**Prokaryotic Cell vs Eukaryotic Cell:**

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are the two major types of cells that exist in living organisms. They differ in their structure, organization, and complexity.

**Prokaryotic Cell:**
Prokaryotic cells are relatively simple, single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They are found in bacteria and archaea. Here are the key characteristics of prokaryotic cells:

1. **Cellular Structure:** Prokaryotic cells are small, typically ranging from 0.1 to 5 micrometers in size. They have a simple structure with a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a cell wall made of peptidoglycan (in bacteria) or pseudomurein (in archaea).

2. **Lack of Nucleus:** Prokaryotic cells lack a well-defined nucleus. Instead, their genetic material is present in the form of a single circular DNA molecule located in the cytoplasm. This region is called the nucleoid.

3. **Absence of Membrane-bound Organelles:** Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. However, they may contain specialized structures like ribosomes, flagella, pili, and plasmids.

4. **Reproduction:** Prokaryotic cells reproduce asexually through binary fission, a process in which the DNA replicates and the cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

**Eukaryotic Cell:**
Eukaryotic cells are more complex and larger than prokaryotic cells. They are found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists. Here are the key characteristics of eukaryotic cells:

1. **Cellular Structure:** Eukaryotic cells are larger, usually ranging from 10 to 100 micrometers in size. They have a well-defined nucleus enclosed within a nuclear membrane. The cytoplasm contains various membrane-bound organelles, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles.

2. **Nucleus:** The nucleus houses the genetic material, which is organized into multiple linear DNA molecules called chromosomes. The DNA is associated with proteins called histones and forms a complex called chromatin.

3. **Membrane-bound Organelles:** Eukaryotes possess membrane-bound organelles that perform specific functions within the cell. For example, mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration, while the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism.

4. **Reproduction:** Eukaryotic cells reproduce through mitosis or meiosis. Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis is involved in the formation of gametes (sex cells) with half the number of chromosomes.

In conclusion, prokaryotic cells are simpler and lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells are more complex, have a nucleus, and possess various membrane-bound organelles. The distinction between these two cell types reflects their evolutionary history and adaptation to different environments.

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, whileprokaryotic cells do not.Differences in cellular structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotesinclude the presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts, the cell wall, and the structure of chromosomal DNA.