Russia was a monarchy. Tsar Nicholas 2 ruled Russia and it's empire . that extended current day fineland, Lithuania, Estonia, parts of Poland, Ukraine and balarus. The Tsar believed in the divine rights of King they were not responsible to the parliament. All political parties were illegal in Russia

Political Causes of the Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a monumental event that led to the overthrow of the Tsarist autocracy and the establishment of a socialist state in Russia. Several political factors contributed to the outbreak of the revolution, which can be explored in detail:

1. Autocratic Rule of the Tsar:
- The Tsarist regime, under the autocratic rule of Nicholas II, was characterized by absolute power and limited political freedom.
- The Tsar's refusal to share power and his mishandling of political and economic crises created discontent among the masses, particularly the working class and peasants.

2. Social Inequality and Oppression:
- Russia was divided into distinct social classes, with a small aristocracy and bourgeoisie enjoying wealth and privileges, while the majority of the population, including peasants and workers, lived in poverty and faced harsh working conditions.
- The stark social inequality and oppression fueled widespread dissatisfaction and a desire for change.

3. Lack of Political Representation:
- The Russian political system lacked representation and participation from the general population.
- The State Duma, an elected legislative body, was largely controlled by the Tsar and his appointed officials, limiting the influence of the people in decision-making processes.

4. Economic Crisis:
- Russia faced severe economic challenges, including food shortages, inflation, and a decline in living standards.
- The burdens of World War I further exacerbated the economic crisis, leading to widespread discontent and unrest.

5. Influence of Political Movements:
- Various political movements, such as the Social Democrats and Social Revolutionaries, emerged in response to the autocratic rule and social inequality in Russia.
- These movements advocated for political reforms, workers' rights, and the redistribution of land, gaining support among the masses and contributing to the revolutionary sentiment.

6. Weaknesses in Government Institutions:
- The Tsarist government was plagued by inefficiency, corruption, and a lack of accountability.
- The ineffective bureaucracy and the inability to address pressing issues eroded public trust in the government and further fueled revolutionary sentiment.

7. Influence of World War I:
- Russia's involvement in World War I strained its resources, resulting in widespread suffering and discontent.
- The military failures and casualties on the Eastern Front further intensified public dissatisfaction and increased support for revolutionary movements.

In conclusion, the Russian Revolution was primarily caused by the autocratic rule of the Tsar, social inequality, lack of political representation, economic crisis, influence of political movements, weaknesses in government institutions, and the impact of World War I. These factors combined to create a volatile environment that ultimately led to the overthrow of the Tsarist regime and the emergence of a new political order in Russia.