Explanation:
Type checking is a process in programming languages that verifies the compatibility of different types of values or expressions in a program. It ensures that the operations performed on variables or expressions are valid and do not result in type errors.

Type checking is typically performed during the Syntax Directed Translation phase.

Syntax Directed Translation:
Syntax Directed Translation is a technique used in compilers to associate attributes with the grammar productions during parsing. It allows us to perform various tasks such as type checking, code generation, and optimization.

During the Syntax Directed Translation phase, the compiler analyzes the syntax of the program and generates an intermediate representation of the program. This representation can be in the form of an abstract syntax tree (AST) or some other data structure.

Role of Type Checking in Syntax Directed Translation:
Type checking is an important aspect of Syntax Directed Translation. It ensures that the program's expressions and statements are well-formed and compatible with the language's type system.

During type checking, the compiler examines the types of variables, literals, and expressions used in the program. It verifies that the operations performed on these entities are valid according to the type rules of the language. If any type errors are detected, the compiler reports them as compilation errors.

Type checking is performed after the syntax analysis phase because it requires the complete syntactic structure of the program to determine the types of variables and expressions correctly.

Other Options:
- Lexical Analysis: Lexical analysis is the first phase of the compiler, where the source code is divided into tokens. It deals with recognizing and categorizing the individual characters of the program. It does not involve type checking.
- Syntax Analysis: Syntax analysis is the second phase of the compiler, where the tokens generated by the lexical analyzer are analyzed to determine the syntactic structure of the program. It checks for the correctness of the program's syntax but does not involve type checking.
- Code Generation: Code generation is the final phase of the compiler, where the intermediate representation of the program is translated into machine code or executable code. It does not involve type checking.

Therefore, the correct option is C) Syntax Directed Translation as it is during this phase that type checking is typically performed.