PPT: Working of the Constitution | Indian Polity for UPSC CSE PDF Download

 Page 1


Working of the 
Constitution
Page 2


Working of the 
Constitution
Introduction to the Indian Constitution
India's Constitution stands as the world's longest written constitution with 448 Articles, 25 Parts, and 
12 Schedules, providing the blueprint for the world's largest democracy.
Adopted on November 26, 1949 and implemented on January 26, 1950, it serves as the fundamental 
legal document establishing principles of governance, rights, duties, and social justice.
This meticulously crafted document reflects India's rich diversity while ensuring unity through carefully 
balanced democratic structures and constitutional safeguards.
Page 3


Working of the 
Constitution
Introduction to the Indian Constitution
India's Constitution stands as the world's longest written constitution with 448 Articles, 25 Parts, and 
12 Schedules, providing the blueprint for the world's largest democracy.
Adopted on November 26, 1949 and implemented on January 26, 1950, it serves as the fundamental 
legal document establishing principles of governance, rights, duties, and social justice.
This meticulously crafted document reflects India's rich diversity while ensuring unity through carefully 
balanced democratic structures and constitutional safeguards.
The Preamble: The Soul of 
the Constitution
D e c l a r a t i o n s
Proclaims India as a 
Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, 
Democratic Republic
O b j e c t i v e s
Ju s t i c e : Social, economic, 
political
L i b e r t y : Of thought, 
expression, belief, faith, 
worship
E q u a l i t y : Of status and 
opportunity
F r a t e r n i t y : Dignity of 
individual, unity and integrity 
of the nation
E v o l u t i o n
The words 'Socialist', 'Secular', and 'Integrity' added by the 
42nd Amendment (1976) during the Emergency period
Page 4


Working of the 
Constitution
Introduction to the Indian Constitution
India's Constitution stands as the world's longest written constitution with 448 Articles, 25 Parts, and 
12 Schedules, providing the blueprint for the world's largest democracy.
Adopted on November 26, 1949 and implemented on January 26, 1950, it serves as the fundamental 
legal document establishing principles of governance, rights, duties, and social justice.
This meticulously crafted document reflects India's rich diversity while ensuring unity through carefully 
balanced democratic structures and constitutional safeguards.
The Preamble: The Soul of 
the Constitution
D e c l a r a t i o n s
Proclaims India as a 
Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, 
Democratic Republic
O b j e c t i v e s
Ju s t i c e : Social, economic, 
political
L i b e r t y : Of thought, 
expression, belief, faith, 
worship
E q u a l i t y : Of status and 
opportunity
F r a t e r n i t y : Dignity of 
individual, unity and integrity 
of the nation
E v o l u t i o n
The words 'Socialist', 'Secular', and 'Integrity' added by the 
42nd Amendment (1976) during the Emergency period
Structure & Features of the Constitution
1
Federal System with Unitary Bias
Clear division of powers between Union and States 
with strong central authority during emergencies
2
Parliamentary System
Inspired by UK model with President as constitutional 
head and real power vested in Prime Minister and 
Council of Ministers
3
Fundamental Rights & Directive 
Principles
Balance between enforceable individual rights and 
aspirational socio-economic principles
4
Constitutional Amendment Process
Flexible yet rigid amendment procedure (Article 368) 
requiring special majorities for certain provisions
Page 5


Working of the 
Constitution
Introduction to the Indian Constitution
India's Constitution stands as the world's longest written constitution with 448 Articles, 25 Parts, and 
12 Schedules, providing the blueprint for the world's largest democracy.
Adopted on November 26, 1949 and implemented on January 26, 1950, it serves as the fundamental 
legal document establishing principles of governance, rights, duties, and social justice.
This meticulously crafted document reflects India's rich diversity while ensuring unity through carefully 
balanced democratic structures and constitutional safeguards.
The Preamble: The Soul of 
the Constitution
D e c l a r a t i o n s
Proclaims India as a 
Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, 
Democratic Republic
O b j e c t i v e s
Ju s t i c e : Social, economic, 
political
L i b e r t y : Of thought, 
expression, belief, faith, 
worship
E q u a l i t y : Of status and 
opportunity
F r a t e r n i t y : Dignity of 
individual, unity and integrity 
of the nation
E v o l u t i o n
The words 'Socialist', 'Secular', and 'Integrity' added by the 
42nd Amendment (1976) during the Emergency period
Structure & Features of the Constitution
1
Federal System with Unitary Bias
Clear division of powers between Union and States 
with strong central authority during emergencies
2
Parliamentary System
Inspired by UK model with President as constitutional 
head and real power vested in Prime Minister and 
Council of Ministers
3
Fundamental Rights & Directive 
Principles
Balance between enforceable individual rights and 
aspirational socio-economic principles
4
Constitutional Amendment Process
Flexible yet rigid amendment procedure (Article 368) 
requiring special majorities for certain provisions
Key Features Borrowed from 
Other Constitutions
British Constitution
Parliamentary government, Rule of law, Cabinet system, 
Legislative procedures
U.S. Constitution
Fundamental Rights, Judicial review, Independence of 
judiciary, Impeachment procedure
Australian Constitution
Concurrent List, Freedom of trade and commerce, Joint sitting 
of Houses
Canadian Constitution
Federal structure with strong center, Residuary powers, 
Emergency provisions