Reaction of Ethylene with Hydrogen Chloride to form Ethyl Chloride:

Ethyl chloride (C2H5Cl) is prepared by the reaction of ethylene (C2H4) with hydrogen chloride (HCl). This reaction can be represented by the following chemical equation:

C2H4 + HCl → C2H5Cl

Calculating the ∆U (Change in Internal Energy):

To calculate the ∆U (change in internal energy) of the reaction, we need to consider the stoichiometry of the reaction as well as the enthalpies of formation for the reactants and products involved.

1. Determine the moles of ethylene (C2H4) and hydrogen chloride (HCl):
- Moles of C2H4 = mass of C2H4 / molar mass of C2H4
- Moles of HCl = mass of HCl / molar mass of HCl

2. Determine the limiting reactant:
- Compare the moles of C2H4 and HCl to determine which is present in the limiting amount. The reactant that is completely consumed in the reaction is the limiting reactant.

3. Determine the moles of ethyl chloride (C2H5Cl) formed:
- According to the balanced chemical equation, the molar ratio between ethylene and ethyl chloride is 1:1. Therefore, the moles of C2H5Cl formed will be equal to the moles of the limiting reactant.

4. Calculate the heat of reaction (∆H):
- The heat of reaction (∆H) can be calculated using the enthalpies of formation (∆Hf) of the reactants and products involved. The ∆Hf values are usually given in a table of thermodynamic data.

5. Calculate the ∆U (change in internal energy):
- The ∆U (change in internal energy) of the reaction can be calculated using the equation: ∆U = ∆H - ∆nRT
- ∆H: heat of reaction (calculated in step 4)
- ∆n: change in moles of gas molecules (products - reactants)
- R: gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K))
- T: temperature in Kelvin

Explanation:

The value of ∆U can be determined by following the steps mentioned above. The enthalpies of formation, molar masses, and temperature are required to perform the calculations. Once the moles of reactants and products are determined, the limiting reactant is identified. Using the balanced chemical equation, the moles of ethyl chloride formed can be calculated.

The heat of reaction (∆H) is calculated using the enthalpies of formation of the reactants and products. Finally, the change in moles of gas molecules (∆n) is determined by subtracting the moles of reactants from the moles of products.

Using the equation ∆U = ∆H - ∆nRT, the ∆U value can be calculated by substituting the respective values obtained from the previous steps.

Note: The specific values of the enthalpies of formation, molar masses, and temperature are not provided in the question. Therefore, the exact calculation