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Difference between mahalwari and permanent settlement?
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Difference between mahalwari and permanent settlement?
Under the Permanent Settlement the revenue was fixed or decided as per the land holdings of the peasants; In Mahalwari system revenue was to be paid by village known as mahal. ... In Permanent Settlement the zamindars collected the revenue. But in Mahalwari system the village headman had to collect the revenue..



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Difference between mahalwari and permanent settlement?
Difference between Mahalwari and Permanent Settlement


Both Mahalwari and Permanent Settlement are two different types of land revenue systems which were imposed by the British in India. Here are the main differences between the two:


Mahalwari



  • Mahalwari was introduced in the early 19th century by Lord Cornwallis.

  • It was mainly implemented in the North-Western Provinces and parts of Punjab, Delhi, and Rajputana.

  • In this system, the land was divided into mahals or villages, and the revenue was collected from each mahal.

  • The revenue was collected from the peasants who were the actual cultivators of the land.

  • The mahal was responsible for paying the revenue to the government.

  • The land was owned by the village community or the zamindar, who was the head of the village.

  • The revenue was fixed on the basis of the average produce of the mahal over a period of time.

  • The revenue was revised after every 30 years.

  • The mahalwari system was considered to be a liberal system as it allowed the zamindars and peasants to work together.



Permanent Settlement



  • Permanent Settlement was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793.

  • It was mainly implemented in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.

  • In this system, the land was divided into estates, and the revenue was collected from each estate.

  • The revenue was fixed for each estate for perpetuity.

  • The land was owned by the zamindars, who had the right to collect the revenue from the peasants.

  • The zamindars were responsible for paying the revenue to the government.

  • The revenue was fixed on the basis of the average produce of the estate over a period of time.

  • The revenue was not revised, which led to the exploitation of the peasants by the zamindars.

  • The Permanent Settlement system was considered to be exploitative as it gave zamindars permanent rights over the land and the peasants.



Conclusion


Both Mahalwari and Permanent Settlement systems were introduced by the British to collect revenue from the landowners in India. While the Mahalwari system was considered to be a liberal system that allowed the zamindars and peasants to work together, the Permanent Settlement system was considered to be exploitative as it gave permanent rights to the zamindars over the land and the peasants.
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Difference between mahalwari and permanent settlement?
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