When there is a reduce/reduce conflict?a)If a state does not know whet...
It occurs when If a state does not know whether it will make a reduction operation using the production rule i or j for a terminal.
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When there is a reduce/reduce conflict?a)If a state does not know whet...
Reduce/Reduce Conflict:
A reduce/reduce conflict occurs in a parser when the parser generator encounters a state where it has two or more possible reductions for the same lookahead symbol. This means that the parser cannot determine which production rule to apply, leading to ambiguity and potential parsing errors.
Explanation:
In a shift/reduce parser, the parser generator constructs a parsing table that determines the next action to take based on the current state and the lookahead symbol. The actions can be either a shift operation (moving to the next state) or a reduce operation (applying a production rule).
A reduce/reduce conflict specifically occurs when the parser encounters a state where it has two or more possible reductions for the same lookahead symbol. This means that there are multiple production rules that can be applied, leading to ambiguity in the parsing process.
Example:
Consider the following grammar:
1. S -> A
2. S -> B
3. A -> a
4. B -> a
Suppose we have the input symbol 'a'. At a certain state, the parser may have two possible reductions:
1. Reduce using production rule 3: A -> a
2. Reduce using production rule 4: B -> a
Since both reduction options are valid, the parser cannot determine which production rule to apply. This leads to a reduce/reduce conflict.
Resolution:
To resolve reduce/reduce conflicts, the grammar needs to be modified to remove the ambiguity. This can be done by either restructuring the grammar or introducing additional symbols to disambiguate the reductions.
In the example above, the grammar can be modified as follows to remove the reduce/reduce conflict:
1. S -> A
2. A -> a
3. B -> a
By removing the redundant production rule for B, the reduce/reduce conflict is resolved.
Conclusion:
A reduce/reduce conflict occurs when the parser encounters a state with multiple possible reductions for the same lookahead symbol. This leads to ambiguity in the parsing process and requires modifications to the grammar to remove the conflict.
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