NCERT Textbook: Food- Where does it come from | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE PDF Download

 Page 1


W
hat did you eat at home
today? Find out what your
friend ate today. Did you eat
the same kind of food yesterday and
today? We all eat different kinds of food
at different times, isn’t it?
1.1 FOOD VARIETY
Activity 1
Ask your friends in the school about the
items they would be eating during a day.
See if you can also get this information
from friends staying in different states
of India. List all the items in your
notebook as given in Table 1.1, for as
many friends as possible.
Table 1.1 What do we eat?
e h t f o e m a N
d n e i r f / t n e d u t s
s m e t i d o o F
y a d a n i n e t a e
There seems to be so much variety
in the food that we eat (Fig 1.1). What
are these food items made of?
Think about rice
cooked at home. We take
raw rice and boil it in
water. Just two materials
or ingredients are
needed to prepare a dish of boiled rice.
On the other hand, some food items
are made with many ingredients. To
prepare vegetable curry, we need
different kinds of vegetables, salt, spices,
oil and so on.
Activity 2
Choose some of the items you listed in
Table 1.1 and try to find out what
ingredients are used to prepare these,
by discussing with your friends and
elders at home. List them in Table 1.2.
Some examples are given here. Add
some more items to this list.
Table 1.2 Food items and their
ingredients
m e t I d o o F s t n e i d e r g n I
i t o R / i t a p a h c a t t A r e t a w ,
l a D
/ l i o , t l a s , r e t a w , s e s l u P
e e h g s e c i p s ,
Food:
Where Does it Come From?
1
Fig. 1.1 Different food items
2022-23
Page 2


W
hat did you eat at home
today? Find out what your
friend ate today. Did you eat
the same kind of food yesterday and
today? We all eat different kinds of food
at different times, isn’t it?
1.1 FOOD VARIETY
Activity 1
Ask your friends in the school about the
items they would be eating during a day.
See if you can also get this information
from friends staying in different states
of India. List all the items in your
notebook as given in Table 1.1, for as
many friends as possible.
Table 1.1 What do we eat?
e h t f o e m a N
d n e i r f / t n e d u t s
s m e t i d o o F
y a d a n i n e t a e
There seems to be so much variety
in the food that we eat (Fig 1.1). What
are these food items made of?
Think about rice
cooked at home. We take
raw rice and boil it in
water. Just two materials
or ingredients are
needed to prepare a dish of boiled rice.
On the other hand, some food items
are made with many ingredients. To
prepare vegetable curry, we need
different kinds of vegetables, salt, spices,
oil and so on.
Activity 2
Choose some of the items you listed in
Table 1.1 and try to find out what
ingredients are used to prepare these,
by discussing with your friends and
elders at home. List them in Table 1.2.
Some examples are given here. Add
some more items to this list.
Table 1.2 Food items and their
ingredients
m e t I d o o F s t n e i d e r g n I
i t o R / i t a p a h c a t t A r e t a w ,
l a D
/ l i o , t l a s , r e t a w , s e s l u P
e e h g s e c i p s ,
Food:
Where Does it Come From?
1
Fig. 1.1 Different food items
2022-23
SCIENCE 2
Activity 3
Let us take the food items listed earlier
and try to find out where they come from
— the ingredients and their sources.
Some examples are shown in Table 1.3.
Fill in the blanks in Table 1.3 and add
more examples to this list.
What do we find? Do we find some ingredients common
for different food items? Discuss in class.
So, where do these ingredients come from?
1.2 FOOD MATERIALS AND SOURCES
It may be easy for us to guess the sources of some of the
ingredients that we listed in Table 1.2. Fruits and
vegetables, for instance (Fig. 1.2a). Where do they come
from? Plants, of course! What are the sources of rice or
wheat? You may have seen paddy or wheat fields with rows
and rows of plants, which give us these grains (Fig. 1.3).
And then, there are food items like milk, eggs and meat,
which come from animals (Fig. 1.2b).
Table 1.3 Ingredients used to
prepare food items and
their sources
m e t I d o o F s t n e i d e r g n I s e c r u o S
i l d I e c i R t n a l P
l a d d a r U
t l a S
r e t a W
n e k c i h C
y r r u c
n e k c i h C l a m i n A
s e c i p S
/ l i O e e h g
/ s t n a l P
s l a m i n A
r e t a W
r e e h K k l i M l a m i n A
e c i R t n a l P
r a g u S
(a) Plant sources
(b) Animal sources
Fig. 1.2 Sources of
food ingredients
Fig. 1.3 Source of food grains
(a) Paddy field (b) Wheat grains transported
(a)
(b)
2022-23
Page 3


W
hat did you eat at home
today? Find out what your
friend ate today. Did you eat
the same kind of food yesterday and
today? We all eat different kinds of food
at different times, isn’t it?
1.1 FOOD VARIETY
Activity 1
Ask your friends in the school about the
items they would be eating during a day.
See if you can also get this information
from friends staying in different states
of India. List all the items in your
notebook as given in Table 1.1, for as
many friends as possible.
Table 1.1 What do we eat?
e h t f o e m a N
d n e i r f / t n e d u t s
s m e t i d o o F
y a d a n i n e t a e
There seems to be so much variety
in the food that we eat (Fig 1.1). What
are these food items made of?
Think about rice
cooked at home. We take
raw rice and boil it in
water. Just two materials
or ingredients are
needed to prepare a dish of boiled rice.
On the other hand, some food items
are made with many ingredients. To
prepare vegetable curry, we need
different kinds of vegetables, salt, spices,
oil and so on.
Activity 2
Choose some of the items you listed in
Table 1.1 and try to find out what
ingredients are used to prepare these,
by discussing with your friends and
elders at home. List them in Table 1.2.
Some examples are given here. Add
some more items to this list.
Table 1.2 Food items and their
ingredients
m e t I d o o F s t n e i d e r g n I
i t o R / i t a p a h c a t t A r e t a w ,
l a D
/ l i o , t l a s , r e t a w , s e s l u P
e e h g s e c i p s ,
Food:
Where Does it Come From?
1
Fig. 1.1 Different food items
2022-23
SCIENCE 2
Activity 3
Let us take the food items listed earlier
and try to find out where they come from
— the ingredients and their sources.
Some examples are shown in Table 1.3.
Fill in the blanks in Table 1.3 and add
more examples to this list.
What do we find? Do we find some ingredients common
for different food items? Discuss in class.
So, where do these ingredients come from?
1.2 FOOD MATERIALS AND SOURCES
It may be easy for us to guess the sources of some of the
ingredients that we listed in Table 1.2. Fruits and
vegetables, for instance (Fig. 1.2a). Where do they come
from? Plants, of course! What are the sources of rice or
wheat? You may have seen paddy or wheat fields with rows
and rows of plants, which give us these grains (Fig. 1.3).
And then, there are food items like milk, eggs and meat,
which come from animals (Fig. 1.2b).
Table 1.3 Ingredients used to
prepare food items and
their sources
m e t I d o o F s t n e i d e r g n I s e c r u o S
i l d I e c i R t n a l P
l a d d a r U
t l a S
r e t a W
n e k c i h C
y r r u c
n e k c i h C l a m i n A
s e c i p S
/ l i O e e h g
/ s t n a l P
s l a m i n A
r e t a W
r e e h K k l i M l a m i n A
e c i R t n a l P
r a g u S
(a) Plant sources
(b) Animal sources
Fig. 1.2 Sources of
food ingredients
Fig. 1.3 Source of food grains
(a) Paddy field (b) Wheat grains transported
(a)
(b)
2022-23
FOOD: WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? 3
flowers dipped in rice paste and fried?
Try it!
Some plants have two  or more edible
(eatable) parts. Seeds of mustard plants
give us oil and the leaves are
used as a vegetable. Can you think of
the different parts of a banana plant that
are used as food? Think of more
examples where two or more parts of a
single plant are used as food.
What do we conclude from Activity
3? Plants are the sources of food
ingredients like grains, cereals,
vegetables and fruits. Animals provide
us with milk, meat products and eggs.
Cows, goats and buffaloes are some
common animals which give us milk.
Milk and milk products like butter,
cream, cheese and curd are used all over
the world. Can you name some other
animals which give us milk?
1.3 PLANT PARTS AND ANIMAL
PRODUCTS AS FOOD
Plants are one source of our food. Which
parts of a plant?
We eat many leafy vegetables. We eat
fruits of some plants. Sometimes roots,
sometimes stems and even flowers
(Fig 1.4). Have you ever eaten pumpkin
Paheli wants to know if any of our
food comes from sources other
than plants and animals.
Table 1.4  Plant parts as food
 
t n a l p h t i w m e t i d o o F
e c r u o s r o j a m e h t s a
e c r u o s / s t n e i d e r g n I s e v i g h c i h w t r a p t n a l P
t n e i d e r g n i e h t s u
y r r u c l a j n i r B . 1 l a j n i r B t i u r F
) r e h t o y n a ( e c i p s s a i l l i h C t i u r F
, d r a t s u m , t u n d n u o r g m o r f l i O
t n a l p r e h t o y n a , n a e b y o s
d e e S
. 2
. 3
Fig. 1.4 Different edible parts of plants
Flower
Shoot
system
Root
system
Fruit
Bud
Stem
Leaf
Node
Internode
Primary
root
Secondary
root
{
2022-23
Page 4


W
hat did you eat at home
today? Find out what your
friend ate today. Did you eat
the same kind of food yesterday and
today? We all eat different kinds of food
at different times, isn’t it?
1.1 FOOD VARIETY
Activity 1
Ask your friends in the school about the
items they would be eating during a day.
See if you can also get this information
from friends staying in different states
of India. List all the items in your
notebook as given in Table 1.1, for as
many friends as possible.
Table 1.1 What do we eat?
e h t f o e m a N
d n e i r f / t n e d u t s
s m e t i d o o F
y a d a n i n e t a e
There seems to be so much variety
in the food that we eat (Fig 1.1). What
are these food items made of?
Think about rice
cooked at home. We take
raw rice and boil it in
water. Just two materials
or ingredients are
needed to prepare a dish of boiled rice.
On the other hand, some food items
are made with many ingredients. To
prepare vegetable curry, we need
different kinds of vegetables, salt, spices,
oil and so on.
Activity 2
Choose some of the items you listed in
Table 1.1 and try to find out what
ingredients are used to prepare these,
by discussing with your friends and
elders at home. List them in Table 1.2.
Some examples are given here. Add
some more items to this list.
Table 1.2 Food items and their
ingredients
m e t I d o o F s t n e i d e r g n I
i t o R / i t a p a h c a t t A r e t a w ,
l a D
/ l i o , t l a s , r e t a w , s e s l u P
e e h g s e c i p s ,
Food:
Where Does it Come From?
1
Fig. 1.1 Different food items
2022-23
SCIENCE 2
Activity 3
Let us take the food items listed earlier
and try to find out where they come from
— the ingredients and their sources.
Some examples are shown in Table 1.3.
Fill in the blanks in Table 1.3 and add
more examples to this list.
What do we find? Do we find some ingredients common
for different food items? Discuss in class.
So, where do these ingredients come from?
1.2 FOOD MATERIALS AND SOURCES
It may be easy for us to guess the sources of some of the
ingredients that we listed in Table 1.2. Fruits and
vegetables, for instance (Fig. 1.2a). Where do they come
from? Plants, of course! What are the sources of rice or
wheat? You may have seen paddy or wheat fields with rows
and rows of plants, which give us these grains (Fig. 1.3).
And then, there are food items like milk, eggs and meat,
which come from animals (Fig. 1.2b).
Table 1.3 Ingredients used to
prepare food items and
their sources
m e t I d o o F s t n e i d e r g n I s e c r u o S
i l d I e c i R t n a l P
l a d d a r U
t l a S
r e t a W
n e k c i h C
y r r u c
n e k c i h C l a m i n A
s e c i p S
/ l i O e e h g
/ s t n a l P
s l a m i n A
r e t a W
r e e h K k l i M l a m i n A
e c i R t n a l P
r a g u S
(a) Plant sources
(b) Animal sources
Fig. 1.2 Sources of
food ingredients
Fig. 1.3 Source of food grains
(a) Paddy field (b) Wheat grains transported
(a)
(b)
2022-23
FOOD: WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? 3
flowers dipped in rice paste and fried?
Try it!
Some plants have two  or more edible
(eatable) parts. Seeds of mustard plants
give us oil and the leaves are
used as a vegetable. Can you think of
the different parts of a banana plant that
are used as food? Think of more
examples where two or more parts of a
single plant are used as food.
What do we conclude from Activity
3? Plants are the sources of food
ingredients like grains, cereals,
vegetables and fruits. Animals provide
us with milk, meat products and eggs.
Cows, goats and buffaloes are some
common animals which give us milk.
Milk and milk products like butter,
cream, cheese and curd are used all over
the world. Can you name some other
animals which give us milk?
1.3 PLANT PARTS AND ANIMAL
PRODUCTS AS FOOD
Plants are one source of our food. Which
parts of a plant?
We eat many leafy vegetables. We eat
fruits of some plants. Sometimes roots,
sometimes stems and even flowers
(Fig 1.4). Have you ever eaten pumpkin
Paheli wants to know if any of our
food comes from sources other
than plants and animals.
Table 1.4  Plant parts as food
 
t n a l p h t i w m e t i d o o F
e c r u o s r o j a m e h t s a
e c r u o s / s t n e i d e r g n I s e v i g h c i h w t r a p t n a l P
t n e i d e r g n i e h t s u
y r r u c l a j n i r B . 1 l a j n i r B t i u r F
) r e h t o y n a ( e c i p s s a i l l i h C t i u r F
, d r a t s u m , t u n d n u o r g m o r f l i O
t n a l p r e h t o y n a , n a e b y o s
d e e S
. 2
. 3
Fig. 1.4 Different edible parts of plants
Flower
Shoot
system
Root
system
Fruit
Bud
Stem
Leaf
Node
Internode
Primary
root
Secondary
root
{
2022-23
SCIENCE 4
Fig. 1.5 Whole moong and its sprouts
Activity 4
From all the food items you have listed
in Table 1.3, choose those items whose
ingredients are obtained from plants.
Which part of a plant? Identify these
and list the food items and plant parts
as shown in Table 1.4.
Activity  5
Take some dry seeds of moong or chana.
Put a small quantity of seeds in a
container filled with water and leave this
aside for a day. Next day, drain the water
completely and leave the seeds in the
vessel. Wrap them with a piece of wet
cloth and set aside. The following day,
do you observe any changes in the seeds?
covered with a wet cloth. The next day,
see if the seeds have sprouted.
After washing these sprouted seeds,
you can eat them. They can also be
boiled. Add some spices and  get a tasty
snack to eat.
Do you know where honey comes
from, or how it is produced? Have you
seen a beehive where so many bees keep
buzzing about? Bees collect nectar
(sweet juices)  from flowers, convert it
Do not try to taste unknown plants
around you to see if they are edible!
Some plants could be poisonous.
A small white structure may have grown
out of the seeds. If so, the seeds have
sprouted (Fig. 1.5 and 1.6). If not, wash
the seeds in water, drain the water and
leave them aside for another day,
Fig. 1.6 Chana (gram)  and its sprouts
Fig. 1.7 Beehive
into honey and store it in their hive
(Fig. 1.7). Flowers and their nectar may
be available only for a part of the year.
So, bees store this nectar for their use
all through the year. When we find such
a beehive, we collect the food stored by
the bees as honey.
1.5 WHAT DO ANIMALS EAT?
Do you have cattle or a pet that you take
care of? A dog, cat, buffalo or a goat?
2022-23
Page 5


W
hat did you eat at home
today? Find out what your
friend ate today. Did you eat
the same kind of food yesterday and
today? We all eat different kinds of food
at different times, isn’t it?
1.1 FOOD VARIETY
Activity 1
Ask your friends in the school about the
items they would be eating during a day.
See if you can also get this information
from friends staying in different states
of India. List all the items in your
notebook as given in Table 1.1, for as
many friends as possible.
Table 1.1 What do we eat?
e h t f o e m a N
d n e i r f / t n e d u t s
s m e t i d o o F
y a d a n i n e t a e
There seems to be so much variety
in the food that we eat (Fig 1.1). What
are these food items made of?
Think about rice
cooked at home. We take
raw rice and boil it in
water. Just two materials
or ingredients are
needed to prepare a dish of boiled rice.
On the other hand, some food items
are made with many ingredients. To
prepare vegetable curry, we need
different kinds of vegetables, salt, spices,
oil and so on.
Activity 2
Choose some of the items you listed in
Table 1.1 and try to find out what
ingredients are used to prepare these,
by discussing with your friends and
elders at home. List them in Table 1.2.
Some examples are given here. Add
some more items to this list.
Table 1.2 Food items and their
ingredients
m e t I d o o F s t n e i d e r g n I
i t o R / i t a p a h c a t t A r e t a w ,
l a D
/ l i o , t l a s , r e t a w , s e s l u P
e e h g s e c i p s ,
Food:
Where Does it Come From?
1
Fig. 1.1 Different food items
2022-23
SCIENCE 2
Activity 3
Let us take the food items listed earlier
and try to find out where they come from
— the ingredients and their sources.
Some examples are shown in Table 1.3.
Fill in the blanks in Table 1.3 and add
more examples to this list.
What do we find? Do we find some ingredients common
for different food items? Discuss in class.
So, where do these ingredients come from?
1.2 FOOD MATERIALS AND SOURCES
It may be easy for us to guess the sources of some of the
ingredients that we listed in Table 1.2. Fruits and
vegetables, for instance (Fig. 1.2a). Where do they come
from? Plants, of course! What are the sources of rice or
wheat? You may have seen paddy or wheat fields with rows
and rows of plants, which give us these grains (Fig. 1.3).
And then, there are food items like milk, eggs and meat,
which come from animals (Fig. 1.2b).
Table 1.3 Ingredients used to
prepare food items and
their sources
m e t I d o o F s t n e i d e r g n I s e c r u o S
i l d I e c i R t n a l P
l a d d a r U
t l a S
r e t a W
n e k c i h C
y r r u c
n e k c i h C l a m i n A
s e c i p S
/ l i O e e h g
/ s t n a l P
s l a m i n A
r e t a W
r e e h K k l i M l a m i n A
e c i R t n a l P
r a g u S
(a) Plant sources
(b) Animal sources
Fig. 1.2 Sources of
food ingredients
Fig. 1.3 Source of food grains
(a) Paddy field (b) Wheat grains transported
(a)
(b)
2022-23
FOOD: WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? 3
flowers dipped in rice paste and fried?
Try it!
Some plants have two  or more edible
(eatable) parts. Seeds of mustard plants
give us oil and the leaves are
used as a vegetable. Can you think of
the different parts of a banana plant that
are used as food? Think of more
examples where two or more parts of a
single plant are used as food.
What do we conclude from Activity
3? Plants are the sources of food
ingredients like grains, cereals,
vegetables and fruits. Animals provide
us with milk, meat products and eggs.
Cows, goats and buffaloes are some
common animals which give us milk.
Milk and milk products like butter,
cream, cheese and curd are used all over
the world. Can you name some other
animals which give us milk?
1.3 PLANT PARTS AND ANIMAL
PRODUCTS AS FOOD
Plants are one source of our food. Which
parts of a plant?
We eat many leafy vegetables. We eat
fruits of some plants. Sometimes roots,
sometimes stems and even flowers
(Fig 1.4). Have you ever eaten pumpkin
Paheli wants to know if any of our
food comes from sources other
than plants and animals.
Table 1.4  Plant parts as food
 
t n a l p h t i w m e t i d o o F
e c r u o s r o j a m e h t s a
e c r u o s / s t n e i d e r g n I s e v i g h c i h w t r a p t n a l P
t n e i d e r g n i e h t s u
y r r u c l a j n i r B . 1 l a j n i r B t i u r F
) r e h t o y n a ( e c i p s s a i l l i h C t i u r F
, d r a t s u m , t u n d n u o r g m o r f l i O
t n a l p r e h t o y n a , n a e b y o s
d e e S
. 2
. 3
Fig. 1.4 Different edible parts of plants
Flower
Shoot
system
Root
system
Fruit
Bud
Stem
Leaf
Node
Internode
Primary
root
Secondary
root
{
2022-23
SCIENCE 4
Fig. 1.5 Whole moong and its sprouts
Activity 4
From all the food items you have listed
in Table 1.3, choose those items whose
ingredients are obtained from plants.
Which part of a plant? Identify these
and list the food items and plant parts
as shown in Table 1.4.
Activity  5
Take some dry seeds of moong or chana.
Put a small quantity of seeds in a
container filled with water and leave this
aside for a day. Next day, drain the water
completely and leave the seeds in the
vessel. Wrap them with a piece of wet
cloth and set aside. The following day,
do you observe any changes in the seeds?
covered with a wet cloth. The next day,
see if the seeds have sprouted.
After washing these sprouted seeds,
you can eat them. They can also be
boiled. Add some spices and  get a tasty
snack to eat.
Do you know where honey comes
from, or how it is produced? Have you
seen a beehive where so many bees keep
buzzing about? Bees collect nectar
(sweet juices)  from flowers, convert it
Do not try to taste unknown plants
around you to see if they are edible!
Some plants could be poisonous.
A small white structure may have grown
out of the seeds. If so, the seeds have
sprouted (Fig. 1.5 and 1.6). If not, wash
the seeds in water, drain the water and
leave them aside for another day,
Fig. 1.6 Chana (gram)  and its sprouts
Fig. 1.7 Beehive
into honey and store it in their hive
(Fig. 1.7). Flowers and their nectar may
be available only for a part of the year.
So, bees store this nectar for their use
all through the year. When we find such
a beehive, we collect the food stored by
the bees as honey.
1.5 WHAT DO ANIMALS EAT?
Do you have cattle or a pet that you take
care of? A dog, cat, buffalo or a goat?
2022-23
FOOD: WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? 5
You will then surely be aware of the food,
the animal eats. What about other
animals? Have you ever observed what
a squirrel (Fig 1.8), pigeon, lizard or a
small insect may be eating as their food?
Activity 6
Several animals are listed in Table 1.5.
For some of them, the type of food they
eat is also given. Fill in the blanks in
the table.
Activity 7
Have a look again at Table 1.5 and group
the animals entered here as follows.
Place animals which eat only plants or
plant products in Group 1. These are
called herbivores. There are some
animals which eat other animals.
Place these in Group 2. These animals
are called carnivores. Do you find
some animals which eat both plants
and animals? Place them in Group 3.
These are called omnivores. Prepare
a table as in Table 1.6 and enter
these separately in the three columns,
as shown.
Paheli wants to know where you
would place human beings,
while filling Table 1.6.
We know that there are many
amongst us, who do not get sufficient
Table 1.5 Animals and their Food
e h t f o e m a N
l a m i n a
e h t d o o F
s t a e l a m i n a
o l a f f u B
, e k a c l i o , s s a r G
s n i a r g , y a h
t a C
, s l a m i n a l l a m S
k l i m , s d r i b
t a R
n o i L
r e g i T
r e d i p S
d r a z i l e s u o H
w o C
s g n i e b n a m u H
y l f r e t t u B
w o r C
s r e h t O
Table 1.6
s e r o v i b r e H s e r o v i n r a C s e r o v i n m O
w o C n o i L g o D
Fig. 1.8 Squirrel eating nuts
2022-23