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Which one of the following statement is CORRECT?
- a)The nature of combined correction due to curvature and refraction is additive.
- b)The figure on the staff are distinct if the staff is kept near to the level.
- c)In levelling, if the previous reading is less than the next consecutive reading, it indicates a rise.
- d)The effect of curvature and refraction can be neglected, if the instrument is kept midway.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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Which one of the following statement is CORRECT?a)The nature of combin...
Curvature correction is negative and refraction correction is positive. If previous reading is less than the next consecutive reading then it will indicate a falling gradient.
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Which one of the following statement is CORRECT?a)The nature of combin...
Nature of Combined Correction due to Curvature and Refraction
The correct statement among the given options is option 'D', which states that the effect of curvature and refraction can be neglected if the instrument is kept midway. In order to understand why this statement is correct, let's discuss the nature of combined correction due to curvature and refraction.
Curvature of the Earth
- The Earth is not perfectly flat, and it has a curved surface.
- When we perform leveling over long distances, the curvature of the Earth becomes a significant factor that needs to be considered.
- Due to the curvature, the line of sight between the leveling instrument and the leveling staff is not horizontal. It gradually slopes downward as the distance increases.
- This curvature effect results in a cumulative error, which needs to be corrected to obtain accurate leveling measurements.
Refraction
- Refraction is the bending of light rays as they pass through different mediums, such as air layers of varying densities.
- When performing leveling, the light rays from the leveling instrument to the staff pass through the Earth's atmosphere, which is composed of air layers of varying densities.
- These air layers cause refraction, which results in the bending of light rays. As a result, the apparent position of the staff is shifted.
- This refraction effect also introduces errors in leveling measurements, which need to be corrected for accurate results.
Combined Correction
- The combined correction due to curvature and refraction is the sum of the individual corrections for curvature and refraction.
- The curvature correction is always negative, as it is subtracted from the observed staff reading.
- The refraction correction can be positive or negative, depending on the conditions.
- The combined correction is applied to the staff reading to obtain the true reduced level.
Effect of Midway Position
- When the instrument is positioned midway between the starting and ending points of the leveling traverse, the effect of curvature and refraction cancels out to a great extent.
- This is because the instrument is equidistant from both ends, and the curvature and refraction effects are symmetrical.
- Therefore, the combined correction due to curvature and refraction becomes negligible when the instrument is kept midway.
- However, it's important to note that if the leveling traverse is very long, the effect of curvature and refraction may still be significant, even when the instrument is kept midway. In such cases, appropriate corrections must be applied.
In conclusion, the correct statement is that the effect of curvature and refraction can be neglected if the instrument is kept midway. However, it's crucial to consider the specific conditions and the length of the leveling traverse to ensure accurate leveling measurements.
The correct statement among the given options is option 'D', which states that the effect of curvature and refraction can be neglected if the instrument is kept midway. In order to understand why this statement is correct, let's discuss the nature of combined correction due to curvature and refraction.
Curvature of the Earth
- The Earth is not perfectly flat, and it has a curved surface.
- When we perform leveling over long distances, the curvature of the Earth becomes a significant factor that needs to be considered.
- Due to the curvature, the line of sight between the leveling instrument and the leveling staff is not horizontal. It gradually slopes downward as the distance increases.
- This curvature effect results in a cumulative error, which needs to be corrected to obtain accurate leveling measurements.
Refraction
- Refraction is the bending of light rays as they pass through different mediums, such as air layers of varying densities.
- When performing leveling, the light rays from the leveling instrument to the staff pass through the Earth's atmosphere, which is composed of air layers of varying densities.
- These air layers cause refraction, which results in the bending of light rays. As a result, the apparent position of the staff is shifted.
- This refraction effect also introduces errors in leveling measurements, which need to be corrected for accurate results.
Combined Correction
- The combined correction due to curvature and refraction is the sum of the individual corrections for curvature and refraction.
- The curvature correction is always negative, as it is subtracted from the observed staff reading.
- The refraction correction can be positive or negative, depending on the conditions.
- The combined correction is applied to the staff reading to obtain the true reduced level.
Effect of Midway Position
- When the instrument is positioned midway between the starting and ending points of the leveling traverse, the effect of curvature and refraction cancels out to a great extent.
- This is because the instrument is equidistant from both ends, and the curvature and refraction effects are symmetrical.
- Therefore, the combined correction due to curvature and refraction becomes negligible when the instrument is kept midway.
- However, it's important to note that if the leveling traverse is very long, the effect of curvature and refraction may still be significant, even when the instrument is kept midway. In such cases, appropriate corrections must be applied.
In conclusion, the correct statement is that the effect of curvature and refraction can be neglected if the instrument is kept midway. However, it's crucial to consider the specific conditions and the length of the leveling traverse to ensure accurate leveling measurements.
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Which one of the following statement is CORRECT?a)The nature of combined correction due to curvature and refraction is additive.b)The figure on the staff are distinct if the staff is kept near to the level.c)In levelling, if the previous reading is less than the next consecutive reading, it indicates a rise.d)The effect of curvature and refraction can be neglected, if the instrument is kept midway.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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Which one of the following statement is CORRECT?a)The nature of combined correction due to curvature and refraction is additive.b)The figure on the staff are distinct if the staff is kept near to the level.c)In levelling, if the previous reading is less than the next consecutive reading, it indicates a rise.d)The effect of curvature and refraction can be neglected, if the instrument is kept midway.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? for Civil Engineering (CE) 2024 is part of Civil Engineering (CE) preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Civil Engineering (CE) exam syllabus. Information about Which one of the following statement is CORRECT?a)The nature of combined correction due to curvature and refraction is additive.b)The figure on the staff are distinct if the staff is kept near to the level.c)In levelling, if the previous reading is less than the next consecutive reading, it indicates a rise.d)The effect of curvature and refraction can be neglected, if the instrument is kept midway.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Civil Engineering (CE) 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Which one of the following statement is CORRECT?a)The nature of combined correction due to curvature and refraction is additive.b)The figure on the staff are distinct if the staff is kept near to the level.c)In levelling, if the previous reading is less than the next consecutive reading, it indicates a rise.d)The effect of curvature and refraction can be neglected, if the instrument is kept midway.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?.
Which one of the following statement is CORRECT?a)The nature of combined correction due to curvature and refraction is additive.b)The figure on the staff are distinct if the staff is kept near to the level.c)In levelling, if the previous reading is less than the next consecutive reading, it indicates a rise.d)The effect of curvature and refraction can be neglected, if the instrument is kept midway.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? for Civil Engineering (CE) 2024 is part of Civil Engineering (CE) preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Civil Engineering (CE) exam syllabus. Information about Which one of the following statement is CORRECT?a)The nature of combined correction due to curvature and refraction is additive.b)The figure on the staff are distinct if the staff is kept near to the level.c)In levelling, if the previous reading is less than the next consecutive reading, it indicates a rise.d)The effect of curvature and refraction can be neglected, if the instrument is kept midway.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Civil Engineering (CE) 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Which one of the following statement is CORRECT?a)The nature of combined correction due to curvature and refraction is additive.b)The figure on the staff are distinct if the staff is kept near to the level.c)In levelling, if the previous reading is less than the next consecutive reading, it indicates a rise.d)The effect of curvature and refraction can be neglected, if the instrument is kept midway.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?.
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