Class 10 Exam  >  Class 10 Notes  >  Mathematics (Maths) Class 10  >  NCERT Textbook: Areas Related to Circles

NCERT Textbook: Areas Related to Circles | Mathematics (Maths) Class 10 PDF Download

Download, print and study this document offline
Please wait while the PDF view is loading
 Page 1


154 MA THEMATICS
11
11.1 Areas of Sector and Segment of a Circle
You have already come across the terms sector and
segment of a circle in your earlier classes. Recall
that the portion (or part) of the circular region enclosed
by two radii and the corresponding arc is called a
sector of the circle and the portion (or part) of the
circular region enclosed between a chord and the
corresponding arc is called a segment of the circle.
Thus, in Fig. 11.1, shaded region OAPB is a sector
of the circle with centre O. ? AOB is called the
angle of the sector. Note that in this figure, unshaded region OAQB is also a sector of
the circle. For obvious reasons, OAPB is called the minor sector and
OAQB is called the major sector. You can also see that angle of the major sector is
360° – ? AOB.
Now, look at Fig. 11.2 in which AB is a chord
of the circle with centre O. So, shaded region APB is
a segment of the circle. You can also note that
unshaded region AQB is another segment of the circle
formed by the chord AB. For obvious reasons, APB
is called the minor segment and AQB is called the
major segment.
Remark : When we write ‘segment’ and ‘sector’
we will mean the ‘minor segment’ and the ‘minor
sector’ respectively, unless stated otherwise.
AREAS RELA TED TO CIRCLES
Fig. 11.2
Fig. 11.1
2024-25
Page 2


154 MA THEMATICS
11
11.1 Areas of Sector and Segment of a Circle
You have already come across the terms sector and
segment of a circle in your earlier classes. Recall
that the portion (or part) of the circular region enclosed
by two radii and the corresponding arc is called a
sector of the circle and the portion (or part) of the
circular region enclosed between a chord and the
corresponding arc is called a segment of the circle.
Thus, in Fig. 11.1, shaded region OAPB is a sector
of the circle with centre O. ? AOB is called the
angle of the sector. Note that in this figure, unshaded region OAQB is also a sector of
the circle. For obvious reasons, OAPB is called the minor sector and
OAQB is called the major sector. You can also see that angle of the major sector is
360° – ? AOB.
Now, look at Fig. 11.2 in which AB is a chord
of the circle with centre O. So, shaded region APB is
a segment of the circle. You can also note that
unshaded region AQB is another segment of the circle
formed by the chord AB. For obvious reasons, APB
is called the minor segment and AQB is called the
major segment.
Remark : When we write ‘segment’ and ‘sector’
we will mean the ‘minor segment’ and the ‘minor
sector’ respectively, unless stated otherwise.
AREAS RELA TED TO CIRCLES
Fig. 11.2
Fig. 11.1
2024-25
AREAS RELA TED TO CIRCLES 155
Now with this knowledge, let us try to find some
relations (or formulae) to calculate their areas.
Let OAPB be a sector of a circle with centre
O and radius r (see Fig. 11.3). Let the degree
measure of Ð AOB be q.
You know that area of a circle (in fact of a
circular region or disc) is pr
2
.
In a way, we can consider this circular region to
be a sector forming an angle of 360° (i.e., of degree
measure 360) at the centre O. Now by applying the
Unitary Method, we can arrive at the area of the
sector OAPB as follows:
When degree measure of the angle at the centre is 360, area of the
sector = pr
2
So, when the degree measure of the angle at the centre is 1, area of the
sector = 
2
360
r ?
?
Therefore, when the degree measure of the angle at the centre is q, area of the
sector = 
2
360
r ?
? ? = 
2
360
r
?
? ?
.
Thus, we obtain the following relation (or formula) for area of a sector of a
circle:
Area of the sector of angle q q q q q =
? r
?
?
2
360
,
where r is the radius of the circle and q the angle of the sector in degrees.
Now, a natural question arises : Can we find
the length of the arc APB corresponding to this
sector? Yes. Again, by applying the Unitary
Method and taking the whole length of the circle
(of angle 360°) as 2pr, we can obtain the required
length of the arc APB as 
2
360
r
?
? ?
.
So, length of an arc of a sector of angle q q q q q = 
?
?
? 2
360
r
.
Fig. 11.3
Fig. 11.4
2024-25
Page 3


154 MA THEMATICS
11
11.1 Areas of Sector and Segment of a Circle
You have already come across the terms sector and
segment of a circle in your earlier classes. Recall
that the portion (or part) of the circular region enclosed
by two radii and the corresponding arc is called a
sector of the circle and the portion (or part) of the
circular region enclosed between a chord and the
corresponding arc is called a segment of the circle.
Thus, in Fig. 11.1, shaded region OAPB is a sector
of the circle with centre O. ? AOB is called the
angle of the sector. Note that in this figure, unshaded region OAQB is also a sector of
the circle. For obvious reasons, OAPB is called the minor sector and
OAQB is called the major sector. You can also see that angle of the major sector is
360° – ? AOB.
Now, look at Fig. 11.2 in which AB is a chord
of the circle with centre O. So, shaded region APB is
a segment of the circle. You can also note that
unshaded region AQB is another segment of the circle
formed by the chord AB. For obvious reasons, APB
is called the minor segment and AQB is called the
major segment.
Remark : When we write ‘segment’ and ‘sector’
we will mean the ‘minor segment’ and the ‘minor
sector’ respectively, unless stated otherwise.
AREAS RELA TED TO CIRCLES
Fig. 11.2
Fig. 11.1
2024-25
AREAS RELA TED TO CIRCLES 155
Now with this knowledge, let us try to find some
relations (or formulae) to calculate their areas.
Let OAPB be a sector of a circle with centre
O and radius r (see Fig. 11.3). Let the degree
measure of Ð AOB be q.
You know that area of a circle (in fact of a
circular region or disc) is pr
2
.
In a way, we can consider this circular region to
be a sector forming an angle of 360° (i.e., of degree
measure 360) at the centre O. Now by applying the
Unitary Method, we can arrive at the area of the
sector OAPB as follows:
When degree measure of the angle at the centre is 360, area of the
sector = pr
2
So, when the degree measure of the angle at the centre is 1, area of the
sector = 
2
360
r ?
?
Therefore, when the degree measure of the angle at the centre is q, area of the
sector = 
2
360
r ?
? ? = 
2
360
r
?
? ?
.
Thus, we obtain the following relation (or formula) for area of a sector of a
circle:
Area of the sector of angle q q q q q =
? r
?
?
2
360
,
where r is the radius of the circle and q the angle of the sector in degrees.
Now, a natural question arises : Can we find
the length of the arc APB corresponding to this
sector? Yes. Again, by applying the Unitary
Method and taking the whole length of the circle
(of angle 360°) as 2pr, we can obtain the required
length of the arc APB as 
2
360
r
?
? ?
.
So, length of an arc of a sector of angle q q q q q = 
?
?
? 2
360
r
.
Fig. 11.3
Fig. 11.4
2024-25
156 MATHEMA TICS
Now let us take the case of the area of the
segment APB of a circle with centre O and radius r
(see Fig. 11.4). You can see that :
Area of the segment APB = Area of the sector OAPB – Area of ? OAB
                                       = 
2
– area of OAB
360
r
?
?? ?
Note : From Fig. 11.3 and Fig. 11.4 respectively, you can observe that:
Area of the major sector OAQB = ?r
2
 – Area of the minor sector OAPB
and            Area of major segment AQB = ?r
2
 – Area of the minor segment APB
Let us now take some examples to understand these concepts (or results).
Example 1 : Find the area of the sector of a circle
with radius 4 cm and of angle 30°. Also, find the area
of the corresponding major sector (Use ? = 3.14).
Solution : Given sector is OAPB (see Fig. 11.5).
Area of the sector =
2
360
r
?
??
=
2
30
3.1444cm
360
???
=
22
12.56
cm 4.19cm
3
?
 (approx.)
Area of the corresponding major sector
= ?r
2
 – area of sector OAPB
= (3.14 × 16 – 4.19) cm
2
= 46.05 cm
2
 = 46.1 cm
2
(approx.)
Alternatively, area of the major sector =
2
(360 – )
360
r
?
??
=
2
360 30
3.14 16 cm
360
? ??
??
??
??
=
22
330
3.14 16cm 46.05 cm
360
?? ?
= 46.1 cm
2
(approx.)
Fig. 11.5
2024-25
Page 4


154 MA THEMATICS
11
11.1 Areas of Sector and Segment of a Circle
You have already come across the terms sector and
segment of a circle in your earlier classes. Recall
that the portion (or part) of the circular region enclosed
by two radii and the corresponding arc is called a
sector of the circle and the portion (or part) of the
circular region enclosed between a chord and the
corresponding arc is called a segment of the circle.
Thus, in Fig. 11.1, shaded region OAPB is a sector
of the circle with centre O. ? AOB is called the
angle of the sector. Note that in this figure, unshaded region OAQB is also a sector of
the circle. For obvious reasons, OAPB is called the minor sector and
OAQB is called the major sector. You can also see that angle of the major sector is
360° – ? AOB.
Now, look at Fig. 11.2 in which AB is a chord
of the circle with centre O. So, shaded region APB is
a segment of the circle. You can also note that
unshaded region AQB is another segment of the circle
formed by the chord AB. For obvious reasons, APB
is called the minor segment and AQB is called the
major segment.
Remark : When we write ‘segment’ and ‘sector’
we will mean the ‘minor segment’ and the ‘minor
sector’ respectively, unless stated otherwise.
AREAS RELA TED TO CIRCLES
Fig. 11.2
Fig. 11.1
2024-25
AREAS RELA TED TO CIRCLES 155
Now with this knowledge, let us try to find some
relations (or formulae) to calculate their areas.
Let OAPB be a sector of a circle with centre
O and radius r (see Fig. 11.3). Let the degree
measure of Ð AOB be q.
You know that area of a circle (in fact of a
circular region or disc) is pr
2
.
In a way, we can consider this circular region to
be a sector forming an angle of 360° (i.e., of degree
measure 360) at the centre O. Now by applying the
Unitary Method, we can arrive at the area of the
sector OAPB as follows:
When degree measure of the angle at the centre is 360, area of the
sector = pr
2
So, when the degree measure of the angle at the centre is 1, area of the
sector = 
2
360
r ?
?
Therefore, when the degree measure of the angle at the centre is q, area of the
sector = 
2
360
r ?
? ? = 
2
360
r
?
? ?
.
Thus, we obtain the following relation (or formula) for area of a sector of a
circle:
Area of the sector of angle q q q q q =
? r
?
?
2
360
,
where r is the radius of the circle and q the angle of the sector in degrees.
Now, a natural question arises : Can we find
the length of the arc APB corresponding to this
sector? Yes. Again, by applying the Unitary
Method and taking the whole length of the circle
(of angle 360°) as 2pr, we can obtain the required
length of the arc APB as 
2
360
r
?
? ?
.
So, length of an arc of a sector of angle q q q q q = 
?
?
? 2
360
r
.
Fig. 11.3
Fig. 11.4
2024-25
156 MATHEMA TICS
Now let us take the case of the area of the
segment APB of a circle with centre O and radius r
(see Fig. 11.4). You can see that :
Area of the segment APB = Area of the sector OAPB – Area of ? OAB
                                       = 
2
– area of OAB
360
r
?
?? ?
Note : From Fig. 11.3 and Fig. 11.4 respectively, you can observe that:
Area of the major sector OAQB = ?r
2
 – Area of the minor sector OAPB
and            Area of major segment AQB = ?r
2
 – Area of the minor segment APB
Let us now take some examples to understand these concepts (or results).
Example 1 : Find the area of the sector of a circle
with radius 4 cm and of angle 30°. Also, find the area
of the corresponding major sector (Use ? = 3.14).
Solution : Given sector is OAPB (see Fig. 11.5).
Area of the sector =
2
360
r
?
??
=
2
30
3.1444cm
360
???
=
22
12.56
cm 4.19cm
3
?
 (approx.)
Area of the corresponding major sector
= ?r
2
 – area of sector OAPB
= (3.14 × 16 – 4.19) cm
2
= 46.05 cm
2
 = 46.1 cm
2
(approx.)
Alternatively, area of the major sector =
2
(360 – )
360
r
?
??
=
2
360 30
3.14 16 cm
360
? ??
??
??
??
=
22
330
3.14 16cm 46.05 cm
360
?? ?
= 46.1 cm
2
(approx.)
Fig. 11.5
2024-25
AREAS RELA TED TO CIRCLES 157
Example 2 : Find the area of the segment AYB
shown in Fig. 11.6, if radius of the circle is 21 cm and
? AOB = 120°. (Use ? = 
22
7
)
Solution : Area of the segment AYB
= Area of sector OAYB – Area of ? OAB (1)
Now, area of the sector OAYB =
120 22
21 21
360 7
?? ? cm
2
 = 462 cm
2
(2)
For finding the area of ? OAB, draw OM ? AB as shown in Fig. 11.7.
Note that OA = OB. Therefore, by RHS congruence, ? AMO ?? ? BMO.
So, M is the mid-point of AB and ? AOM = ? BOM = 
1
120 60
2
??? ?
.
Let OM = x cm
So, from ? OMA,
OM
OA
 = cos 60°
or,
21
x
 =
11
cos 60° =
22
??
??
??
or, x =
21
2
So, OM =
21
2
 cm
Also,
AM
OA
 = sin 60° = 
3
2
So, AM =
21 3
2
 cm
Therefore, AB = 2 AM = 
2213
cm = 21 3 cm
2
?
Fig. 11.6
Fig. 11.7
2024-25
Page 5


154 MA THEMATICS
11
11.1 Areas of Sector and Segment of a Circle
You have already come across the terms sector and
segment of a circle in your earlier classes. Recall
that the portion (or part) of the circular region enclosed
by two radii and the corresponding arc is called a
sector of the circle and the portion (or part) of the
circular region enclosed between a chord and the
corresponding arc is called a segment of the circle.
Thus, in Fig. 11.1, shaded region OAPB is a sector
of the circle with centre O. ? AOB is called the
angle of the sector. Note that in this figure, unshaded region OAQB is also a sector of
the circle. For obvious reasons, OAPB is called the minor sector and
OAQB is called the major sector. You can also see that angle of the major sector is
360° – ? AOB.
Now, look at Fig. 11.2 in which AB is a chord
of the circle with centre O. So, shaded region APB is
a segment of the circle. You can also note that
unshaded region AQB is another segment of the circle
formed by the chord AB. For obvious reasons, APB
is called the minor segment and AQB is called the
major segment.
Remark : When we write ‘segment’ and ‘sector’
we will mean the ‘minor segment’ and the ‘minor
sector’ respectively, unless stated otherwise.
AREAS RELA TED TO CIRCLES
Fig. 11.2
Fig. 11.1
2024-25
AREAS RELA TED TO CIRCLES 155
Now with this knowledge, let us try to find some
relations (or formulae) to calculate their areas.
Let OAPB be a sector of a circle with centre
O and radius r (see Fig. 11.3). Let the degree
measure of Ð AOB be q.
You know that area of a circle (in fact of a
circular region or disc) is pr
2
.
In a way, we can consider this circular region to
be a sector forming an angle of 360° (i.e., of degree
measure 360) at the centre O. Now by applying the
Unitary Method, we can arrive at the area of the
sector OAPB as follows:
When degree measure of the angle at the centre is 360, area of the
sector = pr
2
So, when the degree measure of the angle at the centre is 1, area of the
sector = 
2
360
r ?
?
Therefore, when the degree measure of the angle at the centre is q, area of the
sector = 
2
360
r ?
? ? = 
2
360
r
?
? ?
.
Thus, we obtain the following relation (or formula) for area of a sector of a
circle:
Area of the sector of angle q q q q q =
? r
?
?
2
360
,
where r is the radius of the circle and q the angle of the sector in degrees.
Now, a natural question arises : Can we find
the length of the arc APB corresponding to this
sector? Yes. Again, by applying the Unitary
Method and taking the whole length of the circle
(of angle 360°) as 2pr, we can obtain the required
length of the arc APB as 
2
360
r
?
? ?
.
So, length of an arc of a sector of angle q q q q q = 
?
?
? 2
360
r
.
Fig. 11.3
Fig. 11.4
2024-25
156 MATHEMA TICS
Now let us take the case of the area of the
segment APB of a circle with centre O and radius r
(see Fig. 11.4). You can see that :
Area of the segment APB = Area of the sector OAPB – Area of ? OAB
                                       = 
2
– area of OAB
360
r
?
?? ?
Note : From Fig. 11.3 and Fig. 11.4 respectively, you can observe that:
Area of the major sector OAQB = ?r
2
 – Area of the minor sector OAPB
and            Area of major segment AQB = ?r
2
 – Area of the minor segment APB
Let us now take some examples to understand these concepts (or results).
Example 1 : Find the area of the sector of a circle
with radius 4 cm and of angle 30°. Also, find the area
of the corresponding major sector (Use ? = 3.14).
Solution : Given sector is OAPB (see Fig. 11.5).
Area of the sector =
2
360
r
?
??
=
2
30
3.1444cm
360
???
=
22
12.56
cm 4.19cm
3
?
 (approx.)
Area of the corresponding major sector
= ?r
2
 – area of sector OAPB
= (3.14 × 16 – 4.19) cm
2
= 46.05 cm
2
 = 46.1 cm
2
(approx.)
Alternatively, area of the major sector =
2
(360 – )
360
r
?
??
=
2
360 30
3.14 16 cm
360
? ??
??
??
??
=
22
330
3.14 16cm 46.05 cm
360
?? ?
= 46.1 cm
2
(approx.)
Fig. 11.5
2024-25
AREAS RELA TED TO CIRCLES 157
Example 2 : Find the area of the segment AYB
shown in Fig. 11.6, if radius of the circle is 21 cm and
? AOB = 120°. (Use ? = 
22
7
)
Solution : Area of the segment AYB
= Area of sector OAYB – Area of ? OAB (1)
Now, area of the sector OAYB =
120 22
21 21
360 7
?? ? cm
2
 = 462 cm
2
(2)
For finding the area of ? OAB, draw OM ? AB as shown in Fig. 11.7.
Note that OA = OB. Therefore, by RHS congruence, ? AMO ?? ? BMO.
So, M is the mid-point of AB and ? AOM = ? BOM = 
1
120 60
2
??? ?
.
Let OM = x cm
So, from ? OMA,
OM
OA
 = cos 60°
or,
21
x
 =
11
cos 60° =
22
??
??
??
or, x =
21
2
So, OM =
21
2
 cm
Also,
AM
OA
 = sin 60° = 
3
2
So, AM =
21 3
2
 cm
Therefore, AB = 2 AM = 
2213
cm = 21 3 cm
2
?
Fig. 11.6
Fig. 11.7
2024-25
158 MATHEMA TICS
So, area of ? OAB =
1
AB × OM
2
 = 
2
121
21 3 cm
22
??
=
2
441
3cm
4
(3)
Therefore, area of the segment AYB = 
2
441
462 3 cm
4
??
?
??
??
[From (1), (2) and (3)]
=
2
21
(88 – 21 3)cm
4
EXERCISE 11.1
Unless stated otherwise, use ? = 
22
7
.
1. Find the area of a sector of a circle with radius 6 cm if angle of the sector is 60°.
2. Find the area of a quadrant of a circle whose circumference is 22 cm.
3. The length of the minute hand of a clock is 14 cm. Find the area swept by the minute
hand in 5 minutes.
4. A chord of a circle of radius 10 cm subtends a right angle at the centre. Find the area of
the corresponding : (i) minor segment (ii) major sector. (Use ? = 3.14)
5. In a circle of radius 21 cm, an arc subtends an angle of 60° at the centre. Find:
(i) the length of the arc (ii) area of the sector formed by the arc
(iii) area of the segment formed by the corresponding chord
6. A chord of a circle of radius 15 cm subtends an angle of 60° at the centre. Find
the areas of the corresponding minor and major
segments of the circle.
(Use ? = 3.14 and 
3
 = 1.73)
7. A chord of a circle of radius 12 cm subtends an
angle of 120° at the centre. Find the area of the
corresponding segment of the circle.
(Use ? = 3.14 and 
3
 = 1.73)
8. A horse is tied to a peg at one corner of a square
shaped grass field of side 15 m by means of a 5 m
long rope (see Fig. 11.8). Find Fig. 11.8
2024-25
Read More
126 videos|457 docs|75 tests

Top Courses for Class 10

FAQs on NCERT Textbook: Areas Related to Circles - Mathematics (Maths) Class 10

1. What is the formula to find the area of a circle?
Ans. The formula to find the area of a circle is A = πr^2, where A represents the area and r represents the radius of the circle.
2. Can the area of a circle be negative?
Ans. No, the area of a circle cannot be negative. The area of a circle is always a positive value, as it represents the amount of space enclosed by the circle.
3. How is the circumference of a circle related to its area?
Ans. The circumference of a circle is related to its area through the formula C = 2πr, where C represents the circumference and r represents the radius of the circle. Although the circumference and area are related, they represent different measurements of a circle.
4. How can I find the radius of a circle if I know its area?
Ans. To find the radius of a circle if you know its area, you can use the formula r = √(A/π), where r represents the radius and A represents the area of the circle. By substituting the known value of the area into the formula, you can calculate the radius.
5. Can the area of a circle be greater than its circumference?
Ans. No, the area of a circle cannot be greater than its circumference. The area of a circle represents the total space enclosed by the circle, while the circumference represents the distance around the circle. Since the circumference is directly proportional to the radius, it will always be greater than the area.
126 videos|457 docs|75 tests
Download as PDF
Explore Courses for Class 10 exam

Top Courses for Class 10

Signup for Free!
Signup to see your scores go up within 7 days! Learn & Practice with 1000+ FREE Notes, Videos & Tests.
10M+ students study on EduRev
Related Searches

Free

,

NCERT Textbook: Areas Related to Circles | Mathematics (Maths) Class 10

,

study material

,

Previous Year Questions with Solutions

,

NCERT Textbook: Areas Related to Circles | Mathematics (Maths) Class 10

,

Sample Paper

,

practice quizzes

,

shortcuts and tricks

,

Summary

,

Semester Notes

,

Extra Questions

,

pdf

,

Viva Questions

,

Important questions

,

Objective type Questions

,

Exam

,

MCQs

,

ppt

,

video lectures

,

NCERT Textbook: Areas Related to Circles | Mathematics (Maths) Class 10

,

past year papers

,

mock tests for examination

;