PPT: Environment | Geography for UPSC CSE PDF Download

 Page 1


E n v i r o n m e n t
Page 2


E n v i r o n m e n t
What is Environment?
All living and non-
living things 
interacting naturally 
on Earth
Four spheres: 
Lithosphere (land), 
Hydrosphere 
(water), Atmosphere 
(air), Biosphere (life)
Importance: Foundation of life and human 
survival
Page 3


E n v i r o n m e n t
What is Environment?
All living and non-
living things 
interacting naturally 
on Earth
Four spheres: 
Lithosphere (land), 
Hydrosphere 
(water), Atmosphere 
(air), Biosphere (life)
Importance: Foundation of life and human 
survival
Ecology: The Science of Interactions
Study of relationships between organisms and their environment
Ecology examines how species interact with each other and their physical surroundings, creating complex 
webs of interdependence that maintain ecosystem balance.
Organism Population Community
Ecosystem Biosphere
Page 4


E n v i r o n m e n t
What is Environment?
All living and non-
living things 
interacting naturally 
on Earth
Four spheres: 
Lithosphere (land), 
Hydrosphere 
(water), Atmosphere 
(air), Biosphere (life)
Importance: Foundation of life and human 
survival
Ecology: The Science of Interactions
Study of relationships between organisms and their environment
Ecology examines how species interact with each other and their physical surroundings, creating complex 
webs of interdependence that maintain ecosystem balance.
Organism Population Community
Ecosystem Biosphere
Ecosystem: Structure & Function
Ecosystem = Community + Physical environment
Energy Flow
Food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids show how 
energy transfers between organisms
Biogeochemical Cycles
Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur cycle through living 
and non-living components
Ecological Succession
Predictable changes in ecosystem structure and composition 
over time
Page 5


E n v i r o n m e n t
What is Environment?
All living and non-
living things 
interacting naturally 
on Earth
Four spheres: 
Lithosphere (land), 
Hydrosphere 
(water), Atmosphere 
(air), Biosphere (life)
Importance: Foundation of life and human 
survival
Ecology: The Science of Interactions
Study of relationships between organisms and their environment
Ecology examines how species interact with each other and their physical surroundings, creating complex 
webs of interdependence that maintain ecosystem balance.
Organism Population Community
Ecosystem Biosphere
Ecosystem: Structure & Function
Ecosystem = Community + Physical environment
Energy Flow
Food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids show how 
energy transfers between organisms
Biogeochemical Cycles
Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur cycle through living 
and non-living components
Ecological Succession
Predictable changes in ecosystem structure and composition 
over time
Biodiversity: Types and Importance
India's 4 Biodiversity Hotspots: Western Ghats, Himalayas, Indo-Burma, Sundaland
Biodiversity provides ecosystem stability, medicine sources, food security, and cultural values essential for 
human well-being.
Genetic Diversity
Variation in genes within species; 
crucial for adaptation and evolution
Species Diversity
Variety of different species within an 
area
Ecosystem Diversity
Variety of habitats, communities, and 
ecological processes