PPT: Defence Technology | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE PDF Download

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Defence 
Technology
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Defence 
Technology
Introduction to Defence Technology
Defence technology applies science and engineering to develop tools, equipment, and systems for national security.
Key Elements
Weapons, vehicles, communication systems, cyber 
capabilities, and space assets
Primary Purpose
Protecting sovereignty, deterring threats, and enabling 
modern warfare capabilities
Page 3


Defence 
Technology
Introduction to Defence Technology
Defence technology applies science and engineering to develop tools, equipment, and systems for national security.
Key Elements
Weapons, vehicles, communication systems, cyber 
capabilities, and space assets
Primary Purpose
Protecting sovereignty, deterring threats, and enabling 
modern warfare capabilities
Domains of Warfare
Physical Domains
Land: ground forces and armor
Sea: naval capabilities
Air: aerial warfare
Space: satellite and anti-satellite 
capabilities
Functional Domains
Cyber: network operations
Electromagnetic Spectrum (EMS): 
electronic warfare
Ex ample: India's Mission Shakti anti-satellite 
missile test demonstrated space domain 
capabilities
Page 4


Defence 
Technology
Introduction to Defence Technology
Defence technology applies science and engineering to develop tools, equipment, and systems for national security.
Key Elements
Weapons, vehicles, communication systems, cyber 
capabilities, and space assets
Primary Purpose
Protecting sovereignty, deterring threats, and enabling 
modern warfare capabilities
Domains of Warfare
Physical Domains
Land: ground forces and armor
Sea: naval capabilities
Air: aerial warfare
Space: satellite and anti-satellite 
capabilities
Functional Domains
Cyber: network operations
Electromagnetic Spectrum (EMS): 
electronic warfare
Ex ample: India's Mission Shakti anti-satellite 
missile test demonstrated space domain 
capabilities
Conventional Defence Technologies
Small Arms
Standard firearms like rifles, pistols, and machine guns, essential for 
individual soldiers and close-quarters combat.
Armored Vehicles
Heavy combat vehicles such as tanks and Armored Personnel Carriers 
(APCs), designed for ground assault, reconnaissance, and troop 
transport.
Aircraft
Fixed-wing aircraft like fighter jets for air superiority and attack, and 
versatile helicopters for transport, reconnaissance, and close air support.
Naval Vessels
Warships, submarines, and aircraft carriers that form the backbone of 
naval power projection, ensuring sea control and defense.
Missiles
Guided projectiles, including ballistic, cruise, and surface-to-air variants, 
used for precision strikes against land, air, or sea targets, and air defense.
Electronic Warfare
Systems like radars, jammers, and secure communication networks, 
crucial for intelligence gathering, surveillance, target acquisition, and 
disrupting enemy electronic systems.
Page 5


Defence 
Technology
Introduction to Defence Technology
Defence technology applies science and engineering to develop tools, equipment, and systems for national security.
Key Elements
Weapons, vehicles, communication systems, cyber 
capabilities, and space assets
Primary Purpose
Protecting sovereignty, deterring threats, and enabling 
modern warfare capabilities
Domains of Warfare
Physical Domains
Land: ground forces and armor
Sea: naval capabilities
Air: aerial warfare
Space: satellite and anti-satellite 
capabilities
Functional Domains
Cyber: network operations
Electromagnetic Spectrum (EMS): 
electronic warfare
Ex ample: India's Mission Shakti anti-satellite 
missile test demonstrated space domain 
capabilities
Conventional Defence Technologies
Small Arms
Standard firearms like rifles, pistols, and machine guns, essential for 
individual soldiers and close-quarters combat.
Armored Vehicles
Heavy combat vehicles such as tanks and Armored Personnel Carriers 
(APCs), designed for ground assault, reconnaissance, and troop 
transport.
Aircraft
Fixed-wing aircraft like fighter jets for air superiority and attack, and 
versatile helicopters for transport, reconnaissance, and close air support.
Naval Vessels
Warships, submarines, and aircraft carriers that form the backbone of 
naval power projection, ensuring sea control and defense.
Missiles
Guided projectiles, including ballistic, cruise, and surface-to-air variants, 
used for precision strikes against land, air, or sea targets, and air defense.
Electronic Warfare
Systems like radars, jammers, and secure communication networks, 
crucial for intelligence gathering, surveillance, target acquisition, and 
disrupting enemy electronic systems.
India's Nuclear Doctrine & Strategic Deterrence
Credible Minimum 
Deterrence
No First Use policy with assured 
second strike capability
Command 
Structure
Nuclear Command Authority 
controls retaliatory strikes
Nuclear Triad
Land (Agni missiles), Sea 
(Arihant-class submarines), Air 
(strategic bombers)
Provides critical national security and global diplomatic leverage