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FAQs on NCERT Textbook: Freedom, Political Theory, Class 11 - UPSC

1. What is the concept of freedom in political theory?
Ans. Freedom, in the context of political theory, refers to the ability of individuals to act and make choices without interference or constraints from external forces or authorities. It is a fundamental principle that upholds the rights and autonomy of individuals in a society. Political theorists explore different dimensions of freedom, including negative freedom (freedom from external constraints) and positive freedom (freedom to pursue one's goals and develop one's capacities). The concept of freedom is central to the study of political theory as it helps to analyze power relations, rights, and responsibilities within a political system.
2. What are the different types of freedom discussed in the NCERT textbook?
Ans. The NCERT textbook discusses two main types of freedom: negative freedom and positive freedom. Negative freedom refers to the absence of external constraints or interference in an individual's actions or choices. It emphasizes the protection of individual rights and liberties from undue restrictions by the state or other authorities. Positive freedom, on the other hand, refers to the capability of individuals to act and pursue their goals effectively. It involves the provision of resources, opportunities, and social conditions that enable individuals to exercise their freedom meaningfully. The textbook highlights the importance of balancing both types of freedom for a just and inclusive society.
3. How does political theory relate to the concept of freedom?
Ans. Political theory examines the relationship between power, authority, and the concept of freedom. It seeks to understand how political systems and institutions can either promote or limit individuals' freedom. Political theorists analyze the role of the state, laws, and governance in safeguarding individual rights and liberties. They explore the distribution of power and resources within a society and how it impacts people's freedom. By studying political theory, individuals gain insights into the different ideologies, philosophies, and principles that shape the understanding and realization of freedom in a political context.
4. Can freedom be absolute in a society?
Ans. Freedom cannot be absolute in a society as it is always subject to certain limitations and restrictions. The exercise of freedom must be balanced with the need for social order, justice, and the well-being of the entire community. Absolute freedom would lead to chaos, conflicts, and the infringement of others' rights. Therefore, societies establish laws, norms, and regulations to set boundaries on individual freedom. These restrictions aim to prevent harm, maintain public order, and ensure the fair and equitable treatment of all individuals. While limitations on freedom are necessary, they should be carefully justified and not unduly infringe upon the essential rights and liberties of individuals.
5. How does the concept of freedom relate to democracy?
Ans. The concept of freedom is closely tied to democracy. Democracy is a political system that seeks to ensure the participation, representation, and protection of individual rights and freedoms. It provides citizens with the opportunity to express their opinions, elect representatives, and actively engage in decision-making processes. Freedom of speech, assembly, and association are fundamental rights within a democratic society. Democracy recognizes the value of individual autonomy and aims to create a political environment where citizens can exercise their freedom without fear of repression or discrimination. The principles of freedom and democracy are interdependent, with freedom serving as a cornerstone of democratic governance.
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