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Breadth First Search (BFS) is started on a binary tree beginning from the root vertex. There is a vertex t at a distance four from the root. If t is the n-th vertex in this BFS traversal, then the maximum possible value of n is ________ [This Question was originally a Fill-in-the-blanks Question]
  • a)
    15
  • b)
    16
  • c)
    31
  • d)
    32
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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Breadth First Search (BFS) is started on a binary tree beginning from ...
It would be node number 31 for given distance 4. For example if we consider at distance 2, below highlighted node G can be the farthest node at position 7.
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Breadth First Search (BFS) is started on a binary tree beginning from ...
Breadth First Search (BFS) is a graph traversal algorithm that explores all the vertices of a graph in breadth-first order, i.e., it visits all the vertices at the same level before moving on to the next level. In the case of a binary tree, BFS starts from the root vertex and explores its children level by level.

To find the maximum possible value of n, we need to determine the number of vertices visited before reaching vertex t at a distance four from the root. Let's analyze the BFS traversal process step by step:

Step 1: The root vertex is visited first.
Step 2: The children of the root vertex are visited next.
Step 3: The grandchildren of the root vertex are visited next.
Step 4: The great-grandchildren of the root vertex are visited next.
Step 5: The distance four vertices from the root are visited next.

Since we are interested in finding the maximum possible value of n, we need to consider the worst-case scenario. In this scenario, every vertex at distance four from the root is visited before vertex t. Therefore, we need to determine the number of vertices at distance four from the root in the binary tree.

In a binary tree, the number of vertices at distance k from the root can be calculated using the formula 2^k, where k is the level. Therefore, the number of vertices at distance four from the root is 2^4 = 16.

Since the vertices at distance four from the root are visited before vertex t, the maximum possible value of n is 16. Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
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