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FAQs on NCERT Textbook - Citizenship, Political Theory, Class 11 - UPSC

1. What is the concept of citizenship in political theory?
Ans. Citizenship in political theory refers to the legal and social status of an individual within a particular nation-state. It grants certain rights and responsibilities to individuals, such as the right to vote, the right to participate in public affairs, and the duty to obey laws. Citizenship is often associated with the notion of membership in a political community and plays a crucial role in defining the relationship between individuals and the state.
2. What are the different types of citizenship?
Ans. There are primarily two types of citizenship: jus soli and jus sanguinis. Jus soli, also known as birthright citizenship, is the concept that grants citizenship to individuals based on their place of birth. Jus sanguinis, on the other hand, is the concept of citizenship based on the nationality or ethnicity of one's parents. Some countries also offer naturalized citizenship, which is obtained through a legal process after fulfilling certain requirements, such as residing in the country for a specified period and passing a citizenship test.
3. What are the rights and responsibilities of citizenship?
Ans. The rights of citizenship vary from country to country but often include fundamental rights such as the right to life, liberty, and equality before the law. These rights may also encompass political rights, such as the right to vote and participate in public affairs, as well as social and economic rights, such as the right to education, healthcare, and social security. Along with these rights, citizenship also entails certain responsibilities, including obeying laws, paying taxes, and defending the nation if required.
4. How does citizenship relate to political participation?
Ans. Citizenship is closely linked to political participation as it provides individuals with the opportunity to engage in the decision-making process of their country. Through the right to vote, citizens can elect representatives who will make laws and policies on their behalf. Citizenship also allows individuals to participate in public debates, express their opinions, join political parties, and engage in other forms of political activism to shape the direction of their society. Political participation is considered vital for a healthy democracy and active citizenship.
5. Can citizenship be revoked or acquired?
Ans. Yes, citizenship can be revoked or acquired under certain circumstances. Revocation of citizenship can occur if an individual engages in activities that threaten the security or integrity of the nation-state, such as treason or terrorism. However, the revocation of citizenship is a complex legal process and is subject to the laws of each country. Acquiring citizenship often involves meeting specific criteria set by the country, such as residing in the nation for a specified period, passing a citizenship test, and demonstrating knowledge of the language and culture. Naturalization is one common method of acquiring citizenship for individuals who are not born citizens of a particular country.
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