Introduction:
The collapse of the Tsarist autocracy in Russia was a result of a combination of political, economic, and social factors. These factors contributed to widespread discontent among the Russian population, leading to the eventual downfall of the autocratic regime.

Political Factors:
1. Weak Leadership: Tsar Nicholas II, the last Tsar of Russia, was a weak and indecisive leader. His inability to effectively address the country's problems and implement necessary reforms undermined the legitimacy of the autocracy.
2. Repressive Policies: The Tsarist regime employed repressive measures to suppress political opposition, including censorship, secret police, and political persecution. Such policies fueled public resentment and fostered a climate of dissent.

Economic Factors:
1. Socioeconomic Inequality: Russia was plagued by extreme socioeconomic inequality, with a small elite controlling the majority of the country's wealth. The vast majority of the population, particularly the peasants and industrial workers, faced dire living conditions and economic hardship.
2. Industrialization and Modernization: Rapid industrialization in Russia led to significant social and economic changes. However, the working class faced low wages, long hours, and poor working conditions, which further fueled discontent.

Social Factors:
1. Rise of Revolutionary Movements: Revolutionary movements, such as the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks, gained support among the working class and intellectuals. These groups advocated for radical change and the overthrow of the autocracy.
2. World War I: Russia's involvement in World War I exacerbated the country's economic and social problems. The war effort strained resources, leading to food shortages and inflation. The heavy loss of life on the front lines further fueled public anger and discontent.

Popular Unrest:
1. 1917 February Revolution: Widespread strikes, protests, and mutinies by workers and soldiers in Petrograd (now St. Petersburg) led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II. The Provisional Government, established in its place, failed to address the country's problems adequately.
2. October Revolution: The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, capitalized on the popular discontent and overthrew the Provisional Government in the October Revolution of 1917. This event marked the end of the Tsarist autocracy and the establishment of a socialist state in Russia.

Conclusion:
The collapse of the Tsarist autocracy in Russia was a culmination of political, economic, and social factors. Weak leadership, repressive policies, socioeconomic inequality, industrialization, revolutionary movements, and the impact of World War I all contributed to widespread discontent and eventually led to the downfall of the autocratic regime. The February and October Revolutions of 1917 marked the end of the Tsarist autocracy and the beginning of a new era in Russian history.