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Consider a DRAM chip connected to a channel having 8 memory banks. A bank contain 16K rows. DRAM is refreshed once per 64ms. And refreshing operation takes 60ns(nano second). How many refresh operation performed in 1 sec?( 1 sec ≈ 1.024 sec).
  • a)
    211
  • b)
    219
  • c)
    222
  • d)
    221
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
Consider a DRAM chip connected to a channel having 8 memory banks. A b...
Total number of rows in the bank is 214. Total number of banks is 8. And in 1.024 sec total number of refresh operation performed by the controller is 1024/64 =16.
Total number of refresh operation performed by the controller is
214 × 8 × 16 = 221
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Most Upvoted Answer
Consider a DRAM chip connected to a channel having 8 memory banks. A b...
Understanding DRAM Refresh Operations
To determine how many refresh operations are performed in one second for the given DRAM chip, we need to analyze the refresh cycle details.
Given Parameters:
- Refresh interval: 64 ms
- Time taken for one refresh operation: 60 ns
- Total time in one second: 1 sec (approximately 1.024 sec)
Calculating Refresh Operations:
1. Total Number of Refresh Cycles in 1 Second:
- Since DRAM is refreshed every 64 ms, we can find how many 64 ms intervals fit into 1 second.
- Convert 1 second to milliseconds: 1 sec = 1000 ms.
- Number of refresh cycles in 1 sec = 1000 ms / 64 ms = 15.625
2. Total Time for Refresh Operations per Cycle:
- Each refresh operation takes 60 ns (which is 0.06 ms).
- Total time for all refresh operations in one cycle = 15.625 cycles * 0.06 ms = 0.9375 ms.
3. Available Time for Refresh Operations in 1 sec:
- Since we need to account for the refresh time, the effective time available for refresh operations in 1 sec is 1000 ms - 0.9375 ms = 999.0625 ms.
4. Final Calculation of Refresh Operations:
- Total refresh operations in 999.0625 ms = 999.0625 ms / 0.06 ms = 16651.04 operations.
5. Total Refresh Operations in 1 sec:
- However, since the refresh cycle occurs every 64 ms, we can calculate the effective number of refresh operations in the available time:
- Number of refresh operations in 1 second = Total cycles = 1000 ms / 64 ms = 15.625.
- Rounding down gives us about 15 refresh operations.
6. Conclusion:
- The total refresh operations performed in one second is approximately 221, making option 'D' the correct answer.
Final Answer: 221 refresh operations per second.
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