 ¾ These steps raised productivity and supported 
urbanisation and trade.
• Industrial and technological revolutions
 ¾ Introduced machines, steam power, and mass 
production.
 ¾ Led to the digital age, service economies, 
automation, AI, and space exploration.
• Global contributions
 ¾ Different societies added unique ideas and 
capabilities to human progress.
II. India’s Civilisational Ethos of Innovation
• Scholars and knowledge leaders
 ¾Pingala, Brahmagupta, Aryabhata, and 
Bhaskara advanced mathematics, geometry, 
and astronomy.
• Centres of learning
 ¾Nalanda, Vikramashila, Valabhi, and 
Pushpagiri were interdisciplinary hubs.
 ¾They nurtured architecture, metallurgy, 
medicine, Ayurveda, and linguistics.
• Resilience of the knowledge tradition
 ¾ Despite invasions, colonial domination, and 
global disruptions, India’s innovation spirit 
endured.
 ¾This shows depth and resilience in the 
civilisational foundation.
III. Freedom to Innovate and Constitutional Ethos
• Viksit Bharat 2047 and a new meaning of 
freedom
 ¾ Freedom now includes the capacity to create, 
solve problems, and participate in shaping 
society.
• Freedom to innovate = the opportunity, ability, 
and right to build solutions, imagine alternatives, 
and create relevance.
• Expressions of this freedom
 ¾ Converting indigenous wisdom into “glocal 
(global+local)” solutions.
 ¾Atal Tinkering Labs, startups, incubation 
centres.
 ¾ Farm fields practising sustainable agriculture.
• Decentralisation and substantive freedom
 ¾ Innovation is spreading from metro cities to 
rural hinterlands.
 ¾ It extends from startup unicorns to self-help 
groups.
 ¾This fosters development as substantive 
freedom.
• Constitutional linkage
 ¾ Article 14: Right to Equality.
 ¾ Article 21: Right to Life and Dignity.
 ¾ Article 21A: Right to Education.
 ¾ Article 51A: Duty to develop scientific temper 
and reform.
2
YOJANA AUGUST 2025: New Frontier of Freedom
• Funding architecture (2023–28)
 ¾Target ?50,000 crore via: ANRF Fund, 
Innovation Fund, Science and Engineering 
Research Fund, Special Purpose Fund.
 ¾ ?14,000 crore already provisioned by the 
Central Government.
 ¾Remaining from PSUs, private sector, 
philanthropies, foundations, and international 
bodies.
• Regulatory agility
 ¾ Institutes have procurement autonomy for 
scientific equipment and consumables up to a 
higher threshold.
 ¾ This improves agility and reduces procedural 
delays.
 ¾ Shift to trust-based, inclusive innovation 
governance.
• RDI Scheme (01 July 2025)
 ¾The Union Cabinet approved Research 
Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme 
with ?1 lakh crore corpus.
 ¾ Offers long-term financing or refinancing , 
with long tenors at low or nil interest rates.
 ¾ Purpose: overcome private-sector funding 
barriers; provide growth & risk capital for 
sunrise and strategic sectors.
 ¾ Goals: facilitate innovation, promote 
technology adoption, and enhance 
competitiveness.
 ¾ ANRF will give overarching strategic 
direction to the RDI Scheme.
(iii) Strengthening Grassroots Innovation
• Traditional and regional knowledge systems
 ¾India’s informal sector practises local 
agricultural techniques, farmers’ varieties, 
plant protection, human and animal health 
technologies, local engineering, and textile 
technologies.
 ¾ Innovations often emerge from individuals 
and communities in remote regions.
• National Innovation Foundation-India (NIF)
 ¾ Autonomous institute under DST; scouts and 
nurtures grassroots innovations from ~600 
districts.
 ¾ Provides a complete cycle of support through 
collaborations with industry, research 
institutions, NGOs, and government bodies.
 ¾ Outcomes: 1,400+ patents filed , 120+ 
technology transfers. 
 Several NIF-supported innovators have 
received the Padma Shri.
IV . Broadening the Horizon of Innovation
(i) Strategic Policy Framework and Budgetary Push
•  Union Budget 2025–26: R&D focus
 ¾ ?20,000 crore for R&D in strategic and 
emerging tech: AI, quantum computing, 
biotechnology, semiconductors, clean 
energy.
 ¾ This is not a generic science budget. It backs 
freedom to experiment, to fail, and to 
commercialise.
• Deep-tech financing
 ¾ Complements the ?10,000 crore Deep-tech 
Fund of Funds (FoF) under SIDBI.
 ¾ Deep-tech needs long gestation and bears 
higher risks.
• The government steps in as an early-stage backer 
to democratise innovation finance .
• Talent pipeline
 ¾10,000 PM Research Fellowships with 
?70,000–?80,000 monthly stipends.
 ¾ Goal: attract the brightest minds into science 
and engineering R&D.
 ¾ Message: innovation is a national imperative, 
not a privilege.
(ii) Creation of ANRF and Regulatory Ease
• ANRF establishment (Parliament, 2023)
 ¾ Anusandhan National Research Foundation 
(ANRF) replaces SERB with a wider mandate.
3
YOJANA AUGUST 2025: New Frontier of Freedom
 ¾ This is freedom from invisibility, contrasting 
countries where innovation is limited to 
corporates, elite labs, and top universities.
• Unnat Bharat Abhiyan (Ministry of Education)
 ¾ Connects academic institutions with rural 
India.
 ¾ Institutes adopt clusters of villages, do 
needs assessments, and design contextual 
interventions.
(iv) Digital Public Infrastructure as Platforms of 
Innovation Freedom
• DPI building blocks : Aadhaar, UPI, 
DigiLocker, ONDC enable entrepreneurs and 
developers.
• ONDC outcomes (as of March 2025)
 ¾7+ lakh sellers and service providers 
onboarded; majority are MSMEs.
 ¾ 20.4 crore cumulative transactions.
 ¾ A level playing field versus large platforms.
• Digital economy trajectory
 ¾ State of India’s Digital Economy Report 
2024: India ranks third globally in 
digitalisation.
 ¾ By 2030, the digital economy is projected to 
be nearly one-fifth of the overall economy, 
outpacing traditional sectors.
• India Energy Stack (IES)
 ¾Unified, secure, interoperable digital 
infrastructure for the energy sector, like UPI 
for energy.
 ¾ Integrates renewable energy and enhances 
DISCOM efficiency.
 ¾ Delivers transparent, reliable, future-ready 
power services.
 ¾ Example: a farmer with solar panels feeds 
extra power to the grid and gets direct bank 
payments.
 ¾ DISCOMs can track demand, prevent theft , 
and send timely alerts.
 ¾ Improves reliability and inclusion, supports 
clean energy and Net Zero goals.
(v) Sectoral Deepening: Health, Agriculture, AI, 
Quantum
• Healthcare (digital-first shift)
 ¾ Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM):
 ? 20 crore ABHA accounts.
 ? 3.49 lakh facilities on the Health Facility 
Registry (HFR).
 ? 5.23 lakh professionals on the Healthcare 
Professional Registry (HPR).
 ¾ Enables interoperability, reduces 
redundancy, and eases access to telemedicine, 
e-pharmacies, and AI-supported diagnostics.
 ¾ Pharmaceutical Research Incentive Program 
(PRIP): ?5,000 crore to make India a global 
R&D hub in pharma and MedTech.
 ¾ DHR-ICMR Action Plan 2024–29:
 ? Promote indigenous and affordable health 
technologies.
 ? Provide solutions for resistant health 
problems.
 ? Advance digital health solutions.
 ? Ensure research-led translation into 
action.
 ? Enhance technology-driven surveillance.
 ? Accelerate medical countermeasures.
 Elevate India’s global standing in medical 
research.
• Agriculture (Agriculture 4.0)
 ¾ Employs ~42% of the workforce; contributes 
~18% to GDP .
 ¾ Uses drones, remote sensing, AI for pest 
detection, and IoT-based soil and water 
management.
 ¾ Programmes: Drone Didi, Akashdoot, Agri-
India Hackathon, ARYA, RKVY-RAFTAAR, 
and Agri-Tech Innovation Hubs.
• Startup solutions include AI irrigation advisory, 
mobile soil-testing labs, and bio-inputs as 
substitutes for chemical fertilisers.
• Incubation and deep-tech missions
 ¾Atal Incubation Centres (AICs) and 
Community Innovation Centres (CICs) in 
Tier-II and Tier-III areas.
 ¾ Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs/ATLS) provides 
3D printers, robotics kits, and science 
equipment to thousands of schools.
 ¾ These efforts align with NM-ICPS (National 
Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical 
Systems) and the National Quantum Mission 
(NQM).
 ¾ Aim: ensure freedom to innovate in frontier 
technologies and build domestic capacity for 
sovereignty and sustainability.
V . Measurable Global Impact
• Innovation and IP standings
 ¾ Global Innovation Index 2024: India ranked 
39th, top among prominent economies.
Page 5


E d u R e v
1
YOJANA AUGUST 2025: New Frontier of Freedom
1
FREEDOM TO INNOVATE
I. Human Journey of Innovation
• Innovation as a defining trait of Homo sapiens
 ¾ Early humans made stone tools and mastered 
fire.
 ¾Nomadic groups formed settled agrarian 
societies.
• Agricultural revolutions
 ¾ Built irrigation systems.
 ¾ Practised crop rotation.
 ¾ Used selective domestication.
 ¾ These steps raised productivity and supported 
urbanisation and trade.
• Industrial and technological revolutions
 ¾ Introduced machines, steam power, and mass 
production.
 ¾ Led to the digital age, service economies, 
automation, AI, and space exploration.
• Global contributions
 ¾ Different societies added unique ideas and 
capabilities to human progress.
II. India’s Civilisational Ethos of Innovation
• Scholars and knowledge leaders
 ¾Pingala, Brahmagupta, Aryabhata, and 
Bhaskara advanced mathematics, geometry, 
and astronomy.
• Centres of learning
 ¾Nalanda, Vikramashila, Valabhi, and 
Pushpagiri were interdisciplinary hubs.
 ¾They nurtured architecture, metallurgy, 
medicine, Ayurveda, and linguistics.
• Resilience of the knowledge tradition
 ¾ Despite invasions, colonial domination, and 
global disruptions, India’s innovation spirit 
endured.
 ¾This shows depth and resilience in the 
civilisational foundation.
III. Freedom to Innovate and Constitutional Ethos
• Viksit Bharat 2047 and a new meaning of 
freedom
 ¾ Freedom now includes the capacity to create, 
solve problems, and participate in shaping 
society.
• Freedom to innovate = the opportunity, ability, 
and right to build solutions, imagine alternatives, 
and create relevance.
• Expressions of this freedom
 ¾ Converting indigenous wisdom into “glocal 
(global+local)” solutions.
 ¾Atal Tinkering Labs, startups, incubation 
centres.
 ¾ Farm fields practising sustainable agriculture.
• Decentralisation and substantive freedom
 ¾ Innovation is spreading from metro cities to 
rural hinterlands.
 ¾ It extends from startup unicorns to self-help 
groups.
 ¾This fosters development as substantive 
freedom.
• Constitutional linkage
 ¾ Article 14: Right to Equality.
 ¾ Article 21: Right to Life and Dignity.
 ¾ Article 21A: Right to Education.
 ¾ Article 51A: Duty to develop scientific temper 
and reform.
2
YOJANA AUGUST 2025: New Frontier of Freedom
• Funding architecture (2023–28)
 ¾Target ?50,000 crore via: ANRF Fund, 
Innovation Fund, Science and Engineering 
Research Fund, Special Purpose Fund.
 ¾ ?14,000 crore already provisioned by the 
Central Government.
 ¾Remaining from PSUs, private sector, 
philanthropies, foundations, and international 
bodies.
• Regulatory agility
 ¾ Institutes have procurement autonomy for 
scientific equipment and consumables up to a 
higher threshold.
 ¾ This improves agility and reduces procedural 
delays.
 ¾ Shift to trust-based, inclusive innovation 
governance.
• RDI Scheme (01 July 2025)
 ¾The Union Cabinet approved Research 
Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme 
with ?1 lakh crore corpus.
 ¾ Offers long-term financing or refinancing , 
with long tenors at low or nil interest rates.
 ¾ Purpose: overcome private-sector funding 
barriers; provide growth & risk capital for 
sunrise and strategic sectors.
 ¾ Goals: facilitate innovation, promote 
technology adoption, and enhance 
competitiveness.
 ¾ ANRF will give overarching strategic 
direction to the RDI Scheme.
(iii) Strengthening Grassroots Innovation
• Traditional and regional knowledge systems
 ¾India’s informal sector practises local 
agricultural techniques, farmers’ varieties, 
plant protection, human and animal health 
technologies, local engineering, and textile 
technologies.
 ¾ Innovations often emerge from individuals 
and communities in remote regions.
• National Innovation Foundation-India (NIF)
 ¾ Autonomous institute under DST; scouts and 
nurtures grassroots innovations from ~600 
districts.
 ¾ Provides a complete cycle of support through 
collaborations with industry, research 
institutions, NGOs, and government bodies.
 ¾ Outcomes: 1,400+ patents filed , 120+ 
technology transfers. 
 Several NIF-supported innovators have 
received the Padma Shri.
IV . Broadening the Horizon of Innovation
(i) Strategic Policy Framework and Budgetary Push
•  Union Budget 2025–26: R&D focus
 ¾ ?20,000 crore for R&D in strategic and 
emerging tech: AI, quantum computing, 
biotechnology, semiconductors, clean 
energy.
 ¾ This is not a generic science budget. It backs 
freedom to experiment, to fail, and to 
commercialise.
• Deep-tech financing
 ¾ Complements the ?10,000 crore Deep-tech 
Fund of Funds (FoF) under SIDBI.
 ¾ Deep-tech needs long gestation and bears 
higher risks.
• The government steps in as an early-stage backer 
to democratise innovation finance .
• Talent pipeline
 ¾10,000 PM Research Fellowships with 
?70,000–?80,000 monthly stipends.
 ¾ Goal: attract the brightest minds into science 
and engineering R&D.
 ¾ Message: innovation is a national imperative, 
not a privilege.
(ii) Creation of ANRF and Regulatory Ease
• ANRF establishment (Parliament, 2023)
 ¾ Anusandhan National Research Foundation 
(ANRF) replaces SERB with a wider mandate.
3
YOJANA AUGUST 2025: New Frontier of Freedom
 ¾ This is freedom from invisibility, contrasting 
countries where innovation is limited to 
corporates, elite labs, and top universities.
• Unnat Bharat Abhiyan (Ministry of Education)
 ¾ Connects academic institutions with rural 
India.
 ¾ Institutes adopt clusters of villages, do 
needs assessments, and design contextual 
interventions.
(iv) Digital Public Infrastructure as Platforms of 
Innovation Freedom
• DPI building blocks : Aadhaar, UPI, 
DigiLocker, ONDC enable entrepreneurs and 
developers.
• ONDC outcomes (as of March 2025)
 ¾7+ lakh sellers and service providers 
onboarded; majority are MSMEs.
 ¾ 20.4 crore cumulative transactions.
 ¾ A level playing field versus large platforms.
• Digital economy trajectory
 ¾ State of India’s Digital Economy Report 
2024: India ranks third globally in 
digitalisation.
 ¾ By 2030, the digital economy is projected to 
be nearly one-fifth of the overall economy, 
outpacing traditional sectors.
• India Energy Stack (IES)
 ¾Unified, secure, interoperable digital 
infrastructure for the energy sector, like UPI 
for energy.
 ¾ Integrates renewable energy and enhances 
DISCOM efficiency.
 ¾ Delivers transparent, reliable, future-ready 
power services.
 ¾ Example: a farmer with solar panels feeds 
extra power to the grid and gets direct bank 
payments.
 ¾ DISCOMs can track demand, prevent theft , 
and send timely alerts.
 ¾ Improves reliability and inclusion, supports 
clean energy and Net Zero goals.
(v) Sectoral Deepening: Health, Agriculture, AI, 
Quantum
• Healthcare (digital-first shift)
 ¾ Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM):
 ? 20 crore ABHA accounts.
 ? 3.49 lakh facilities on the Health Facility 
Registry (HFR).
 ? 5.23 lakh professionals on the Healthcare 
Professional Registry (HPR).
 ¾ Enables interoperability, reduces 
redundancy, and eases access to telemedicine, 
e-pharmacies, and AI-supported diagnostics.
 ¾ Pharmaceutical Research Incentive Program 
(PRIP): ?5,000 crore to make India a global 
R&D hub in pharma and MedTech.
 ¾ DHR-ICMR Action Plan 2024–29:
 ? Promote indigenous and affordable health 
technologies.
 ? Provide solutions for resistant health 
problems.
 ? Advance digital health solutions.
 ? Ensure research-led translation into 
action.
 ? Enhance technology-driven surveillance.
 ? Accelerate medical countermeasures.
 Elevate India’s global standing in medical 
research.
• Agriculture (Agriculture 4.0)
 ¾ Employs ~42% of the workforce; contributes 
~18% to GDP .
 ¾ Uses drones, remote sensing, AI for pest 
detection, and IoT-based soil and water 
management.
 ¾ Programmes: Drone Didi, Akashdoot, Agri-
India Hackathon, ARYA, RKVY-RAFTAAR, 
and Agri-Tech Innovation Hubs.
• Startup solutions include AI irrigation advisory, 
mobile soil-testing labs, and bio-inputs as 
substitutes for chemical fertilisers.
• Incubation and deep-tech missions
 ¾Atal Incubation Centres (AICs) and 
Community Innovation Centres (CICs) in 
Tier-II and Tier-III areas.
 ¾ Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs/ATLS) provides 
3D printers, robotics kits, and science 
equipment to thousands of schools.
 ¾ These efforts align with NM-ICPS (National 
Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical 
Systems) and the National Quantum Mission 
(NQM).
 ¾ Aim: ensure freedom to innovate in frontier 
technologies and build domestic capacity for 
sovereignty and sustainability.
V . Measurable Global Impact
• Innovation and IP standings
 ¾ Global Innovation Index 2024: India ranked 
39th, top among prominent economies.
4
YOJANA AUGUST 2025: New Frontier of Freedom
• Gandhian oceanic circles
 ¾Innovation spreads in self-reinforcing 
concentric ripples from labs, classrooms, 
farm fields, and tribal hamlets.
 ¾ Individuals and communities are the nucleus 
of creative energy.
• State–society partnership
 ¾The government enables Srijan (creative 
expression) through Jan Bhagidari (people’s 
participation), grassroots ingenuity, and 
community-driven solutions.
 ¾ This is a Swaraj of creativity where rural-
tribal innovators and ISRO scientists 
contribute together.
• Viksit Bharat@2047 and Aatmanirbharta
 ¾ Spreading opportunities across all layers of 
society fosters innovation.
 ¾It marks a civilisational shift toward 
Aatmanirbharta (self-reliance) and the 
vision of Viksit Bharat@2047.
 ¾ WIPO World IP Filings Report 2023: India 
ranked 6th globally in patent filings —among 
leaders like the US, China, Japan, and South 
Korea.
• Digital readiness
 ¾ Network Readiness Index (NRI): improved 
from 89th (2015) to 49th (2024).
• Startup ecosystem
 ¾ 1.57 lakh DPIIT-recognised startups.
 ¾ 100+ unicorns.
 ¾ ~51% startup participation from Tier-II and 
Tier-III cities.
 ¾Progress supported by stronger patent 
enforcement and reduced regulatory 
uncertainty.
VI. Civilisational Awakening and National Vision
• Atmashakti (inner strength)
 ¾ Expansion of innovation reflects a deeper 
national awakening.
 ¾ Ordinary citizens innovate with confidence 
and courage.