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FAQs on NCERT Textbook: Units & Measurement - Science & Technology for UPSC CSE

1. What is the importance of measurement in physics?
Ans. Measurement is essential in physics as it helps in understanding the physical world around us. It is through measurement that we can quantify and describe physical phenomena. Without measurement, we cannot make accurate predictions or compare physical quantities. In physics, measurements are used to test and support theories, and to develop new technologies.
2. What are the fundamental units of measurement?
Ans. The fundamental units of measurement are the units of length, mass, and time. The SI units for length, mass, and time are meters (m), kilograms (kg), and seconds (s), respectively. These units are used as a basis for measuring other physical quantities, such as force, energy, and velocity.
3. How are measurements affected by experimental errors?
Ans. Experimental errors can affect the accuracy and precision of measurements. An error can occur due to limitations of the measuring instrument or the observer, or due to external factors such as temperature and humidity. These errors can lead to inaccurate or imprecise measurements. To minimize errors, it is essential to use accurate measuring instruments and to repeat measurements several times.
4. How do we convert between different units of measurement?
Ans. To convert between different units of measurement, we use conversion factors. Conversion factors are ratios that relate two different units of the same physical quantity. For example, to convert meters to centimeters, we multiply the number of meters by 100. To convert kilometers to meters, we multiply the number of kilometers by 1000. It is essential to use the correct conversion factor to ensure accurate conversions.
5. Why is the International System of Units (SI) important?
Ans. The International System of Units (SI) is important because it provides a standardized and uniform system of measurement that is recognized worldwide. It allows scientists and engineers from different countries to communicate and collaborate effectively. The SI system is based on fundamental physical constants, which ensures accuracy and consistency in measurements. Additionally, the SI system is regularly updated to reflect advancements in technology and scientific understanding.
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