Glossary of Chapter Notes - The Indian Constitution

1. Constitution
- The fundamental law of a country that establishes the framework of government, outlines the rights and duties of citizens, and defines the structure of the state.

2. Fundamental Rights
- Basic rights guaranteed to all citizens under the Indian Constitution, such as the right to equality, freedom of speech, and right to life and liberty.

3. Directive Principles of State Policy
- Guidelines for the government to promote social justice, economic welfare, and other rights of citizens. These principles are not enforceable by courts but are fundamental in governance.

4. Federalism
- A system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units, such as states or provinces. India follows a quasi-federal system.

5. Judiciary
- The branch of government responsible for interpreting laws, resolving disputes, and upholding the Constitution. The Indian judiciary is independent of the executive and legislative branches.

6. Secularism
- The principle of separation of religion and state. India is a secular nation, where the state does not endorse any religion and citizens have the freedom to practice their faith.

7. Parliament
- The supreme legislative body in India, consisting of the President, Rajya Sabha (Council of States), and Lok Sabha (House of the People). Parliament is responsible for making laws and overseeing the government.

8. Amendments
- Changes or additions made to the Constitution to adapt to evolving social, political, and economic conditions. The Indian Constitution has been amended several times since its adoption in 1950.