Formation of the Peninsular Plateaus:

The formation of the Peninsular Plateaus is attributed to various geological processes that took place over millions of years. These plateaus are primarily composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks, with some sedimentary deposits. The formation can be summarized as follows:

1. Tectonic Activity:
The Peninsular Plateaus were formed due to intense tectonic activity during the Precambrian era, around 3 billion years ago. The collision of the Indian Plate with the Eurasian Plate resulted in the upliftment and folding of the crust, leading to the formation of the Peninsular Plateaus.

2. Volcanic Activity:
Volcanic eruptions played a significant role in the formation of the Peninsular Plateaus. The intense volcanic activity led to the deposition of lava flows over large areas. These lava flows solidified over time, forming extensive basaltic rock formations that constitute a significant portion of the plateaus.

3. Erosion and Weathering:
Over millions of years, the Peninsular Plateaus have undergone extensive erosion and weathering processes. These processes have sculpted the landscape, creating distinct features such as valleys, gorges, and deep river channels. The continuous action of wind, water, and glaciers has contributed to the formation of these features.

4. Hard and Resistant Rock:
The Peninsular Plateaus are characterized by the presence of hard and resistant rocks such as granite, gneiss, and basalt. These rocks have withstood the effects of weathering and erosion, resulting in the formation of rugged and steep terrain. The presence of these hard rocks has also contributed to the formation of unique landforms like inselbergs (isolated hills) and monoliths.

Distinct Features of the Peninsular Plateaus:
1. Mesas and Plateaus:
The Peninsular Plateaus are characterized by extensive flat-topped plateaus and mesas. These elevated areas have steep cliffs or slopes on their edges. Examples include the Deccan Plateau and the Malwa Plateau.

2. Deep River Valleys:
The plateaus are dissected by numerous rivers, resulting in the formation of deep valleys. These valleys, such as the Bhagirathi Gorge and the Satpura Gorge, offer breathtaking scenic beauty and are often associated with waterfalls and rapids.

3. Canyons and Ravines:
The plateaus exhibit narrow canyons and ravines formed by the erosive action of rivers. These features, such as the Chambal Ravines and the Panna Ravines, add to the unique topography of the Peninsular Plateaus.

4. Rock Formations:
The plateaus boast distinctive rock formations like columnar basalts, granite domes, and volcanic plugs. These formations, such as the Devil's Postpile and the Bhimshankar Temple rock formation, are a result of volcanic activity and subsequent weathering.

The Peninsular Plateaus are a testament to the geological processes and forces that have shaped the Earth's surface over millions of years. Their distinct features showcase the beauty and diversity of our planet's landscapes.